Evaluation of Hearing in Children with Metabolic Syndrome

Objective:The frequency of metabolic syndrome is increasing in both children and adults. In addition to metabolic complications such as obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome may affect all systems of the body. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of metabolic syndrome on hearing in childhood.Methods:A prospective, controlled study was performed on 38 obese children diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and 34 healthy children. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical studies were performed. All individuals underwent pure-tone audiometry, tympanogram, and transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) tests. The hearing thresholds of the patients were compared with healthy volunteers.Results:There was no significant difference in terms of age and gender between the groups (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in mean hearing levels between the groups. When frequencies were compared, significantly increased hearing threshold levels were determined at low frequencies in children with metabolic syndrome. Analysis of the TEOAE results elicited no statistically significant variation in terms of signal-to-noise ratio values, signal amplitudes, or test reproducibility values between the study groups.Conclusion:Identification of the potential hearing losses early by means of detailed hearing examinations in children with metabolic syndrome is important. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the effect of metabolic syndrome on hearing in this age group

Foreign Bodies in Nasal Cavity: Our Experience over 1 Year [Nazal Kavitede Yabanci Cisim: 1 Yillik Sonuclarimiz]

The aim of this study is to determine some parameters such as the structure of foreign body, age of patient etc. in patients with foreign body in their nasal cavity. The patients who referred to our hospital with foreign body in their nasal cavity between November 2013 and November 2014 are included to study. Data were collected retrospectively from patients records. 80 patients had foreign body in their nasal cavity. 45(%56.25) of them have foreign body in right nasal cavity, while 35 have in left one (%43.75). 48 of the patients were male (%60), 32 of them were female (%40). The foreign bodies were more common in early ages. 28 of patients (%35) were between age 0-2, 32 of them (%40) were between age 2-4, 15 of them (%19) were between age 5-8 and 5 of them (%6) were older than 8 years old. The foreign bodies mostly consist of little plastic substances (18 patients, %22.5), beans (16 patients %20), paper particles (12 patients, %12) and sponge (7 patients, %8.75). Only 5 of patients had complication of epistaxis after removal of foreign body. Foreign bodies in nasal cavity are common disorders of pediatric population. Although it is generally easy to remove foreign bodies from nasal cavity, it must be also considered that, all foreign bodies of nasal cavity have potential risk to obstruct the airway. Because of this, the foreign body in the nasal cavity is an emergency situation. [Med-Science 2015; 4(1.000): 2065-72

Cochlear Mechanisms in Noise Induced Hearing Loss

One of the most common cause of hearing loss depends on noise overexposure. Noise is a stress factor that has auditory, psychological and physiological effects. Noise causes overproduction of stress hormones, sleep disturbances and impairment of cellular immunity. The effect of noise that inflicts organic damage on the human hearing system varies depending on intensity, and duration of the noise and individual susceptibility. There are several anatomical and physiologic abnormalities caused by noise overexposure. These abnormalities vary from the minimal loss of metabolic activities of hair cells and stiffness of stereocilia to total loss of organ of corti and the auditory nerve. The opportunity to treat and prevent noise induced hearing loss may increase with the clarification of the mechanism of cochlear damage in noise. Understanding of these mechanisms is important for development of new agents for treatment or prevention of noise induced hearing loss. In this report, we reviewed the pathological changes of the cochlea in noise induced hearing loss in the light of the literature. [Med-Science 2015; 4(4.000): 2967-74

Unilateral Choanal Atresia Diagnosed During Operation: Case Report [Peroperatif Tani Konulan Unilateral Koanal Atrezi: Olgu Sunumu]

Choanal atresia is the unilateral or bilateral obstruction of the passage between nasal cavity and nasopharynx. Transnasal surgery of choanal atresia in a patient with unilateral choanal atresia diagnosed accidentally during operation of septorinoplasti for septal deviation and external nasal deformity in Plastic Surgery Clinic is presented. A 25-year-old female referred to plastic surgery clinic with external nasal deformity and difficulty in breathing through nose. Although concha bullosa at middle concha and polipoid degeneration at lower concha are observed in computerized tomography of paranasal sinus, the patient referred to our clinic. In physical examination, due to advanced septal deviation, endoscopic examination of left nasal cavity could not be established. It was planned to examine the left nasal cavity in operating room after septoplasty. In the endoscopic examination after septoplasty, choanal atresia at left nasal cavity observed. Atresia was repaired with transnasal approach. At follow-up period, the choanal opening was intact. Unilateral choanal atresia is a disorder which can reach at the adolesant ages without diagnosis. Although the symptoms of the disease can be interfere in lots of diseases, the diagnosis is simple with nasal endoscopic examination. If nasal endoscopic examination is difficult because of nasal septal deviation, it must be performed in operating room before ending the operation to reveal the additional disorders. [Med-Science 2015; 4(1.000): 2073-9

Evaluation of the effects on nasal mucociliary clearance of various nasal solutions applied topically in patients with sinusitis

Mucociliary clearance (MC) is one of the main defense mechanisms of the nasal respiratory mucosa. The purpose of this study was to determine changes occurring nasal MC in patients with sinusitis, and how medical treatment affects changes in MC, and to identify an appropriate topical solution with positive effects on MC for use in the treatment of sinusitis by examining the effects of various topical solutions on MC. 60 patients diagnosed with rhinosinusitis at the ear, nose and throat clinic were included in this prospective study. Patients were randomly assigned into groups. Group 1 (n:10) received no topical treatment. Group 2 (n:10) was administered with fluticasone propionate, Group 3 (n:10) received mometasone furoate and Group 4 (n:10) received oxymetazoline. Group 5 (n:10) received isotonic sea water for nasal irrigation, while Group 6 (n:10) received isotonic Ringers solution for nasal irrigation. Group 7 represented the control group (non-sinusitis). The saccharin test was used to determine nasal mucociliary clearance times. The saccharin test was performed before and on the 2nd week of treatment in all groups. Basal MCT and 2nd week MCT values were compared in all groups. When measurements performed 20 min and 14 days after administration of topical agents were compared with basal values, mean MCT values at 20 min. and 14 days were shorter in all groups compared to mean basal MCT values. However, the difference between 20-min, 14th day and basal MCT values was only statistically significant in the oxymetazoline and isotonic Ringers solution groups (p [Med-Science 2018; 7(1.000): 1-4