An Empirical Study of Relationship between Compensation, Working Environment and Motivation of Employees in Banking Sector of Pakistan

This study scrutinizes the relationship of the compensation and the working environment to the motivation of employees in banking sector of Pakistan. Based upon the working environment and compensation it was empirically analyzed that, these two factors have significant and positive relationship with the motivation of banking sector employees. Consequently motivation increases through good working environment and the satisfactory compensation structure. A well structured questionnaire has been used as a tool for data collection. The primary data has been taken from 150 respondents to explore the relationship among variable. Results, conclusion, recommendations, limitations and future research directions have mentioned for future practitioners. Keywords: Compensation; Working Environment; Motivation; Banking sector, Pakistan

Linearizability of Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations Obtained by Complex Symmetry Analysis

Five equivalence classes had been found for systems of two second-order ordinary differential equations, transformable to linear equations (linearizable systems) by a change of variables. An "optimal (or simplest) canonical form" of linear systems had been established to obtain the symmetry structure, namely with 5, 6, 7, 8 and 15 dimensional Lie algebras. For those systems that arise from a scalar complex second-order ordinary differential equation, treated as a pair of real ordinary differential equations, a "reduced optimal canonical form" is obtained. This form yields three of the five equivalence classes of linearizable systems of two dimensions. We show that there exist 6, 7 and 15-dimensional algebras for these systems and illustrate our results with examples

Classification of Water using Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System

The basic reason to conduct the research and state the problems regarding the contaminated water is to highlight the basic elements that should be available in water and some that are not, to a ratio that the water is declared safe for drinking. To do so we will keep account of the basic elements in water, odor, taste, hardness, pH level and color of water by following the guidelines given by World Health Organization (WHO) and researches conducted in past on the safe drinking water in Pakistan. Our basic objective is to conclude these mention factors are either in the range of safety parameters or not and also set some of the parameter on which the previous researches in Pakistan are lacking. In past researches the methods used to calculate the values of water were manual but for our research we will use significant software tool for calculations because we want zero tolerance in the output values of elements in the water up to the safety level . The method proposed for this type of research is Fuzzification to calculate the values and measurements of the proposed problem. In this research we areusing our computer science expertise combined with mathematical knowledge to provide the solution and these things that set our project apart

Molecular Genetic Analysis of Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly in Pakistani Kindreds

Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a rare genetic disorder in which the afflicted individuals have head circumference more than 3 SDs below the age- and sex-related mean. The reduced head circumference is due to a small but architecturally normal cerebral cortex. MCPH is characterized by a pronounced heterogeneity with seven loci, designated MCPH1-7, have already been identified. The underlying genetic defects were found in the following seven genes, MCPH1, WDR62, CDK5RAP2, CEP152, ASPM, CENPJ, and STIL/SIL. The incidence of this disorder is highest in Pakistan (Woods et al., 2005). Here, I ascertained thirty families with MCPH from various regions of Pakistan. Homozygosity mapping revealed linkage in 19 families to the MCPH5 locus, in 2 to MCPH2, in 2 to MCPH4, in 1 to MCPH1, in 1 to MCPH6, and in 5 families linkage to all known MCPH loci was excluded. Families linked to the MCPH1, MCPH2, MCPH5, and MCPH6 loci were also subjected to direct genomic sequencing of the corresponding genes, i.e. MCPH1, WDR62, ASPM, and CENPJ, respectively. This revealed one, two, and nine novel mutations in MCPH1, WDR62, and ASPM, respectively. Genome-wide linkage analysis in the 5 families previously excluded to be linked to any of the known loci resulted in 5 different new gene loci, MCPH8-MCPH12, situated on different chromosomes. For two of the five new loci, namely MCPH8 on chromosome 7q21-q22 (LOD score 10.47) and MCPH9 on chromosome 4p14-4q12 (LOD score 2.53), the causative genes could be identified. Positional candidate gene sequencing revealed mutations in CDK6 (c.589G>A, p.A197T) at the MCPH8 locus and in CEP135 (c.970delC, p.Gln324Serfs*2) at the MCPH9 locus as the most likely pathogenic variants. These variants were not found in 768 chromosomes from healthy Pakistani controls. These two novel MCPH proteins cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) and a centrosomal protein of 135kDa (CEP135) presented as transient or permanent components of the centrosome. Cdk6 and Cep135 showed a high expression level in the developing neuroepithelium of the mouse cerebral cortex of E11.5 and E15.5 embryos. In human cell lines, the localization of CDK6 at the spindle pole was observed. Primary fibroblasts of the patient with the CDK6 mutation failed to grow normally and showed an aberrant nuclear shape as well as centrosome-nucleus distance. CDK6 suppression by shRNA mimicked the defects in cell proliferation, nuclear shape, and microtubule organization. Likewise, overexpression of mutant CDK6 resulted in the production of multiple centrosomes and disorganised microtubules. Primary fibroblasts of the patient with the CEP135 mutation showed multiple and fragmented centrosomes, a disorganised microtubule system, misshapen and fragmented nuclei, and sometimes a complete loss of centrosomes. Altered levels of wild-type and mutant CEP135 protein by overexpression caused disorganization of microtubules, while overexpression of mutant CEP135 showed also multiple centrosomes observed before in the patient’s primary fibroblasts. Based on the data on CDK6, I propose that mutation p.A197T may lead to a reduced cell proliferation and may also affect the correct functioning of the centrosome in microtubule organisation and its positioning near the nucleus. The abnormal centrosome number associated with mutant CEP135 strengthens its role in centriole biogenesis, whereas a disorganisation of the microtubule network points to its role at the centrosome as a microtubule organising center. The data obtained lend further support to the hypothesis that the exquisite control of the cleavage furrow orientation in mammalian neural precursor cell mitosis, controlled in great part by the centrosomes and spindle poles, is critical in the etiology of MCPH (Fish et al., 2006, Thornton and Woods, 2009)

Bank-related, Industry-related and Macroeconomic Factors Affecting Bank Profitability: A Case of the United Kingdom

This paper investigates the impact of bank-specific, industry-specific, and macroeconomic variables on bank profitability before, during, and after the financial crisis of 2008. For this purpose, 73 UK commercial banks are selected on the basis of availability of required information. The empirical data for these banks are collected for the period from 2006 to 2012 from Bankscope and Data-stream databases. The regression and correlation analyses are performed on the data and concluded that bank size, capital ratio, loan, deposits, liquidity, and interest rate have positive impact on ROA and ROE while GDP and inflation rate have negative impact. The findings of this study can help UK banks, government, investors, policymakers, and shareholders for decision making and improving the performance of financial institutions in the future. Keywords: Profitability indicators, bank profitability, UK banking secto