A Variety of New Traveling Wave Packets and Conservation Laws to the Nonlinear Low-Pass Electrical Transmission Lines via Lie Analysis

This research is based on computing the new wave packets and conserved quantities to the nonlinear low-pass electrical transmission lines (NLETLs) via the group-theoretic method. By using the group-theoretic technique, we analyse the NLETLs and compute infinitesimal generators. The resulting equations concede two-dimensional Lie algebra. Then, we have to find the commutation relation of the entire vector field and observe that the obtained generators make an abelian algebra. The optimal system is computed by using the entire vector field and using the concept of abelian algebra. With the help of an optimal system, NLETLs convert into nonlinear ODE. The modified Khater method (MKM) is used to find the wave packets by using the resulting ODEs for a supposed model. To represent the physical importance of the considered model, some 3D, 2D, and density diagrams of acquired results are plotted by using Mathematica under the suitable choice of involving parameter values. Furthermore, all derived results were verified by putting them back into the assumed equation with the aid of Maple software. Further, the conservation laws of NLETLs are computed by the multiplier method

A Variety of New Traveling Wave Packets and Conservation Laws to the Nonlinear Low-Pass Electrical Transmission Lines via Lie Analysis

This research is based on computing the new wave packets and conserved quantities to the nonlinear low-pass electrical transmission lines (NLETLs) via the group-theoretic method. By using the group-theoretic technique, we analyse the NLETLs and compute infinitesimal generators. The resulting equations concede two-dimensional Lie algebra. Then, we have to find the commutation relation of the entire vector field and observe that the obtained generators make an abelian algebra. The optimal system is computed by using the entire vector field and using the concept of abelian algebra. With the help of an optimal system, NLETLs convert into nonlinear ODE. The modified Khater method (MKM) is used to find the wave packets by using the resulting ODEs for a supposed model. To represent the physical importance of the considered model, some 3D, 2D, and density diagrams of acquired results are plotted by using Mathematica under the suitable choice of involving parameter values. Furthermore, all derived results were verified by putting them back into the assumed equation with the aid of Maple software. Further, the conservation laws of NLETLs are computed by the multiplier method

Noval soliton solution, sensitivity and stability analysis to the fractional gKdV-ZK equation

Abstract This work examines the fractional generalized Korteweg-de-Vries-Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation (gKdV-ZKe) by utilizing three well-known analytical methods, the modified $$\left( \frac{G^{'}}{G^2}\right)$$ G ′ G 2 -expansion method, $$\left( \frac{1}{G^{'}}\right)$$ 1 G ′ -expansion method and the Kudryashov method. The gKdV-ZK equation is a nonlinear model describing the influence of magnetic field on weak ion-acoustic waves in plasma made up of cool and hot electrons. The kink, singular, anti-kink, periodic, and bright soliton solutions are observed. The effect of the fractional parameter on wave shapes have been analyzed by displaying various graphs for fractional-order values of $$\beta$$ β . In addition, we utilize the Hamiltonian property to observe the stability of the attained solution and Galilean transformation for sensitivity analysis. The suggested methods can also be utilized to evaluate the nonlinear models that are being developed in a variety of scientific and technological fields, such as plasma physics. Findings show the effectiveness simplicity, and generalizability of the chosen computational approach, even when applied to complex models

Effect of Dust Types on the Eco-Physiological Response of Three Tree Species Seedlings: <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i>, <i>Conocarpus erectus</i> and <i>Bombax ceiba</i>

Dust is the collection of fine particles of solid matter, and it is a major issue of atmospheric pollution. Dust particles are becoming the major pollutants of the urban environment due to hyperbolic manufacturing and automobile pollution. These atmospheric pollutants are not only hazardous for human beings, but they also affect tree growth, particularly in urban environments. This study was designed to examine the changes in morphological and physiological traits of three tree species seedlings (Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Conocarpus erectus, and Bombax ceiba) in response to different dust types. In a pot experiment under controlled conditions, three-month-old seedlings of selected trees species were subjected to four treatments of dust: T1 = controlled; T2 = wood dust; T3 = soil dust; and T4 = carbon dust. During the whole experiment, 10 g/plant/dose was applied in 8 doses with a one-week interval. The results depicted that the growth was the maximum in T1 (control) and the minimum in T4 (carbon dust). In our findings, B. ceiba performed better under the same levels of dust pollution as compared with the other two tree species. The B. ceiba tree species proved to be the most tolerant to dust pollution by efficiently demolishing oxidative bursts by triggering SOD, POD, and CAT under different dust types compared to controlled conditions. Stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate were negatively influenced in all three tree species in response to different dust applications. Based on the findings, among these three tree species, B. ceiba is recommended for dust polluted areas followed by E. camaldulensis and Conocarpus erectus due to their better performance and efficient dust-foraging potential

A prospective, observational, multicentre study to evaluate the efficacy of brivaracetam as adjuvant therapy for epilepsy: The Bravo study

Background: Epilepsy is a persistent tendency to experience epileptic seizures and can lead to various neurobiological disorders, with an elevated risk of premature mortality. This study evaluates the efficacy of brivaracetam adjuvant therapy in patients with epilepsy. Methods: A prospective observational multicentre study that was conducted in Pakistan from March to September 2022, by using a non-probability convenience sampling technique. The population consisted of 543 individuals with a diagnosis of epilepsy for whom adjunctive brivaracetam (Brivera; manufactured by Helix Pharma Pvt Ltd., Sindh, Pakistan) was recommended by the treating physician. The research sample was drawn from various private neurology clinics of Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Peshawar. Data originating from routine patient visits, and assessments at three study time points, were recorded in the study case report form. Results: Across four clinical sites, 543 individuals participated, with a mean age of 32.9 years. The most prescribed dosages were 50 mg BD, followed by 100 mg BD. Notably, brivaracetam combined with divalproex sodium was the most prevalent treatment, followed by brivaracetam with levetiracetam. At both the 14th and 90th day assessments, a significant reduction in seizure frequency was observed, with 63.1% of individuals showing a favourable response by day 90. Treatment-naive individuals exhibited higher rates of seizure freedom and response compared with treatment-resistant individuals. Conclusions: The study demonstrates the effectiveness of brivaracetam combination therapy in epilepsy management, with notable reductions in seizure frequency and favourable clinical responses observed, particularly in treatment-naive individuals