Service Quality and Its Impact on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty in Airline Industry: Partial Least Square (PLS)-Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Approach.

This quantitative paper aims to measure the service quality of airline service perceived by Pakistani customers, and its impact on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Partial Least Square Structural - Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to measure the relationship. It used a self-administered questionnaire by incorporating AIRQUAL measurement model. Respondents (n=168) who have travelled from Pakistan to Malaysia were sent questionnaire through social media. Convenience sampling technique was used, and the results revealed that Airline Tangibles, Personnel Services, and Image have a positive and significant relationship with Customer Satisfaction whereas Empathy and Terminal Tangibles showed an insignificant relationship with Customer Satisfaction. Results also showed a strong positive relationship between Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty. Moreover, the management of airlines and airport services need to reconsider the services they provide to their customers who are travelling from Pakistan to Malaysia

AN EVALUATION OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY AND STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN SCIENCE SUBJECTS AT HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL IN SINDH

The medium of instructions employed for teaching all science subjects up to secondary level is the indigenous language across all public schools of Sindh, but at higher secondary level the medium of instruction is English. Consequently, students face serious problems in learning science subjects. Realizing the gravity of this problem and its adverse effects on other subjects, an empirical study has been conducted which was aimed at measuring correlation between English language proficiency and students’ performance in science subjects. It involves students’ and teachers’ perceptions to find out whether English is truly an obstacle for students especially in science subjects or not, and if so, then to what extent it is so. The population of the study comprised all the teachers and students of Sindh, which was further delimited to Hyderabad, from which a sample of 500 students and 50 teachers was selected through random stratified sampling technique. The data was collected through survey method and questionnaire instruments. The findings showed that there was strong correlation between English language proficiency of students and their performance in science subjects. There was no significant difference between the perceptions of teachers and students regarding the impact of English proficiency on performance of students in science subjects. Even the performance of students in English and science subjects was alike. It also unfolded that the inadequate English language proficiency was such a gigantic stumbling block for students that demoralized a large number of students so much as to drop out prematurely in their studies. They, who managed to overcome this hindrance, get through the exams with merely passing marks or by re-sitting some supplementary exams. Result indicated that this problem was even graver for rural students compared to urban ones. It is suggested that time and energies allocated to improving students’ language proficiency ought to be improved both quantitatively and qualitatively and students should be given leverage to write down their answers partly in English and partly in native language

Effect of Artificial Aging Temperature on Mechanical Properties of 6061 Aluminum Alloy

Aluminum alloys have been attracted by several engineering sectors due to their excellent strengthweight ratio and corrosion resistant properties. These are categorized into 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7and 8xxx on the basis of alloying elements. Among these 6xxx series contains aluminum–magnesium–silicon as alloying elements and are widely used in extruded products and automotive body panels. The major advantages of these alloys are good corrosion resistance, medium strength, low cost, age hardening response no yield point phenomenon and Ludering. 6xxx series alloys generally have lower formability than other aluminum alloys which restrict their utilization for wide applications. Keeping in view of the shortcomings in the set of mechanical properties of 6xxx series the efforts were made to improve the tensile strength and toughness properties through age hardening. In present study heat treatment cycles were studied for 6061 aluminum alloy. Three different age hardening temperatures 160, 200 and 240oC were selected. The obtained results showed that 17.26, 7.69, and 10.51% improvement in tensile strength, toughness and hardness respectively was achieved with solution treatment at 380oC followed by an aging 240oC. Microstructural study revealed that substantial improvements in the mechanical properties of 6061 aluminum alloy under heat treatment were achieved due to precipitation of Mg2Si secondary phase

Quasi 3D Finite Element Algorithm for Rotating Mixing Flows

The present research article presents numerical simulations of rotating of Newtonian fluid mixing flows in a cylindrical container through single rotating stirrer with agitator, where stirrer is located on the lid of container in concentric position. For this purpose a Quasi 3D (Three-Dimensional) FEA (Finite Element Algorithm) has been developed. The numerical algorithm is based on fractional stages semiimplicit Taylor-Galerkin/Pressure-Correction scheme. The simulation has been carried out to analyze the effects of agitator on mixing behavior. The numerical results show that Quasi 3D FEA is an accurate mathematical tool and able to achieve good results for flow structure in laminar regime

Health and Safety Assessment in Lakhra Coal Mines and Its Mitigation Measures

oai:ojs.localhost:article/200The coal mine excavation, transportation and coal cutting process are involved in hazards and risks that can result in fatalities, injuries and diseases, if these are not properly managed. This study has been undertaken for assessment of the safety and health issues amongst the mines workers. Convenience sampling technique was exercised upon 97 mine workers and interviewed with the help of set questionnaire. Personnel protection to workplace environment was monitored by using physical observation and scientific analysis. All parameters were measured against national and international protocols pertaining to labor law at coal mines. It has been determined that very high risk was persisting while mine excavation, coal cutting and transportation processes. Previous record of last five years was suggesting that 04 deaths happened due to roof fall, 03 fatalities occurred through suffocation by inhaling toxic gases, one causality happened via rope haulage pulley, and also one death due to stone fall down from mine shaft. 121 workers injured in different kinds of accidents within five years. It has been learnt from in-depth analysis that maximum of health risk and subsequent health damages are triggering due to lack of awareness, non-compliance of labor as well as mines laws. Thus, it is recommended that government should not allow coal mining contractors and companies, those which are failing in compliance with the suggested standards

