CISH constrains the tuft-ILC2 circuit to set epithelial and immune tone.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are tissue-resident effectors poised to activate rapidly in response to local signals such as cytokines. To preserve homeostasis, ILCs must employ multiple pathways, including tonic suppressive mechanisms, to regulate their primed state and prevent inappropriate activation and immunopathology. Such mechanisms remain incompletely characterized. Here we show that cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CISH), a suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family member, is highly and constitutively expressed in type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Mice that lack CISH either globally or conditionally in ILC2s show increased ILC2 expansion and activation, in association with reduced expression of genes inhibiting cell-cycle progression. Augmented proliferation and activation of CISH-deficient ILC2s increases basal and inflammation-induced numbers of intestinal tuft cells and accelerates clearance of the model helminth, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, but compromises innate control of Salmonella typhimurium. Thus, CISH constrains ILC2 activity both tonically and after perturbation, and contributes to the regulation of immunity in mucosal tissue

CISH constrains the tuft–ILC2 circuit to set epithelial and immune tone

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are tissue-resident effectors poised to activate rapidly in response to local signals such as cytokines. To preserve homeostasis, ILCs must employ multiple pathways, including tonic suppressive mechanisms, to regulate their primed state and prevent inappropriate activation and immunopathology. Such mechanisms remain incompletely characterized. Here we show that cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CISH), a suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family member, is highly and constitutively expressed in type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Mice that lack CISH either globally or conditionally in ILC2s show increased ILC2 expansion and activation, in association with reduced expression of genes inhibiting cell-cycle progression. Augmented proliferation and activation of CISH-deficient ILC2s increases basal and inflammation-induced numbers of intestinal tuft cells and accelerates clearance of the model helminth, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, but compromises innate control of Salmonella typhimurium. Thus, CISH constrains ILC2 activity both tonically and after perturbation, and contributes to the regulation of immunity in mucosal tissue

Interferon gamma constrains type 2 lymphocyte niche boundaries during mixed inflammation.

Allergic immunity is orchestrated by group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and type 2 helper T (Th2) cells prominently arrayed at epithelial- and microbial-rich barriers. However, ILC2s and Th2 cells are also present in fibroblast-rich niches within the adventitial layer of larger vessels and similar boundary structures in sterile deep tissues, and it remains unclear whether they undergo dynamic repositioning during immune perturbations. Here, we used thick-section quantitative imaging to show that allergic inflammation drives invasion of lung and liver non-adventitial parenchyma by ILC2s and Th2 cells. However, during concurrent type 1 and type 2 mixed inflammation, IFNγ from broadly distributed type 1 lymphocytes directly blocked both ILC2 parenchymal trafficking and subsequent cell survival. ILC2 and Th2 cell confinement to adventitia limited mortality by the type 1 pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Our results suggest that the topography of tissue lymphocyte subsets is tightly regulated to promote appropriately timed and balanced immunity

VizieR Online Data Catalog Optical and IR photometry of OGLE-2017-BLG-0406 (Hirao+, 2020)

The microlensing event OGLE-2017-BLG-0406 was first discovered on March 27 (HJD'=HJD-2450000=7839) by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) collaboration. The event lies in the OGLE-IV field BLG506, and the observations were conducted at the cadence of once per hour by using the 1.3m Warsaw telescope located at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. The Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics (MOA) group independently discovered this event on May 5 (HJD'=7879) by using the MOA alert system. MOA observed this event with 15 minutes cadence by using MOA-II telescope at Mt. John University Observatory in New Zealand. The event was also independently discovered by the Korean Microlensing Network (KMTNet) survey using its post-season event finder. KMTNet observes toward the Galactic bulge by using three 1.6m telescopes at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile (CTIO: KMT-C), and the South African Astronomical Observatory in South Africa (SAAO: KMT-S). Because this event was in an overlapping region between two fields (KMTNet BLG02 and BLG42), the observations were conducted at a 15minute cadence. On June 2 (HJD'=7907), the Microlensing Follow-up Network (μFUN) collaboration, the Microlensing Network for the Detection of Small Terrestrial Exoplanet (MiNDSTEp) collaboration and Las Cumbres Observatory (LCO) global network of telescope collaboration started high-cadence follow-up observations. μFUN used the following telescopes: the 1.3m CTIO telescope in Chile, the 0.41m Auckland telescope and the 0.36m Farm Cove telescope in New Zealand, and the 0.30m Perth Exoplanet Survey Telescope (PEST), and the 0.25m Craigie telescope in Australia. MiNDSTEp used the 1.54m Danish Telescope at La Silla Observatory in Chile. LCO used the 1.0m telescopes at CTIO in Chile and at SSO in Australia. We also obtained three near-infrared images taken at different epochs (HJD'~7911, 7918 and 7942). The observations were made with SIRIUS, a simultaneous imager in J, H, and KS bands, covering an area 7.7x.7 arcmin2 with a pixel scale of 0.45" on the 1.4m InfraRed Survey Facility (IRSF) telescope at SAAO. OGLE-2017-BLG-0406 was observed by the Spitzer space telescope with the 3.6μm (L-band) channel of the IRAC camera. Spitzer started to observe this event on June 26 (HJD'=7931). (17 data files)...

VizieR Online Data Catalog Optical and IR photometry of OGLE-2017-BLG-0406 (Hirao+, 2020)

The microlensing event OGLE-2017-BLG-0406 was first discovered on March 27 (HJD'=HJD-2450000=7839) by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) collaboration. The event lies in the OGLE-IV field BLG506, and the observations were conducted at the cadence of once per hour by using the 1.3m Warsaw telescope located at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. The Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics (MOA) group independently discovered this event on May 5 (HJD'=7879) by using the MOA alert system. MOA observed this event with 15 minutes cadence by using MOA-II telescope at Mt. John University Observatory in New Zealand. The event was also independently discovered by the Korean Microlensing Network (KMTNet) survey using its post-season event finder. KMTNet observes toward the Galactic bulge by using three 1.6m telescopes at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile (CTIO: KMT-C), and the South African Astronomical Observatory in South Africa (SAAO: KMT-S). Because this event was in an overlapping region between two fields (KMTNet BLG02 and BLG42), the observations were conducted at a 15minute cadence. On June 2 (HJD'=7907), the Microlensing Follow-up Network (μFUN) collaboration, the Microlensing Network for the Detection of Small Terrestrial Exoplanet (MiNDSTEp) collaboration and Las Cumbres Observatory (LCO) global network of telescope collaboration started high-cadence follow-up observations. μFUN used the following telescopes: the 1.3m CTIO telescope in Chile, the 0.41m Auckland telescope and the 0.36m Farm Cove telescope in New Zealand, and the 0.30m Perth Exoplanet Survey Telescope (PEST), and the 0.25m Craigie telescope in Australia. MiNDSTEp used the 1.54m Danish Telescope at La Silla Observatory in Chile. LCO used the 1.0m telescopes at CTIO in Chile and at SSO in Australia. We also obtained three near-infrared images taken at different epochs (HJD'~7911, 7918 and 7942). The observations were made with SIRIUS, a simultaneous imager in J, H, and KS bands, covering an area 7.7x.7 arcmin2 with a pixel scale of 0.45" on the 1.4m InfraRed Survey Facility (IRSF) telescope at SAAO. OGLE-2017-BLG-0406 was observed by the Spitzer space telescope with the 3.6μm (L-band) channel of the IRAC camera. Spitzer started to observe this event on June 26 (HJD'=7931). (17 data files)...