5 research outputs found
Phase transitions in a frustrated XY model with zig-zag couplings
We study a new generalized version of the square-lattice frustrated XY model
where unequal ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic couplings are arranged in a
zig-zag pattern. The ratio between the couplings can be used to tune the
system, continuously, from the isotropic square-lattice to the
triangular-lattice frustrated XY model. The model can be physically realized as
a Josephson-junction array with two different couplings, in a magnetic field
corresponding to half-flux quanta per plaquette. Mean-field approximation,
Ginzburg-Landau expansion and finite-size scaling of Monte Carlo simulations
are used to study the phase diagram and critical behavior. Depending on the
value of , two separate transitions or a transition line in the
universality class of the XY-Ising model, with combined and U(1)
symmetries, takes place. In particular, the phase transitions of the standard
square-lattice and triangular-lattice frustrated XY models correspond to two
different cuts through the same transition line. Estimates of the chiral
() critical exponents on this transition line deviate significantly from
the pure Ising values, consistent with that along the critical line of the
XY-Ising model. This suggests that a frustrated XY model or Josephson-junction
array with a zig-zag coupling modulation can provide a physical realization of
the XY-Ising model critical line.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, RevTex, to appear in Phys. Rev.
String theory predictions for future accelerators
We consider, in a string theory framework, physical processes of
phenomenological interest in models with a low string scale. The amplitudes we
study involve tree-level virtual gravitational exchange, divergent in a
field-theoretical treatment, and massive gravitons emission, which are the main
signatures of this class of models. First, we discuss the regularization of
summations appearing in virtual gravitational (closed string) Kaluza-Klein
exchanges in Type I strings. We argue that a convenient manifestly ultraviolet
convergent low energy limit of type I string theory is given by an effective
field theory with an arbitrary cutoff in the closed (gravitational)
channel and a related cutoff in the open (Yang-Mills) channel.
We find the leading string corrections to the field theory results. Second, we
calculate exactly string tree-level three and four-point amplitudes with gauge
bosons and one massive graviton and examine string deviations from the
field-theory result.Comment: 39 pages, 8 figures, references adde
Diluted Josephson-junction arrays in a magnetic field: phase coherence and vortex glass thresholds
The effects of random dilution of junctions on a two-dimensional
Josephson-junction array in a magnetic field are considered. For rational
values of the average flux quantum per plaquette , the superconducting
transition temperature vanishes, for increasing dilution, at a critical value
, while the vortex ordering remains stable up to , much
below the value corresponding to the geometric percolation threshold. For
, the array behaves as a zero-temperature vortex-glass.
Numerical results for from defect energy calculations are presented
which are consistent with this scenario.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.