Performance of sludge palm oil combustion using waste oil burner

Sludge palm oil (SPO) is one of the wastes produced during the activity of palm oil milling process. The most common method to synthesise biodiesel from SPO is through a chemical process known as esterification and transesterification. The chemical process required additional cost and time. Hence this paper aims to evaluate the utilisation of SPO directly as fuel in burner system and compare with conventional diesel. The SPO studied contain free fatty acid (FFA) content about 30 %, density and viscosity at 0.982 g/cm3 and 67.76 mm2/s respectively which is higher than diesel. The maximum combustion temperature achieved was 869 °C lower than diesel, 891 °C. Lower CO, CO2 and NOx emission during combustion compare to diesel around 34 %, 6% and 90 % reduction respectively. The low combustion temperature, flame length and emission due to the high viscosity of SPO compare to diesel. Fuel spray and flow was affected by viscosity which lowers the combustibility and consumption of SPO. SPO show great properties and combustion performance as fuel for burner system and improvement can make it even better

Burner performance and emissions fuelled with water-in-diesel emulsion fuel

The combustion of low-quality fossil fuels by industrial burners release toxic exhaust emissions such as NOx, CO and HC. Introduction of water in combustion have been proven to improve combustion efficiency and reduce toxic emissions in several studies. One of the methods of water introduction in combustion is water emulsified fuel. In present study, the combustion of Malaysian Diesel grade 2 (D2), and Water-in-Diesel (W/D) emulsion fuels with 5%, 10% and 15% water volume (labelled as E5, E10 and E15, respectively, using an industrial burner was investigated. The aim of the study is to measure the fuel consumption, flame temperature, and exhaust emissions of the industrial burner fuelled with the test fuels to find a suitable setting for an optimum combustion of the W/D emulsion fuels. It is found that the flame temperature of all the tested fuels were the highest at fan damper 2 setting. Additionally, the combustion of E5 showed the highest flame temperature compared to other tested fuels. The fuel consumption for all W/D emulsion fuels were lower than that of D2. The NOx emission of the tested fuels increased with the increase of fan damper number, whereas the CO and HC emission showed otherwise

A brief review of palm oil liquid waste conversion into biofuel

Palm oil is an important edible oil due to its high content of beta-carotene and vitamin E, high oil output, and solid fat content. However, its extensive commercialization has resulted in a vast amount of waste, leading to challenges for the development of an economically feasible conversion of palm oil waste into useful products. This review focuses on exploring the various conversion processes of the liquid waste produced from the palm oil processing industry. The main treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), which can be separated into fiber, wastewater, residual oils, and other impurities, involves a digestion process which produces biogas, while the fiber and other impurities are often converted into animal feed, soil fertilizer, fermentation media, and yeast production. Residual oil found in POME, known as Sludge Palm Oil (SPO), contains high levels of free fatty acid (FFA). Other residual oils resulting from palm oil refining include Palm Fatty Acid Distilled (PFAD) and Palm Acid Oil (PAO) that also have a high FFA content. The transesterification and esterification processes are utilized to convert SPO, PFAD and PAO into fuel.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author