Comparative Evaluation of Customers’ Satisfaction and Loyalty in Conventional and Islamic Banks of Pakistan: Muhammad Ilyas, Kamran Al

The intention of this paper is to examine the level of customer’s satisfaction inboth conventional and Islamic banks and to find out that the customers of which type of bank are more satisfied. A modified SERVQUAL model has been used for this purpose. Field survey was carried out through questionnaire based on modified SERVQUAL model. Data were collected from 500 walk-in customers of Islamic and conventional banks andanalysed through SPSS 16. The results show that the customers of Islamic banks are more satisfied and loyal than the customers of conventional banks.This study will help policy makers of Islamic and conventional banks understand the behavioural differences of customers and will also help them to align their service quality according to customer’s perceptions

FREQUENCY OF FUNGAL MYCOFLORA ON RICE

Introduction: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the second best essential cereal crop of the world as well as of Pakistan. There are various fungal pathogens that attack on rice and cause various rice diseases. Methods: Therefore, the present experiments were done to isolated different fungi associated with seeds, stems, and leaves of commercially grown rice varieties and of mainly isolated species. Results: Several fungi, namely, Magnaporthe oryzae, Curvularia lunata, Helminthosporium oryzae, Fusarium moniliforme, Alternaria alternata, Nigrospora oryzae, and Aspergillus niger were isolated from seeds, stems, and affected leaves of rice. Conclusion: In our research, the frequency of fungal mycoflora on rice has been calculated and the maximum isolates of Fusarium spp. have been found

Methyl 2-[2-(2,6-dichloro-4-nitro­anilino)-3,5-dinitro­phen­yl]acetate

In the title compound, C15H10Cl2N4O8, the methyl­acetate and dichloro­anilinic groups are oriented at dihedral angles of 57.73 (8) and 62.44 (4)°, respectively to the dinitro-sustituted benzene ring. S(5) and S(7) rings are formed due to intra­molecular N—H⋯Cl and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, respectively. In the crystal, N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into C(8) chains along the a axis. Further C—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link these chains in pairs, forming a polymeric network

Object-Oriented Software Testing: A Review

Object-oriented (OO) software systems present specific challenges to the testing teams. As the object-oriented software contains the OO methodology and its different components, it is hard for the testing teams to test the software with arbitrary software components and the chance of errors could be increased. So different techniques, models, and methods researchers identified to tackle these challenges. In this paper, we are going to analyze and study the OO software testing. For handling challenges in OO software testing, different techniques and methods are proposed like UML diagrams, evolutionary testing, genetic algorithms, black-box testing, and white-box testing. The methodology used for research is literature review (LR) of the recent decay

Performance of ``Penyuluh KB'' After the Transfer of Employment Status in East Java, Indonesia

Based on Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, the Penyuluh Keluarga Berencana (PKB) switched status to become a central employee. Previous studies have shown that when they were still regional employees, PKB’s performance had not run optimally. This study aims to describe the performance and operational mechanisms of family planning extension workers after the transfer of employment status. This study used a mixed-method approach by taking locations in Trenggalek, Ponorogo, and Tuban. The research variables include the characteristics of the family planning instructor, the characteristics of operational policies, operational mechanisms, and the performance of the PKB. The population is family planning extension workers who have experienced a change in employment status as central employees and the sample was selected purposively. Data were obtained through interviews and analyzed descriptively. The operational mechanism for family planning counselors must have legal support. The work plan made by PKB does not fully accommodate the needs of the community. The work targets assigned to PKB could not be achieved because they were too high, the quality of PKB was low, the age factor, and PKB’s administrative busyness. The lack of PKB performance shows that PKB’s performance is not optimal even though it has received performance allowances. Since the change in employment status, the cooperation between family planning counselors and midwives has changed in certain areas, resulting in reduced achievement of family planning programs. Therefore, capacity building and technical assistance are needed for PKB to spur the achievement of PPM performance targets optimally. Keywords: performance, “penyuluh KB”, status transfer, staffin

Evaluating the motives of child labourers in the informal economy

Conventionally, the marginalised population was considered to engage in child labour due to poverty, education or lack of other options, but indeed, a few children work voluntarily. However, a growing number of scholars, in recent years, have drawn their attention to the valuable question, “why children are engaged in child labour in the informal economy”. Even though a few studies have explored the motives of informal workers, to our knowledge not a single paper has explored the motives of child labourers working in the informal economy. The purpose of this study is to fill this gap by evaluating the motives of child labourers, through three competing theorisations of the informal economy