An investigative study on the confessional statement and its impact on criminal trial in Pakistan

The role of confession by the accused person has an important place in the judicial structure of Pakistan. The courts evaluate the admissibility of the confessional statement and apply their judicial mind with free consent. The legal framework of Pakistan including QSO 1984, and Cr. P. C 1898 provides basic law and procedure to record a confession in the criminal justice system. However, the accused is not being dealt with fairly while recording confessions at the pre-trial and trial stage. Usually, police use undue influence to record a confessional statement. The procedures adopted for the recording of confession during the pendency of the trial. The current study has evaluated the values and norms of recording confessional statements. This research paper adopted the doctrinal research methodology to achieve the objectives. In addition, it also argues for the acceptability of the confession of co-accused in the criminal justice system. Moreover, this research evaluates the validity of a confessional statement in the justice process in Pakistan. Lastly, this research discusses the executable references regarding the recording of confession at all stages and its value in the eyes of law to uphold justice and avoid the unjust

Hepatoprotective Effects of Silybum marianum

Oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and transaminase reactions are some of the mechanisms that can lead to liver dysfunction. A time-dependent study was designed to evaluate the ability of silymarin (SLN) and glycyrrhizin (GLN) in different dosage regimens to lessen oxidative stress in the rats with hepatic injury caused by the hepatotoxin carbon tetrachloride. Wistar male albino rats (n = 60) were randomly assigned to six groups. Group A served as a positive control while groups B, C, D, E, and F received a dose of CCl4 (50% solution of CCl4 in liquid paraffin, 2 mL/kg, intraperitoneally) twice a week to induce hepatic injury. Additionally, the animals received SLN and GLN in different doses for a period of six weeks. CCl4 was found to induce hepatic injury by significantly increasing serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances while decreasing total protein and the activities of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Treatment with various doses of SLN and GLN significantly reduced ALT, AST, ALP, and TBARS levels and increased GSH, SOD, and CAT levels. Our findings indicated that SLN and GLN have hepatoprotective effects against oxidative stress of the liver

Attention-Based CNN-RNN Arabic Text Recognition from Natural Scene Images

According to statistics, there are 422 million speakers of the Arabic language. Islam is the second-largest religion in the world, and its followers constitute approximately 25% of the world’s population. Since the Holy Quran is in Arabic, nearly all Muslims understand the Arabic language per some analytical information. Many countries have Arabic as their native and official language as well. In recent years, the number of internet users speaking the Arabic language has been increased, but there is very little work on it due to some complications. It is challenging to build a robust recognition system (RS) for cursive nature languages such as Arabic. These challenges become more complex if there are variations in text size, fonts, colors, orientation, lighting conditions, noise within a dataset, etc. To deal with them, deep learning models show noticeable results on data modeling and can handle large datasets. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) can select good features and follow the sequential data learning technique. These two neural networks offer impressive results in many research areas such as text recognition, voice recognition, several tasks of Natural Language Processing (NLP), and others. This paper presents a CNN-RNN model with an attention mechanism for Arabic image text recognition. The model takes an input image and generates feature sequences through a CNN. These sequences are transferred to a bidirectional RNN to obtain feature sequences in order. The bidirectional RNN can miss some preprocessing of text segmentation. Therefore, a bidirectional RNN with an attention mechanism is used to generate output, enabling the model to select relevant information from the feature sequences. An attention mechanism implements end-to-end training through a standard backpropagation algorithm

Significance of Hall current and viscous dissipation in the bioconvection flow of couple-stress nanofluid with generalized Fourier and Fick laws.

In the pump of different machines, the vacuum pump oil (VPO) is used as a lubricant. The heat rate transport mechanism is a significant requirement for all industries and engineering. The applications of VPO in discrete fields of industries and engineering fields are uranium enrichment, electron microscopy, radio pharmacy, ophthalmic coating, radiosurgery, production of most types of electric lamps, mass spectrometers, freeze-drying, and, etc. Therefore, in the present study, the nanoparticles are mixed up into the VPO base liquid for the augmentation of energy transportation. Further, the MHD flow of a couple stress nanoliquid with the applications of Hall current toward the rotating disk is discussed. The Darcy-Forchheimer along with porous medium is examined. The prevalence of viscous dissipation, thermal radiation, and Joule heating impacts are also considered. With the aid of Cattaneo-Christov heat-mass flux theory, the mechanism for energy and mass transport is deliberated. The idea of the motile gyrotactic microorganisms is incorporated. The existing problem is expressed as higher-order PDEs, which are then transformed into higher-order ODEs by employing the appropriate similarity transformations. For the analytical simulation of the modeled system of equations, the HAM scheme is utilized. The behavior of the flow profiles of the nanoliquid against various flow parameters has discoursed through the graphs. The outcomes from this analysis determined that the increment in a couple-stress liquid parameter reduced the fluid velocity. It is obtained that, the expansion in thermal and solutal relaxation time parameters decayed the nanofluid temperature and concentration. Further, it is examined that a higher magnetic field amplified the skin friction coefficients of the nanoliquid. Heat transport is increased through the rising of the radiation parameter

DAR-GRACE: Diabetes and Ramadan: glycaemic control, physician counselling and patient practices –experience from a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan

Objective: To identify patient practices and knowledge pertaining to Ramadan fasting and to see whether physicians were providing adequate counselling and adjusting medications accordingly. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan, from June to August 2018, and comprised diabetic patients who fasted during Ramadan. A questionnaire was designed to assess patients’ knowledge, risk category, pre-Ramadan counselling, medication adjustment, lifestyle changes, pre- and post- Ramadan glycated haemoglobin levels, and complications during Ramadan. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. Results: Out of 272 diabetics, 176(64.7%) were females. Mean number of fasts kept were 22±10.61. Pre-Ramadan 120(44.1%) patients consulted their physicians and 105(87.5%) of them received relevant counselling. Medications were adjusted in only 30 (25%) such cases. Overall, 41(15.1%) patients were in the high-risk category, while 109(40.1%) and 122(44.9%) were in the moderate and low-risk categories. During the month, 17(6.25%) were hospitalised due to diabetes-related complications. Glycated haemoglobin levels fell significantly (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Anomalous patient behaviours and suboptimal physician practices were noticed. Keywords: Diabetes; Ramadan; Pakista

A Conceptual Model to Support the Transmuters in Acquiring the Desired Knowledge of a Data Scientist

Recently, data science has emerged as the most attractive profession. This is mainly because data scientists are currently in high demand in the business and healthcare industry, and are also a high-paying profession and several career options. Inspired by this, the transmuter (i.e. a person who wants to change his/her profession as per job trends) having different educational backgrounds focuses on acquiring the required level of knowledge and skills regarding the data scientist. However, to the best of our knowledge, the current state-of-the-art lacks in providing any information/roadmap useful for the transmuters to gain the required set of data scientist’s knowledge and skills. Based on this, the main objective of this work is to identify the skills and knowledge required for data scientists keeping in view of their educational background. To achieve this, we have conducted an exploratory study and received responses from 134 data scientists of different educational backgrounds from 31 countries. The conducted study suggests the six different types of data scientists, which help different organizations to build an effective team for data scientists. Moreover, this study also proposed a conceptual model for transmuters as well to adopt data science according to the respective data scientist’s category. Moreover, the current study also aims to reduce the gap between industry and academic. The proposed framework is validated using an expert opinion-based technique. We believe that current work effectively supports both transmuters and industry; for transmuters, it helps them to propose the appropriate tools and required knowledge, and for the industry, it provides the basic strengths and weaknesses of different categories of transmuters