Development of a responsibility model based on identity styles with the mediating role of self-concept for the students of Tehran Universities

Introduction: Students’ sense of responsibility has a substantial impact on their academic and professional progress, as well as the future of their society. Therefore, it is necessary to examine and identify factors influencing their sense of responsibility. Aim: The present study aimed to propose a model of responsibility based on identity styles with the mediating role of self-concept. Method: In this correlational study, the path analysis method was applied. The study population consisted of all students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, and Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University in 2022. A total of 411 students were selected via random cluster sampling. The data collection tools were Kurdlo's Responsibility Questionnaire (2015), Identity Style Inventory (1989), and Rogers’ Self-Concept Scale (1957). Pearson's correlation coefficient test was carried out using AMOS version 24 and SPSS version 25 for statistical analysis. Results: The correlation coefficients indicated significant positive correlations between informative and normative identity styles and the sense of responsibility, with the mediating role of self-concept, while the diffuse/avoidant identity style had a significant negative correlation with the sense of responsibility (P<0.01). Moreover, the coefficients were significant for the indirect effects of informative identity style (β=0.028, t=5.17), normative identity style (β=0.047, t=4.32), and diffuse/avoidant identity style (β=-0.056, t=-3.27) on the students’ sense of responsibility, with the mediating role of self-concept (P<0.05). The direct path coefficients for all three identity styles in predicting responsibility were also significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: The present results showed that self-concept mediated the students’ sense of responsibility based on identity styles. Therefore, authorities should take the necessary measures to improve the students’ sense of responsibility, depending on their identity styles

Intercultural study of Attitudes to Gender Roles, Parental Values and Parental Burnout: the case of Iran and Afghan Refugee

The current research was administered with the aim of intercultural investigating the attitudes to gender roles, parental values ‎, and parental burnout‎ in two groups of Iranian and Afghan parents. The statistical population of this study was two groups of Iranian and Afghan parents living in Tehran City those 398 parents including 199 Afghan parents (97 fathers and 102 mothers) and 199 Iranian parents (93 fathers and 106 mothers) living in Tehran were selected by convenient and voluntary from different regions of the city. The research instruments included the Attitudes to Gender Roles Questionnaire, Goals and Values in Adults Questionnaire, and Parental Burnout Assessment. The results showed that two groups of Iranian and Afghan parents significantly differed in parental burnout, and regarding parental values in power and achieves, agency and self-direct, and benevolence & prosocial. The results showed there was a significant difference between mothers and fathers in attitudes to gender roles and all of the values except agency and self-direct. In the interaction of migration and gender effects, the results showed Iranian fathers had a high score in specific gender roles, Afghan fathers had a high score in traditional gender roles and Iranian mothers had a high score in androgynous gender roles. Also, Afghan fathers care more about power and achieve separateness values than Iranian fathers. Cultural similarities led to the migration of Afghan families despite long-term residence in the destination community, which was companied by the maintenance of Afghan cultural values and traditions, so that the status of parents, traditional gender roles, and the sense of being unique as important values is encouraged in their children.The component of parenting and the quality of parent-child interactions, the values and goals of parents in the children of immigrant families in the context of cultural adaptation and acculturation (influence and impression of the destination culture) is a subject that can be studied

Investigating the Effects of Telerehabilitation on Improving the Physical Activity of Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: This study systematically evaluates the effect of telerehabilitation on improving physical activity, physical function, and quality of life (QoL) in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Materials and Methods: Studies were obtained by searching the title, abstract, and keywords without time limit in the Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs institute checklist. The same checklist was used for data extraction. Results: A total of 16 eligible articles were found. In 12 studies, the results showed significant performance improvement, reduced fatigue, improved physical activity, and general balance in the telerehabilitation approach. Furthermore, of the 16 included studies, 5(31) reported an improvement in individuals’ QoL, two of which showed a significant improvement in the individuals’ QoL in the intervention group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The findings of this review showed that telerehabilitation services for MS individuals’ precautions are comparable to or better than conventional services. Telerehabilitation is an effective educational instrument to restitute and maintain physical activity and balance in individuals with MS; however, no considerable improvement in individuals’ QoL was reported

