Editorial

Este Volumen 9, número 2 de la Revista Publicitas: Comunicación y Cultura del Departamento Publicidad e Imagen de la Universidad de Santiago de Chile, se publica gracias a las contribuciones de investigadores, académicos, profesionales y estudiantes del ámbito de la comunicación y disciplinas afines

EDITORIAL

EDITORIA

Potencialidades de la Concertación Política entre Cuba y CARICOM1

In the Caribbean, Cuba has potentialities that can be developed through political consultation, in the commercialsphere, but later they can be expanded to other spheres. In itself, political agreement has alreadystrengthened relations in our Caribbean, hence the importance of deepening the concepts related to theprocesses of agreement and integration, which give way to the construction of a complementarity at theservice of the development of our peoples.En el seno del Caribe, Cuba tiene potencialidades que puede desarrollar mediante instrumentos políticos,en el área comercial, pero más adelante puede ampliarse a otras esferas. De por sí, ya la concertaciónpolítica ha permitido estrechar relaciones en nuestro Caribe, de allí la importancia de profundizar en losconceptos relacionados con estos procesos, que den paso a la construcción de una complementariedadal servicio del desarrollo de nuestros pueblos

LA COMPRENSIÓN LECTORA EN ESTUDIANTES DE UNIVERSIDADES DE CUATRO ZONAS GEOGRÁFICAS DIFERENCIADAS DEL PAÍS

The present descriptive comparative research aims to determine the levels of reading comprehension in university students from different regions of the Perú. We worked with a sample of 256 first-year undergraduate students from four different geographical areas of the country (Lima, Callao, Huancayo and Iquitos). Likewise, an Ad hoc test (authors: Héctor Hugo Sánchez Carlessi and Úrsula Isabel Romani Miranda) of reading comprehension was applied to four texts, which presented one literal level question, two inferential or interpretive level questions and two critical-reflective questions evaluated digitally. The results were processed with the SPSS 26 program and it showed us that there are no significant differences in the four regions, regardless of whether they are national or private universities in terms of their reading comprehension levels. However, there are significant differences between the group made up of students from private universities and the group made up of students from public universities. Likewise, the test results show a significant difference with respect to the results of Text 1 and Text 4 where students from the private university group have a significantly higher score. Finally, a public university has higher scores in reading comprehension.La presente investigación de carácter descriptivo comparativo tiene como objetivo general determinar los niveles de comprensión lectora en estudiantes universitarios de diferentes regiones del país. Se trabajó con una muestra de 256 estudiantes de pregrado primer año de cuatro zonas geográficas diferenciadas del país (Lima, Callao, Huancayo e Iquitos). Asimismo, se aplicó una prueba Ad hoc (autores: Héctor Hugo Sánchez Carlessi y Úrsula Isabel Romani Miranda) de comprensión lectora de cuatro textos los mismos que presentaron una pregunta de nivel literal, dos de nivel inferencial o interpretativa y dos preguntas críticas – reflexivas evaluada de manera digital. Los resultados se procesaron con el programa SPSS 26 y nos mostró que no existen diferencias significativas en las cuatro regiones al margen de ser universidades nacionales o privadas en cuanto a sus niveles de comprensión lectora. Sin embargo, sí existen diferencias significativas entre el grupo conformado por estudiantes de universidades privadas y el grupo conformado por estudiantes de universidades públicas. Asimismo, los resultados de las pruebas muestran una diferencia significativa respecto a los resultados del Texto 1 y del Texto 4 donde los estudiantes del grupo de universidades privadas cuentan con un puntaje significativamente mayor. Finalmente, una universidad pública tiene puntajes más altos en comprensión lectora

Patient Blood Management Bundles to Facilitate Implementation.

More than 30% of the world's population are anemic with serious economic consequences including reduced work capacity and other obstacles to national welfare and development. Red blood cell transfusion is the mainstay to correct anemia, but it is also 1 of the top 5 overused procedures. Patient blood management (PBM) is a proactive, patient-centered, and multidisciplinary approach to manage anemia, optimize hemostasis, minimize iatrogenic blood loss, and harness tolerance to anemia. Although the World Health Organization has endorsed PBM in 2010, many hospitals still seek guidance with the implementation of PBM in clinical routine. Given the use of proven change management principles, we propose simple, cost-effective measures enabling any hospital to reduce both anemia and red blood cell transfusions in surgical and medical patients. This article provides comprehensive bundles of PBM components encompassing 107 different PBM measures, divided into 6 bundle blocks acting as a working template to develop institutions' individual PBM practices for hospitals beginning a program or trying to improve an already existing program. A stepwise selection of the most feasible measures will facilitate the implementation of PBM. In this manner, PBM represents a new quality and safety standard

