3 research outputs found
Percutaneous coronary intervention in Europe 1992-2003
peer reviewedAims: The purpose of this registry is to collect data on trends in interventional cardiology within Europe.
Special interest focuses on relative increases and ratios in newer revascularization approaches and its distribution
in different regions in Europe. We report the data of the year 2003 and give an overview of the
development of coronary interventions since 1992, when the first data collection was performed.
Methods and results: Questionnaires were distributed yearly to delegates of all national societies of cardiology
represented in the European Society of Cardiology to collect the case numbers of all local institutions
and operators. The overall numbers of coronary angiographies increased from 1992 to 2003 from 684,000
to 1,993,000 (from 1,250 to 3,500 per million inhabitants). The respective numbers for percutaneous
coronary interventions (PCI-coronary angioplasty) and coronary stenting procedures increased from
184,000 to 733,000 (from 335 to 1,300) and from 3,000 to 610,000 (from 5 to 1,100), respectively.
Germany has been the most active country for the past years with 653,000 angiographies (7,800),
222,000 angioplasties (2,500), and 180,000 stenting procedures (2,200) in 2003. The indication has shifted
towards acute coronary syndromes, as demonstrated by raising rates of interventions for acute myocardial
infarction over the last decade. The procedures are more readily performed and safer, as shown by
increasing rate of “ad hoc” PCI and decreasing need for emergency coronary artery bypass surgery
(CABG). In 2003, use of drug-eluting stents had further increased. However, an enormous variability is
reported with the highest rate in Portugal (55%).
Conclusion: Interventional cardiology in Europe is still expanding, mainly but not exclusively due to rapid
growth in the eastern European countries. A number of new coronary revascularization procedures introduced
over the years have all but disappeared. Only stenting has experienced an exponential growth. The
same can be forecast for drug-eluting stenting
Modification of caffeine effects on the affect-modulated startle by neuropeptide S receptor gene variation
Both the neuropeptide S (NPS) system and antagonism at the adenosine A2A receptor (e.g., by caffeine) were found to play a crucial role in the mediation of arousal and anxiety/panic in animal and human studies. Furthermore, a complex interaction of the neuropeptide S and the adenosinergic system has been suggested with administration of the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist caffeine downregulating NPS levels (Lage et al., 2006) and attenuating the stimulatory effects of NPS in rodents (Boeck et al., 2010).Thus, in the present study, the impact of the functional neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR) A/T (Asn(107)Ile; rs324981) variant on affect-modulated (neutral, unpleasant, and pleasant IAPS pictures) startle response depending on the administration of 300 mg caffeine citrate was investigated in a sample of 124 (m?=?58, f?=?66) healthy probands using a double-blind, placebo-controlled design.ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between NPSR genotype, challenge condition, and picture valence. Comparing startle magnitudes upon stimulation with neutral or emotional pictures between the placebo and caffeine condition, in AA/AT non-risk genotype carriers no significant difference was discerned, while TT risk genotype carriers showed a significantly increased startle magnitude in response to neutral stimuli (p?=?.02) and a significantly decreased startle magnitude in response to unpleasant stimuli (p?=?.02) in the caffeine condition as compared to the placebo condition.In summary, the present findings - extending previous evidence from rodent studies - for the first time provide support for a complex, non-linear interaction of the neuropeptide S and adenosinergic systems affecting the affect-modulated startle response as an intermediate phenotype of anxiety in humans