Profiles of Parental Burnout Around the Globe: Similarities and Differences Across 36 Countries

Parental burnout (PB) is a pervasive phenomenon. Parenting is embedded in cultural values, and previous research has shown the role of individualism in PB. In this paper, we reanalyze previously collected data to identify profiles based on the four dimensions of PB, and explore whether these profiles vary across countries’ levels of collectivistic-individualistic (COL-IND) values. Our sample comprised 16,885 individuals from 36 countries (73% women; 27% men), and we used a latent profile approach to uncover PB profiles. The findings showed five profiles: Fulfilled, Not in PB, Low risk of PB, High risk of PB and Burned out. The profiles pointed to climbing levels of PB in the total sample and in each of the three country groups (High COL/Low IND, Medium COL-IND, Low COL/High IND). Exploratory analyses revealed that distinct dimensions of PB had the most prominent roles in the climbing pattern, depending on the countries’ levels of COL/IND. In particular, we found contrast to be a hallmark dimension and an indicator of severe burnout for individualistic countries. Contrary to our predictions, emotional distance and saturation did not allow a clear differentiation across collectivistic countries. Our findings support several research avenues regarding PB measurement and intervention

The role of parental stress and positive perception in predicting the ‎marital satisfaction in mothers of children with special needs & normal ‎children

This research was done with the goal of studying the role of positive perception and parental stress ‎in prediction of marital in mothers of children with special needs & normal children‏.‏‎ The population ‎of this research was two groups of mothers with normal children and children with special needs. ‎So, 161 mothers were sampled by nonprobability & convenient method. Measurement tools ‎included Parental Stress Scale, Positive Perception Scale and Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. The ‎relationship between variables and their prediction role were analyzed in the structural model by the ‎AMOS.V24 and the differences between the two groups of mothers were analyzed with ‎independent t-test by the SPSS.V24 software. The results showed that there is a significant negative ‎correlation between parental stress and marital satisfaction and there is a significant positive ‎correlation between positive perception and marital satisfaction. Positive perception has good ‎predictive power for marital satisfaction. The results also showed that there were a significant ‎difference between two groups of mothers in positive perception and parental stress.‎‏ ‏Positive ‎perception to self and one’s abilities can play an effective role in reduction of the stress associated ‎with parenting tasks and increasing marital satisfaction, especially in mothers of children with ‎special needs.

Parental burnout in Iran: Psychometric properties of the Persian (Farsi) version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA)

Parental burnout is a severe exhaustion syndrome resulting from lasting exposure to overwhelming parenting stress. The current gold-standard instrument to evaluate PB is the Parental Burnout Assessment, which has recently been used in the International Investigation of Parental Burnout (IIPB), a global study on the prevalence of parental burnout. The IIPB has stimulated worldwide interest in the construct of parental burnout, but efforts are still needed to validate the PBA in different languages. The current study is aimed at examining the psychometric properties of the Persian translation of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA-Persian). The PBA-Persian was administered to 448 Iranian parents along with the Kansas Parental Satisfaction Scale and the Well-being Index (WHO-5). Results showed that a PBA-Persian version is a promising tool, but the "Emotional Distancing" subscale should be used with caution. The PBA-Persian had good criterion validity vis-à-vis parental satisfaction and well-being. Future research is needed on gender invariance

Teleophthalmology: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Introduction: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the impact of tele-ophthalmology on screening, monitoring and treatment adherence in eye diseases. Material and Methods: A systematic review of controlled and randomized clinical trial studies without time limit was explored by searching keywords in the title, abstract and keywords of the studies in the reliable scientific databases Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed on April 20, 2022. A gray literature search was also conducted using the Google search engine to identify the most recent possible evidence. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist; that the studies with a score above 7 were included in the analysis. Results: A total of 40 articles were identified after removing duplicates. After screening the full text of the articles, 5 studies met the inclusion criteria. In four of the studies, tele-ophthalmology was used for tele-screening and tele-monitoring using tele-imaging approaches, live video conferencing, and websites. Also, in one case, telemedicine reminder studies were used to improve treatment adherence. In the majority of studies, tele-ophthalmology was at least as effective as in-person visit services in screening, monitoring, and adherence to treatment. Conclusion: The results of our systematic review showed that a well-designed tele-ophthalmology program with high-quality cameras and equipment and the use of multiple technologies has the potential to replace or complement in-person visits to an ophthalmologist

