UNHEALTHY COMBINATION OF METHYLPARABEN AND PROPRANOLOL ON SEA URCHIN'S (ARBACIA LIXULA) DEVELOPMENT

###EgeUn###The majority of the organisms on earth including the humans are exposed to chemicals in a high amount and type in increasing amounts day by day. Pharmaceutics and pharmaceutically active substances have properties different than other known chemicals. Pharmaceutically active compounds are designed to show their effects in a very low concentration or dose at target living systems but as it is very good understood they can be hazardous to ecosystems especially on aquatic systems as aquatic systems are last recipients for the environmental pollutants. Preservatives are the substances used in both drugs and foodstuff and Parabens are frequently used one as having great antimicrobial effects. Propranolol is a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist and widely prescribed all over the world. Although there are many studies with these chemicals there are big gaps the effects of the mixture of them on marine ecosystems. Propranolol which is widely used a beta blocker for cardiovascular diseases and methylparaben one of the most abundant ingredient of pharmaceuticals are entering to the aquatic systems together so they are both detected in the environment up to mg/L levels. In the current study, we aimed to find out the joint effects of Methylparaben and Propranolol on the embryonic development of sea urchin (Arbacia lixula). According to our results, the adverse effects of methylparaben and propranolol increase when they're applied together that means has a synergistic effect.Ege University Scientific ResearchEge University [2016 - SUF - 007]This study is supported by Ege University Scientific Research project number 2016 - SUF - 007

Effect of some essential oils on the growth of Scenedesmus subspicatus

Due to the essential oils known as having great antimicrobial activities, they have been heavily used by several industries such as medical, cosmetics, food and agriculture since long past of human history. The essential oils are the secondary metabolite of aromatic plants and about 1/10th of known 3000 essential oils are widely used. They reached to the environment after used in any product and behave as xenobiotics especially in aquatic environment. Although, essential oils are natural plant extracts could be potential candidates for pest control or used any other purposes possible environmental impact needs to be investigation. In order to investigate the environmental impact of some essential oils such as rosemary oil, tea tree oil, wheat germ oil, grape seed oil, thyme oil and eucalyptus oil, Scenedesmus subspicatus were selected for testing as one of the primary producer species since they are the first trophic level of food chain. This test is approved as OECD 201 Algal Growth Inhibition test. As the result of this investigation, algal growth inhibition assays of tested oils did not show severe effects on the population growth of algae. The estimated EC50 values were 15.6, 35.09,  65.03, 100.17, 201.02, 414.47 mg/L for rosemary oil, wheat germ oil, tea tree oil, thyme oil, eucalyptus oil and grape seed oil respectively

THE EMBRYOTOXIC AND GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF WIDELY USED BETA BLOCKERS ON SEA URCHIN (PARACENTROTUS LIVIDUS) EMBRYOS

WOS: 000392555800057Pharmaceutically active compounds have attracted great attention last decades because of their potential environmental affects. Beside the expected impacts, depends on the concentrations of pharmaceuticals, unexpected side effects also can be occurred. In our study the effects of Atenolol, propranolol, metoprolol and nadolol are being investigated by embryos of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus which is one of important member of aquatic ecosystems. According to our results the EC50 values of embryotoxicity are 0,232 mg/l for Propranolol; 9,32 mg/l for Metoprolol, 33,802 mg/l for Atenolol and 53,08mg/l for Nadolol. Also we detect some chromosomal abnormality like mitotic bridge and scattered formations. According to the results, we can have concluded that beta blockers have effects on embryonic development of sea urchin and these effects can be seen on embryonic stages, larval development and cytotoxic level.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [109Y176]This study was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) Project number: 109Y176. The authors would like to give special thanks to Ass. Proff. Dr. Ozlem Cakal Arslan and Ass. Proff. Dr. Meltem Boyacioglu for their great support

COMPARABLE SPERMYOTOXICTY TEST OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT AND WATER FROM ALIAGA BAY (IZMIR, TURKEY) BY TWO SEA URCHIN SPECIES PARACENTROTUS LIVIDUS AND ARBACIA LIXULA

WOS: 000430372900057Aliaga Bay (Izmir, Turkey) is one of the contaminated area by domestic and several industrial facilities. The toxicity of contaminated sediment and water of the Bay has investigated by sea urchin spermyotoxicity test. The toxic effects of the samples which were collected from six stations and diluted up to 10(-1) to 10(-3) ml in habitual sea water were determined as fertilization success and the quality of off-springs of Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula. Significant growth reduction at the early life stages and an increase in larval deformities at the pluteus stage were approximately 34% for P. lividus and 10% for A. lixula in the dilution 10(-3) from station 1. The effective concentration (EC50) in station 1 was estimated as 70.926 for P. lividus embryos and 1225.8 ml/L for A. lixula embryos. The sediment samples also showed a noticeable spermyotoxicity, up to nearly 78% developmental delay in embryos reared in 0.1 mg/ml for P. lividus and 56% for A. lixula in station 5. The EC50 values for P. lividus and A. lixula sperm calculated as 0.01 mg/L and 9767.5 mg/L respectively. As a result of this investigation, all dilutions of water and sediment samples were toxic for two sea urchin species and showed that A. lixula was found to be more tolerant to contaminated sediment and water than P. lividus. In conclusion, the present investigation has pointed out a clear response of early life stages of P. lividus and A. lixula to different dilutions of contaminated water and sediment samples and sperm bioassays test of sea urchins may be good method to evaluate the toxicity of contaminated environmental samples.Ege University Faculty of Fisheries, Hydrobiology DepartmentEge University [2014/SUF/023]The present study was supported in the context of Scientific Research Project of Ege University Faculty of Fisheries, Hydrobiology Department (Project No: 2014/SUF/023