Validity and Reliability of Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Persian Version (ASRS-V1.1-Persian)

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common mental disorder in adults. The objective of this study was to develop a valid Persian version of the 18-question ASRS-V1.1 according to WHO translation protocol and report its psychometric properties. Methods: In the first step, we translated the original 18-question ASRS-V1.1 version into Persian under the supervision of the WMH-CIDI advisory committee. The process of adaptation was consisting of forward-translation, expert panel evaluation, back translation, cross-cultural adaptation, pre-testing, and final adjustment. In the second step, we conducted a cross-sectional study with 734 students were studied in Shahroud in 2013. A sub-sample of subjects consists of 99 students were clinically interviewed according to DSM-IV-TR criteria by a well-trained physician. Results: The ASRS-V1.1-P had satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.85). Sensitivity and specificity for the first six questions of ASRS-V1.1-P were 50.0% (95% CI: 30.3-69.6) and 80.5% (95%CI: 70.7-88.3), respectively. Finally, 43 subjects (5.5%) were confirmed for adult ADHD. There was not sex predominance in the prevalence of ADHD. Conclusion: Totally, it may be concluded that adult ADHD is a common problem among students and prevention of this disorder is crucial to reduce the probable subsequent social, educational, and job problems in future. The 18-question ASRS-V1.1-P is a psychometrically reliable and valid measure for screening ADHD in adults.  Keywords:  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Screening, Adult, Validity

The effect of Mesalazine and Nortriptyline on Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea: A Randomized Clinical Trail

Background: The objective of this randomized trial was to compare the effects of mesalazine and nortriptyline on relief of abdominal pain, discomfort, abnormal bowel habits and quality of life in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Methods: In this triple blinded, randomized clinical trial, 44 patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea were randomly assigned to receive mesalazine (500 mg tablet orally, twice a day) or nortriptyline (10 mg tablet orally, once daily). IBS-D was diagnosed according to the Rome Ⅲ criteria. Before allocation, all patients completed the Beck questionnaire for screening for depression, and the informed consent form. Results: Change score for abdominal pain severity was significantly higher for mesalazine than for nortriptyline (208.5±80.9 V.s 146.8±105.6) and change score for days with pain was not significantly different between two arms (3.9±2.8 V.s 2.8±3.0). The results show that the change score of satisfaction with bowel habits (56.2±20.2 V.s 37.5±24.9) and quality of life (42.0±26.7 V.s 26.3±18.6) in the mesalazine-treated group is greater than in the nortriptyline group.Conclusions: This study showed that mesalazine, as an anti-inflammatory agent for treatment of IBS-D in patients without psychological disorders, is more effective than nortriptyline

Investigating the Relationship between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Drug Abuse: a Case-Control Study

Background: Hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common psychiatric disorders that can lead to negative consequences such as addiction in adolescence. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between addiction and hyperactivity disorder in Shahroud city.  Methods: This is a case-control study with sample size 240. The case group included methadone-treated addicted drug users and the control group including patients admitted to the surgical wards of Imam HosseinShahroud Hospital who have no addiction to any drugs.We used the Conges(CAAR-S: OV) short-acting diagnostic questionnaire ofadolesent (CAARS) for collectting information. For analysisng the data SPSS version 21 was used and significant level was considered (0.05). Results: This study included 150 controls and 90 cases. The age avrege of cases and controls was 36.97 ± 10.40 and 31.57 ± 10.46 years, respectively. Although case and control were statistically different in restlessness-hyperactivity(P = 0.034), they do not statistically differ in the presence of Hyperactivity Disorder (P = 0.911). Conclutions:Since in the present study, only the subgroup of restlessness-hyperactivity in the two groups was significantly different (the value was greater for the control group), it can be argued that the modesty of addicted persons is partially reduced by opiate

The effect of Mesalazine and Nortriptyline on Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea: A Randomized Clinical Trail

Background: The objective of this randomized trial was to compare the effects of mesalazine and nortriptyline on relief of abdominal pain, discomfort, abnormal bowel habits and quality of life in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Methods: In this triple blinded, randomized clinical trial, 44 patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea were randomly assigned to receive mesalazine (500 mg tablet orally, twice a day) or nortriptyline (10 mg tablet orally, once daily). IBS-D was diagnosed according to the Rome Ⅲ criteria. Before allocation, all patients completed the Beck questionnaire for screening for depression, and the informed consent form. Results: Change score for abdominal pain severity was significantly higher for mesalazine than for nortriptyline (208.5±80.9 V.s 146.8±105.6) and change score for days with pain was not significantly different between two arms (3.9±2.8 V.s 2.8±3.0). The results show that the change score of satisfaction with bowel habits (56.2±20.2 V.s 37.5±24.9) and quality of life (42.0±26.7 V.s 26.3±18.6) in the mesalazine-treated group is greater than in the nortriptyline group.Conclusions: This study showed that mesalazine, as an anti-inflammatory agent for treatment of IBS-D in patients without psychological disorders, is more effective than nortriptyline

Investigating the Relationship between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Drug Abuse: a Case-Control Study