The comparison of Mindful self-care, Attachment Styles and Relationship Maintenance Strategies in Married People with & without Marital Conflict

The aim of current study is the comparison of attachment styles, mindful self-care and relational maintenance strategies in Married People with & without Marital Conflict. The research method is descriptive and causal–comparative. The statistical population included two groups of married men and women who living in Tehran city and the other group was married men and women referring to counseling centers located in Tehran city, the sample size was 181 people (group1: people and group 2: 85 people) who voluntary participated in research. Both groups have individually answered to Mindful Self-care Scale from Cook-Cottone (2015), Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised Questionnaire from Fraley, Waller & Bernan (2000), and Relational Maintenance Strategies Measure from Stafford (2011). The results from running MANOVA test showed that in compare to non-distressed married people, the distressed married people had lower scores in mindful self-care and relationship maintenance strategies and higher scores in avoidant and anxious attachment styles. Unresolved conflicts in couple’s relationship can weaken their self-care behaviors, relationship maintenance strategies and lead to acquire avoidant and anxious attachment styles. Therefore, improving the quality of couple’s relationship by means of their training and awareness about relationship maintenance strategies can help them with their self-care behaviors and attachment style improvement

A Comparative Study of Rehabilitation Information Systems in 8 Countries: A Literature Review

Objectives: This study aims to comparatively review the rehabilitation information systems in 8 countries: Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Australia, Malaysia, Russia, and Iran. Methods: A comprehensive review of published studies without a time limit was explored by searching the keywords, titles, and abstracts. Studies were obtained from the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases on May 2, 2021. We also did a Google search engine to explore rehabilitation information system websites in each country. The inclusion criteria included all English and Persian articles in the field of rehabilitation information registration systems or minimum data sets and the availability of complete text of the articles. A total of 13151 related studies were extracted and finally 25 main articles and 6 websites were selected. A similar standard checklist was used to extract and compare the findings. The data items in this checklist included reference, country, registry name, established year, founder, scope, standard classification systems (coding system), data elements, and subcategories of data elements of the registry. Results: The literature review revealed that the United States has international rehabilitation outcomes in three areas of inpatient, outpatient, and pediatric rehabilitation that collect data from around the world. Australia has a national clinical registry for outpatient and inpatient rehabilitation outcomes for adults and children. Canada, with its national rehabilitation reporting system, gathers only adult inpatient rehabilitation information. In sweden, the Swedish Rehabilitation Medical Register includes rehabilitation activities in both inpatient and outpatient care. Rehabilitation in Malaysia with no data sharing and integration is still in its infancy. The rehabilitation information system in the UK only includes specialized rehabilitation services. In Iran, the Welfare Organization registers and collects (inpatient, outpatient, and home care) rehabilitation and financial data of the disabled with the “payment” system. In Russia, only some studies have proposed the launch of a rehabilitation information system. Discussion: The results of this literature review demonstrate that the most comprehensive rehabilitation information systems first belonged to the United States, and then to Australia, Canada, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and Iran in descending order. Meanwhile, a rehabilitation information system is being developed in Malaysia. However, Russia has not yet developed a comprehensive rehabilitation information system

Rehabilitation information systems: What we know and what we want

Per the definition of the World Health Organization, rehabilitation is a set of interventions designed to optimize performance and reduce disability in people with a varying range of health-related disorders in interacting with their environment. Like many other fields of the health-care realm, the application and integration of valid and reliable research are perceivably highly primitive. It is not possible to accurately measure or predict the need for rehabilitation services in general, and it is certainly difficult to do so for specific demographic or geographic classes. Service providers lack the tools to make objective policy and financial decision-making at the systemic level without accurate and reliable information management practices. To gain the capacity to transform the current guidelines of the ministry and make financial changes in the entire rehabilitation process, the rehabilitation sector needs a strong voice and a solid political base to guide the rehabilitation process therefrom. The current narrative review focuses on our knowledge of rehabilitation information systems and what we know and what we want