Acceso cliente de forma segura a los servicios de un PCMAAA a través de la tecnología inalámbrica

El tiempo es un recurso crítico en el ámbito militar, por ello es importante que un usuario que se encuentra en un Puesto de Mando acceda a los sistemas de información de forma rápida y segura sin necesidad de esperar a que se realicen complejas instalaciones de cableado. Esta necesidad se incrementa debido a la gran cantidad de sistemas de información y usuarios desplegados en un Puesto de Mando de Defensa Antiaérea, que comprende sistemas clasificados y sin clasificar El hecho de poder acceder de forma inalámbrica a los servicios del Puesto de Mando (proporcionando así una mayor rapidez en el acceso a los sistemas) supone un gran avance de cara a un aumento en la flexibilidad de la maniobra, disminuyendo la cantidad de material físico a instalar o recoger y , por ende, reduciéndose el tiempo total necesario para poner en marcha una red o realizar modificaciones de su distribución. El objetivo de este Trabajo de Fin de Grado es realizar un estudio detallado del hardware y software necesarios para crear una red inalámbrica entre los clientes y los servidores de un Puesto de Mando de Artillería Antiaérea y establecer los criterios de seguridad adecuados para la transmisión de datos clasificados y no clasificados por dicha red. Se pretende que la red inalámbrica tenga el nivel de seguridad necesario para aprobar las evaluaciones que dan acceso a la obtención de certificaciones de seguridad expedidas por el Centro Criptológico Nacional. Dichas certificaciones dan luz verde a su implantación.<br /

Assessment of Chemical Inhibitor Addition to Improve the Gas Production from Biowaste

The coexistence of sulphate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea in the reactors during the anaerobic digestion from sulphate-containing waste could favor the accumulation of sulfide on the biogas, and therefore reduce its quality. In this study, the effect of sulphate-reducing bacteria inhibitor (MoO−2 4 ) addition in a two phase system from sulphate-containing municipal solid waste to improve the quality of the biogas has been investigated. The results showed that although SRB and sulphide production decreased, the use of inhibitor was not effective to improve the anaerobic digestion in a two phase system from sulphate-containing waste, since a significant decrease on biogas and organic matter removal were observed. Before MoO−2 4 addition the average values of volatile solid were around 12 g/kg, after 5 days of inhibitor use, those values did exceed to 28 g/kg. Molybdate caused acidification in the reactor and it was according to decrease in the pH values. In relation to microbial consortia, the effect of inhibitor was a decrease in Bacteria (44%; 60% in sulphate-reducing bacteria) and Archaea (38%) population

Structure–properties relationships in fibre drawing of bioactive phosphate glasses

New bioactive phosphate glasses suitable for continuous fibre production are investigated in this work. The structure of both bulk and fibres from Na2O–CaO–MgO–P2O5 glasses has been studied by means of Raman and 31P and 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and the structural results have been correlated with the mechanical properties of the fibres and the dissolution rate of the bulk glasses. It has been observed that the mechanical properties of the phosphate glass fibres are influenced by the glass network connectivity, while the dissolution rates are governed by the Qi speciation of the PO4 units. As seen in previous studies, molar volume seems to play an important role in the fragility behaviour of phosphate glasses. Here, a lower molar volume resulting from the increase in the oxygen packing density hinders the cooperative flow of the PO4 units throughout the glass network and, therefore, causes a reduction in the kinetic fragility

A new method to quantify and compare the multiple components of fitness-A study case with kelp niche partition by divergent microstage adaptations to Temperature

Point 1 Management of crops, commercialized or protected species, plagues or life-cycle evolution are subjects requiring comparisons among different demographic strategies. The simpler methods fail in relating changes in vital rates with changes in population viability whereas more complex methods lack accuracy by neglecting interactions among vital rates. Point 2 The difference between the fitness (evaluated by the population growth rate.) of two alternative demographies is decomposed into the contributions of the differences between the pair-wised vital rates and their interactions. This is achieved through a full Taylor expansion (i.e. remainder = 0) of the demographic model. The significance of each term is determined by permutation tests under the null hypothesis that all demographies come from the same pool. Point 3 An example is given with periodic demographic matrices of the microscopic haploid phase of two kelp cryptic species observed to partition their niche occupation along the Chilean coast. The method provided clear and synthetic results showing conditional differentiation of reproduction is an important driver for their differences in fitness along the latitudinal temperature gradient. But it also demonstrated that interactions among vital rates cannot be neglected as they compose a significant part of the differences between demographies. Point 4 This method allows researchers to access the effects of multiple effective changes in a life-cycle from only two experiments. Evolutionists can determine with confidence the effective causes for changes in fitness whereas population managers can determine best strategies from simpler experimental designs.CONICYT-FRENCH EMBASSADY Ph.D. gran