Background: Hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common psychiatric disorders that can lead to negative consequences such as addiction in adolescence. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between addiction and hyperactivity disorder in Shahroud city.  Methods: This is a case-control study with sample size 240. The case group included methadone-treated addicted drug users and the control group including patients admitted to the surgical wards of Imam HosseinShahroud Hospital who have no addiction to any drugs.We used the Conges(CAAR-S: OV) short-acting diagnostic questionnaire ofadolesent (CAARS) for collectting information. For analysisng the data SPSS version 21 was used and significant level was considered (0.05). Results: This study included 150 controls and 90 cases. The age avrege of cases and controls was 36.97 ± 10.40 and 31.57 ± 10.46 years, respectively. Although case and control were statistically different in restlessness-hyperactivity(P = 0.034), they do not statistically differ in the presence of Hyperactivity Disorder (P = 0.911). Conclutions:Since in the present study, only the subgroup of restlessness-hyperactivity in the two groups was significantly different (the value was greater for the control group), it can be argued that the modesty of addicted persons is partially reduced by opiate

Internal Consistency of Persian Version of Falls Efficacy Scale and Activity-Specific Balance Scale

Background: Falls is worldwide health problem among older adults. Different scales have been introduced related to falls, including Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) and Activity-Specific Balance Scale (ABCS). Persian version of these scale needs to be assessed for internal consistency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the internal consistency of Persian version of FES and ABCS.Methods: In this pilot descriptive cross-sectional study, subjects (n=20) were selected by convenient sampling from elderly community dwellers. Prior to assessing the internal consistency, the original scales were first translated and culturally adapted from English into Persian according to a standardized procedure. Moreover the Cronbach’s alpha of the scales was calculated by SPSS software version 21.Results: The Cronbach’s alpha of the FES and ABCS were calculated as 0.895 and 0.894, respectively. The inter-item correlation matrix of FES with 10 item and ABCS with 16 items, were positive and acceptable in both scales. Moreover, Cronbach’s alpha if item deleted for all items in ABCS were lower than 0.894 and in FES were below 0.895. It suggests that if each item deleted in both scales, the consistency of the test would decline. Therefor all items were necessary for the scales.Conclusions: The unity of the scales and internal consistency of the 16-item ABCS and 10-item of FES were good and comparable to what has been reported for previous versions of the scales in other cultures. FES and ABCS are two scales which can be used in Persian language for further studies on falls among older adults

Internal Consistency of Persian Version of Falls Efficacy Scale and Activity-Specific Balance Scale

Background: Falls is worldwide health problem among older adults. Different scales have been introduced related to falls, including Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) and Activity-Specific Balance Scale (ABCS). Persian version of these scale needs to be assessed for internal consistency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the internal consistency of Persian version of FES and ABCS.Methods: In this pilot descriptive cross-sectional study, subjects (n=20) were selected by convenient sampling from elderly community dwellers. Prior to assessing the internal consistency, the original scales were first translated and culturally adapted from English into Persian according to a standardized procedure. Moreover the Cronbach’s alpha of the scales was calculated by SPSS software version 21.Results: The Cronbach’s alpha of the FES and ABCS were calculated as 0.895 and 0.894, respectively. The inter-item correlation matrix of FES with 10 item and ABCS with 16 items, were positive and acceptable in both scales. Moreover, Cronbach’s alpha if item deleted for all items in ABCS were lower than 0.894 and in FES were below 0.895. It suggests that if each item deleted in both scales, the consistency of the test would decline. Therefor all items were necessary for the scales.Conclusions: The unity of the scales and internal consistency of the 16-item ABCS and 10-item of FES were good and comparable to what has been reported for previous versions of the scales in other cultures. FES and ABCS are two scales which can be used in Persian language for further studies on falls among older adults

Validity and Reliability of Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Persian Version (ASRS-V1.1-Persian): Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Persian Version

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common mental disorder in adults. The objective of this study was to develop a valid Persian version of the 18-question ASRS-V1.1 according to WHO translation protocol and report its psychometric properties. Methods: In the first step, we translated the original 18-question ASRS-V1.1 version into Persian under the supervision of the WMH-CIDI advisory committee. The process of adaptation was consisting of forward-translation, expert panel evaluation, back translation, cross-cultural adaptation, pre-testing, and final adjustment. In the second step, we conducted a cross-sectional study with 734 students were studied in Shahroud in 2013. A sub-sample of subjects consists of 99 students were clinically interviewed according to DSM-IV-TR criteria by a well-trained physician. Results: The ASRS-V1.1-P had satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.85). Sensitivity and specificity for the first six questions of ASRS-V1.1-P were 50.0% (95% CI: 30.3-69.6) and 80.5% (95%CI: 70.7-88.3), respectively. Finally, 43 subjects (5.5%) were confirmed for adult ADHD. There was not sex predominance in the prevalence of ADHD. Conclusion: Totally, it may be concluded that adult ADHD is a common problem among students and prevention of this disorder is crucial to reduce the probable subsequent social, educational, and job problems in future. The 18-question ASRS-V1.1-P is a psychometrically reliable and valid measure for screening ADHD in adults.  Keywords:  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Screening, Adult, Validity