Leczenie przewlekłej obturacyjnej choroby płuc - bronchodylatacja i przeciwzapalna farmakoterapia celowana

Currently available pharmacological treatment of COPD relies mostly on prophylaxis (smoking cessation) and symptomatic treatment, i.e. inhaled anticholinergic agents, β2-agonists and phosphodiesterase inhibitors, aiming in their bronchodilatation capacity. Inhaled corticosteroid therapy is mainly prescribed in far advanced stages of the disease and its role in disease modification is still controversial. The authors analize currently available treatment modalities with regards to their potential anti-inflammatory and pleiotropic mode of action, which may lead to disease course modification. Pneumonol. Alergol. Pol. 2011; 79, 1: 32-38Stosowane obecnie farmakologiczne leczenie POChP opiera się na profilaktyce - terapii antynikotynowej oraz leczeniu objawowym, czyli stosowaniu wziewnych leków antycholinergicznych, β2-agonistów, inhibitorów fosfodiesterazy, głównie pod kątem ich skuteczności bronchodylatacyjnej. W zaawansowanym stadium stabilnej choroby zaleca się leczenie wziewnymi steroidami kory nadnerczy, chociaż ich wpływ na przebieg choroby w dalszym ciagu wzbudza kontrowersje. Autorzy niniejszej pracy zanalizowali wybrane grupy leków stosowanych w POChP pod kątem ich potencjalnego mechanizmu działania przeciwzapalnego i plejotropowego, który może mieć wpływ na modyfikację przebiegu choroby. Pneumonol. Alergol. Pol. 2011; 79, 1: 32-3

Initial Visible and Mid-IR Characterization of P/2019 LD₂ (ATLAS), an Active Transitioning Centaur Among the Trojans, with Hubble, Spitzer, ZTF, Keck, APO and GROWTH Imaging and Spectroscopy

We present visible and mid-infrared imagery and photometry of Jovian co-orbital comet P/2019 LD₂ (ATLAS) taken with Hubble Space Telescope/WFC3 on 2020 April 1, Spitzer Space Telescope/IRAC on 2020 January 25, Zwicky Transient Facility between 2019 April 9 and 2019 Nov 8 and the GROWTH telescope network from 2020 May to July, as well as visible spectroscopy from Keck/LRIS on 2020 August 19. Our observations indicate that LD₂ has a nucleus with radius 0.2-1.8 km assuming a 0.08 albedo and that the coma is dominated by ∼100 μ m-scale dust ejected at ∼1 m/s speeds with a ∼1" jet pointing in the SW direction. LD₂ experienced a total dust mass loss of ∼10⁸ kg and dust mass loss rate of ∼6 kg/s with Afρ/cross-section varying between ∼85 cm/125 km² and ∼200 cm/310 km² between 2019 April 9 and 2019 Nov 8. If the Afρ/cross-section increase remained constant, it implies that LD₂ has remained active since ∼2018 November when it came within 4.8 au of the Sun, a typical distance for comets to begin sublimation of H₂O. From our 4.5 μm Spitzer observations, we set a limit on CO/CO₂ gas production of ∼10²⁷/∼10²⁶ mol/s. Multiple bandpass photometry of LD₂ taken by the GROWTH network measured in a 10,000 km aperture provide color measurements of g-r = 0.59±0.03, r-i = 0.18±0.05, and i-z = 0.01±0.07, colors typical of comets. We set a spectroscopic upper limit to the production of H₂O gas of ∼80 kg/s. Improving the orbital solution for LD₂ with our observations, we determine that the long-term orbit of LD₂ is that of a typical Jupiter Family Comet having close encounters with Jupiter coming within ∼0.5 Hill radius in the last ∼3 y to within 0.8 Hill radius in ∼9 y and has a 95% chance of being ejected from the Solar System in < 10 Myr

Kilonova Luminosity Function Constraints Based on Zwicky Transient Facility Searches for 13 Neutron Star Merger Triggers during O3

We present a systematic search for optical counterparts to 13 gravitational wave (GW) triggers involving at least one neutron star during LIGO/Virgo's third observing run (O3). We searched binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star black hole (NSBH) merger localizations with the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and undertook follow-up with the Global Relay of Observatories Watching Transients Happen (GROWTH) collaboration. The GW triggers had a median localization area of 4480 deg², a median distance of 267 Mpc, and false-alarm rates ranging from 1.5 to 10⁻²⁵ yr⁻¹. The ZTF coverage in the g and r bands had a median enclosed probability of 39%, median depth of 20.8 mag, and median time lag between merger and the start of observations of 1.5 hr. The O3 follow-up by the GROWTH team comprised 340 UltraViolet/Optical/InfraRed (UVOIR) photometric points, 64 OIR spectra, and three radio images using 17 different telescopes. We find no promising kilonovae (radioactivity-powered counterparts), and we show how to convert the upper limits to constrain the underlying kilonova luminosity function. Initially, we assume that all GW triggers are bona fide astrophysical events regardless of false-alarm rate and that kilonovae accompanying BNS and NSBH mergers are drawn from a common population; later, we relax these assumptions. Assuming that all kilonovae are at least as luminous as the discovery magnitude of GW170817 (−16.1 mag), we calculate that our joint probability of detecting zero kilonovae is only 4.2%. If we assume that all kilonovae are brighter than −16.6 mag (the extrapolated peak magnitude of GW170817) and fade at a rate of 1 mag day⁻¹ (similar to GW170817), the joint probability of zero detections is 7%. If we separate the NSBH and BNS populations based on the online classifications, the joint probability of zero detections, assuming all kilonovae are brighter than −16.6 mag, is 9.7% for NSBH and 7.9% for BNS mergers. Moreover, no more than 10⁻⁴, or φ > 30° to be consistent with our limits. We look forward to searches in the fourth GW observing run; even 17 neutron star mergers with only 50% coverage to a depth of −16 mag would constrain the maximum fraction of bright kilonovae to <25%

Skuteczna odpowiedź na leczenie pembrolizumabem w połączeniu z chemioterapią u starszej pacjentki z rozpoznaniem zaawansowanego płaskonabłonkowego raka płuca po wcześniejszym leczeniu raka endometrium i piersi

Leczenie skojarzone immunochemioterapią z zastosowaniem pembrolizumabu i leków cytostatycznych: karboplatyny z paklitakselem w pierwszej linii leczenia płaskonabłonkowego raka płuca jest skuteczną opcją terapeutyczną. W ramach programu lekowego NFZ stosowanie pembrolizumabu refundowane jest dla pacjentów niezależnie od wyniku ekspresji PD-L1 w komórkach guza. Można je stosować także u pacjentów wcześniej leczonych radykalnie z powodu innych nowotworów, którzy uzyskali odpowiedź kliniczną i długi okres remisji. Starszy wiek przy dobrym stopniu sprawności (ECOG 0, 1) nie powinien być czynnikiem dyskwalifikującym od leczenia immunokompetentnego