Globalization and the Rise of Militant Islamic Social Movement Organizations: The Case of UAMSHO (Awakening) Group in Zanzibar.

This dissertation set out to explore how specific aspects of globalization affect the growth and development of particular militant neo-fundamentalist social movements and in what ways globalization affect the resources and collective identity of these movements. To examine this, I conducted ethnographic and archival research and in-depth interviews with 40 activists in the UAMSHO (AWAKENING) group in Zanzibar, which is associated with the rise of violent activities since the first multiparty elections, held in 1995. Most of these activities have been associated with the UAMSHO (AWAKENING) group, that adheres to strict neo-fundamentalist views of Islam, and which calls for Zanzibar to secede from Tanzania, the union with the mainland. In this research, I found that in the context of political turmoil and economic challenges, resource flows from both public and private financiers from the Middle-Eastern States, has deeply shaped UAMSHO\u27s collective identity and mobilization patterns that has increasingly emphasized on revolutionary Islamic neo-fundamentalism ideals

The growth of regionalism in Sub-Saharan Africa

In this thesis I will explain how Sub-Saharan Africa has struggled through globalization and interdependence. I will discuss the major theories, which have evolved in the integration literature since the 1960\u27s after the independence of these former colonies. In addition, I will show how scholars in the field of international relations and cooperation have attempted to define and redefine Integration and resolved conceptual confusion facing students and scholars in this field. Furthermore, I will show why the applicability of traditional integration theories, which have worked well in such regions as Europe, and applied in Sub-Saharan Africa, failed to produce the same satisfactory results. Also, I will discuss the ideas of some integration theorists from Sub-Saharan Africa, who came with their own frameworks for the integration to work in the region. I will explain the applicability of other frameworks such as dependency theories and developmentalism, which have been used to explain Third world conditions, Sub-Saharan Africa in particular. Further, I will explain why integration among developing countries depends on the effects of successful creation of regional markets (whether they are bilateral or multilateral) and the prospective gains from trade liberalization. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Effective Smoking Cessation Methods among Smokers with Diabetes in NV

Smoking and diabetes could both be prevented if individuals would abstain from smoking, eat healthy, and exercise regularly. Smokers with diabetes have an increased risk of serious health outcomes, hence effective smoking cessation interventions are critical. The transtheoretical model was used in this quantitative study analyzing secondary data from the state of Nevada Quitline to examine the relationships between smoking cessation method (counseling versus counseling and medication) and quitting smoking for 720 smokers with/without diabetes. Participants were Nevada residents, ages 18+, men and women, English or Spanish speakers. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and a test of two proportions were conducted. The majority of the participants had not quit (67.5%). Quit rates did not differ between smokers with/without diabetes, however, individuals who received counseling and medication were 1.94 times as likely to quit compared to those who received counseling alone. Among diabetes smokers, age was significantly related to quit status; for every 1 year, the likelihood of quitting increased by 1.03 times; and Hispanics were 7.50 times more likely to quit smoking compared to Caucasians. Findings from this study could help healthcare providers, public health practitioners, and scholars develop effective smoking cessation programs to meet the needs of smokers with diabetes

The Numbers Behind Mushroom Biodiversity

Fungi are among the most diverse groups of organisms on Earth. with a global diversity estimated at 0.8 million to 5.1 million species. They play fundamental ecological roles as decomposers, mutualists, and pathogens, growing in almost all habitats and being important as sources of food and health benefits, income, and to maintain forest health. Global assessment of wild edible fungi indicate the existence of 2327 useful wild species; 2166 edible and 1069 used as food; 470 medicinal species. Several million tonnes are collected, consumed, and sold each year in over 80 countries. The major mushroom-producing countries in 2012 were China, Italy, USA, and The Netherlands, with 80% of the world production, 64% of which came from China. The European Union produces 24% of the world production. Italy is the largest European producer, Poland is the largest exporter, UK the largest importer.Fungi are difficult to preserve and fossilize and due to the poor preservation of most fungal structures, it has been difficult to interpret the fossil record of fungi. Hyphae, the vegetative bodies of fungi, bear few distinctive morphological characteristicss, and organisms as diverse as cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algal groups, and oomycetes can easily be mistaken for them (Taylor & Taylor 1993). Fossils provide minimum ages for divergences and genetic lineages can be much older than even the oldest fossil representative found. According to Berbee and Taylor (2010), molecular clocks (conversion of molecular changes into geological time) calibrated by fossils are the only available tools to estimate timing of evolutionary events in fossil‐poor groups, such as fungi. The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiotic fungi from the division Glomeromycota, generally accepted as the phylogenetic sister clade to the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, have left the most ancient fossils in the Rhynie Chert of Aberdeenshire in the north of Scotland (400 million years old). The Glomeromycota and several other fungi have been found associated with the preserved tissues of early vascular plants (Taylor et al. 2004a). Fossil spores from these shallow marine sediments from the Ordovician that closely resemble Glomeromycota spores and finely branched hyphae arbuscules within plant cells were clearly preserved in cells of stems of a 400 Ma primitive land plant, Aglaophyton, from Rhynie chert 455–460 Ma in age (Redecker et al. 2000; Remy et al. 1994) and from roots from the Triassic (250–199 Ma) (Berbee & Taylor 2010; Stubblefield et al. 1987).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

What Diversity Means to Undergraduate Health Science Students

The concept of diversity is ever changing regarding how populations perceive the definition. This project assessed how health-science college students perceive the definition and context of diversity in their personal and professional lives. Using qualitative analysis approach with 112 participants we found out that diversity was perceived to be an accumulation of various factors, i.e. education, religion, color though other factors such as age, gender, language, cultures were also considered. Such results highlight that students have varied definitions of diversity and hence formalized training in core courses on diversity in the context of serving in the healthcare field is essential

Editorial: Africa's Mushrooms: A neglected bioresource whose time has come

No Abstract Available Discovery and Innovation Vol.15(3&4) 2003:121-12