Predictors Of Non-Escherichia Coli Urinary Tract Infection

We aimed to determine which children are prone to non-Escherichia coli coli UTIs. We included 769 children with UTI. We found that circumcised males, Hispanic children, children without fever, and children with Grade 3–4 VUR were more likely to have a UTI caused by organisms other than E. coli. This information may guide clinicians in their choice of antimicrobial therapy

Predictors of Antimicrobial Resistance among Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infection in Children

To determine which children with urinary tract infection (UTI) are likely to have pathogens resistant to narrow-spectrum antimicrobials

Consensus Expert Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Management of Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease: Report of an International Conference

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD; MIM 263200) is a severe, typically early onset form of cystic disease that primarily involves the kidneys and biliary tract. Phenotypic expression and age at presentation can be quite variable1. The incidence of ARPKD is 1 in 20,000 live births2, and its pleotropic manifestations are potentially life-threatening. Optimal care requires proper surveillance to limit morbidity and mortality, knowledgeable approaches to diagnosis and treatment, and informed strategies to optimize quality of life. Clinical management therefore is ideally directed by multidisciplinary care teams consisting of perinatologists, neonatologists, nephrologists, hepatologists, geneticists, and behavioral specialists to coordinate patient care from the perinatal period to adulthood. In May 2013, an international team of 25 multidisciplinary specialists from the US, Canada, Germany, and the United Kingdom convened in Washington, DC, to review the literature published from 1990 to 2013 and to develop recommendations for diagnosis, surveillance, and clinical management. Identification of the gene PKHD1, and the significant advances in perinatal care, imaging, medical management, and behavioral therapies over the past decade, provide the foundational elements to define diagnostic criteria and establish clinical management guidelines as the first steps towards standardizing the clinical care for ARPKD patients. The key issues discussed included recommendations regarding perinatal interventions, diagnostic criteria, genetic testing, management of renal and biliary-associated morbidities, and behavioral assessment. The meeting was funded by the National Institutes of Health and an educational grant from the Polycystic Kidney Disease Foundation. Here we summarize the discussions and provide an updated set of diagnostic, surveillance, and management recommendations for optimizing the pediatric care of patients with ARPKD. Specialist care of ARPKD-related complications including dialysis, transplantation, and management of severe portal hypertension will be addressed in a subsequent report. Given the paucity of information regarding targeted therapies in ARPKD, this topic was not addressed in this conference.

Utility of sedation for young children undergoing dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scans

No studies have examined whether use of sedation during a Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scan reduces patient discomfort

Antimicrobial Resistance and Urinary Tract Infection Recurrence

The Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR) trial found that recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI) with resistant organisms were more common in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis (TSP) arm. We describe factors associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) resistance of rUTIs in RIVUR

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Children With Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction

Little generalizable information is available on the outcomes of children diagnosed with bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) after a urinary tract infection (UTI). Our objectives were to describe the clinical characteristics of children with BBD and to examine the effects of BBD on patient outcomes in children with and without vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)

The RIVUR Trial: Profile and Baseline Clinical Associations of Children With Vesicoureteral Reflux

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is diagnosed in ∼30% to 40% of children who have imaging studies after urinary tract infections (UTIs). Our goal is to characterize children enrolled in the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR) trial and to compare our study cohort with those from previously published studies

The Impact of Short Stature on Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease

To compare the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children with CKD and short stature (SS) to children with CKD and normal height (NH), to evaluate the impact of catch up growth and growth hormone use on HRQoL, and to describe the concordance of perceptions of HRQoL between children with SS and NH and their parents

Development and Impact of an Intervention to Boost Recruitment in a Multicenter Pediatric Randomized Clinical Trial

Our primary objective was to develop and evaluate an intervention to increase recruitment in a multi-center pediatric randomized clinical trial (RCT). Our secondary objective was to assess the impact beyond 120 days

Health-Related Quality of Life of Children With Mild to Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease

To compare the health related quality of life (HRQOL) of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to healthy children; to evaluate the association between CKD severity and HRQOL; to identity demographic, socioeconomic and health-status variables associated with impairment in HRQOL in children with mild to moderate CKD