Modelling and development of sustainable energy systems

Due to the recent climate change, organizations all over the globe are developing plans for reducing carbon emissions by developing clean energy technologies and energy efficient devices. However, the path for transition to green energy system is still unclear and in general, the representation of green energy supply for transition pathways is limited. Therefore, this study outlines a plan for getting Swedish energy sector completely carbon neutral by 2050. The approach can also be applicable to the majority of nations worldwide. Computer based simulations are performed on Energy PLAN software for making clean, green and sustainable energy system that can balance every component of entire energy system during the study period 2022 to 2050. This study takes into account the sustainable use of renewable sources for all economic sectors as well as the interchange of energy with nearby nations under the two scenarios. Additionally, the energy system works in tandem with other industries to create a fully carbon-free environment. The results revealed that, 50% de-carbonization is possible till 2035 and 100% de-carbonization is possible till 2050. This enables a discussion of how ambitious 10-year goals might serve as a first step toward the mid-century elimination of fossil fuels from the energy sector

The role of techno-economic factors for net zero carbon emissions in Pakistan

The Government of Pakistan has established clean energy transition goals in the national Alternative and Renewable Energy (ARE) Policy. The goal of this policy is to increase the 30% capacity of green energy in total energy mix by 2030. In this regard, the aim of this study is to develop a de-carbonization plan for achieving net zero emissions through the deployment of a green energy system for the period 2021 to 2040 by incorporating the ARE policy targets. The Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP®) software is used for finding the unidirectional causality among gross domestic product, population within the country, energy demand, renewable energy production and CO2 emissions for Pakistan. The results revealed that energy production of 564.16 TWh is enough to meet the energy demand of 480.10 TWh with CO2 emissions of 22.19 million metric tons, having a population of 242.1 million people and GDP growth rate of 5.8%, in the year 2040 in Pakistan. The share of green energy production is 535.07 TWh, which can be utilized fully for meeting energy demand in the country, and almost zero emissions will produce till 2040. CO2 emissions produced by burning natural gas were 20.64 million metric tons in 2020, which then reduced to 3.25 million metric tons in 2040. CO2 emissions produced by burning furnace oil are also reduced from 4.19 million metric tons in 2020 to 2.06 million metric tons in 2040. CO2 emissions produced by burning coal were 24.85 million metric tons in 2020, which then reduced to 16.88 million metric tons in 2040. Energy demand is directly related to the population and GDP of the country, while renewable utilization is inversely proportional to carbon emissions. The declining trend of carbon emissions in Pakistan would help to achieve net zero emissions targets by mid-century. This technique would bring prosperity in the development of a clean, green and sustainable environment

INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON MOTIVATION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF EMPLOYEES: A STUDY ON CHINESE IT FIRMS

In today's rapidly changing society, IT enterprises continue to develop invincible and IT enterprise managers are responsible for taking corrective initiatives to avoid future problems. In an organization, leadership style is a key factor to improve employee performance and promote organizational innovation culture, which plays a crucial role in every organization and business. The purpose of this study is to help improve employee performance through effective leadership in Chinese IT enterprises through the mediating role of organizational innovation culture. In this study, the researcher uses quantitative methods to analyze and process the data collected through the questionnaire. The study discusses in detail the effects and influence of the two leadership styles, namely transformational leadership and transactional leadership on employee performance. The results depict that transformational leadership has a significant positive influence on employee performance and organizational innovation culture, while the influence of transactional leadership is weak in comparison to that of Transformational leadership. Finally, it is suggested that in order to improve the transformational leadership, especially in the IT industry, which is constantly changing and innovating, the firm needs to be constantly stimulating innovation and change of employees. The enterprise needs to adapt to the development of the times and improve the performance of employees, thereby enhancing the core competitiveness of the enterprise

Global Water Mapping, Requirements, and Concerns over Water Quality Shortages

Water is a blessing and reason forsurvival on earth for human beings. Without water, it is not difficult to live on earth, but it is impossible. Water fulfills domestic, drinking, agricultural, and industrial requirements and makes everything useful for us. Unfortunately, rapid increase in population, unplanned agriculture practices, and industrial sector have become a serious issues for environment and for future needs. Water will be a very important issue for next generations to face. Safe water access up to 50−100 liters per day for drinking and sanitation is a right of every human being, recognized by the United Nations General Assembly in July 2010. Approximately, six billion people may suffer from scarcity of clean water by 2050. The agriculture sector is the largest consumer of freshwater around 70% followed by industry and domestic of 19 and 11%, respectively. The global demand for water is gradually increasing by 1% per year. Global demand for water is predicted to increase by 55% between the years 2000 and 2050. Existing global water demand has been projected to about 4600 km3 every year and estimation may increase up to 20−30%, in range of 5500−6000 km3 every year by 2050