Design study of a temporary, emergencial and sustentable Shelder in Light Wood Framing and Bamboo

Atualmente, as condições socioeconômicas da Bolívia, a instabilidade política na Venezuela e os desastres naturais no Haiti fazem com que o número de refugiados aumente no Brasil. A imigração boliviana para o país possui um fluxo mais contínuo se comparada àquela de países como Venezuela e Bolívia. Para ampliar o acolhimento dessas pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade, este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma proposta arquitetônica para um abrigo emergencial temporário de caráter sustentável utilizando Wood Frame e bambu, que possibilite a facilidade de transporte, montagem e desmontagem em caso de grandes tragédias e sirva de abrigo para a população carente. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em duas etapas: inicialmente foram levantados dados sobre questões relativas às tragédias ambientais e suas soluções bem como às necessidades emergenciais das vítimas. Na segunda etapa, foi elaborado um programa de necessidades desses refugiados, o desenvolvimento do projeto e a maquete volumétrica que serviram de subsídio para o desenvolvimento do projeto de habitação emergencial.Currently, the socio economic conditions of Bolivia, the political instability in Venezuela and natural disasters in Haiti, mean that the number of asylum applications are increasing in Brazil. The immigration flow of Bolivian individual to the country is higher compared to others like Venezuelans´ and Haitian´s. To expand the reception of these people in vulnerable situations, this article aims to present an architectural proposal for a temporary emergency shelter of sustainable character using Wood Frame and Bamboo that allows easy transportation, assembly and disassembly in case of major tragedies and shelter for need population. This work was developed in two stages: data were initially collected on issues related to environmental tragedies and their solutions, as well as the victims' emergency needs. In the second stage, a program of needs for these refugees was developed, the development of the project and the volumetric model that served as a subsidy for the development of the emergency housing project

CONSTRUÇÃO DE UMA TECNOLOGIA EDUCATIVA SOBRE VIOLÊNCIA OBSTÉTRICA PARA AS GESTANTES

Objetivo: construir uma tecnologia educativa na modalidade de cartilha direcionada às mulheres sobre os direitos da gestante durante o trabalho de parto e situações que caracterizam violência obstétrica. Método: pesquisa metodológica, qualitativa, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturada com 14 enfermeiros residentes do programa de Residência de Enfermagem Obstétrica da Universidade Federal do Pará. A análise de conteúdo foi utilizada para identificar significado, seguida pela elaboração textual, seleção das ilustrações e finalização da cartilha. Resultados: a violência obstétrica caracteriza-se como física, psicológica, negligência, discriminação, podendo acontecer no pré-natal, parto, puerpério e abortamento. A informação como alicerce para o conhecimento de mulheres por meio da cartilha pode contribuir de forma efetiva para o empoderamento e protagonismo de mulheres. Considerações finais: o processo de construção da cartilha, desenvolvida de forma participativa e dialógica, foi enriquecedor e oportunizou a disseminação de informação com embasamento científico para atuação junto à população-alvo. Descritores: Gestação. Educação em Saúde. Violência Obstétrica. Tecnologia Educacional. Internato e Residência

Avaliação do efeito curativo e preventivo do óleo essencial do capim citronela no controle de Pyricularia grisea

The rice blast is the most important disease of the rice, due to the damage that it causes in the productivity andgrain quality. Aiming at the use of essential oils and plant extracts to control this disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the curative and preventive effect of the extracts and essential oil of citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus L.) to control rice blast. The evaluation of the curative effect was performed seven days after the sprayingwith the extracts of citronella grass. As for the evaluation of preventive effect, the plants were sprayed with thetreatments and 24 hours after inoculated with 20 mL of the spore solution per tray. In the assessing of the curative effect, it was found that the application of fungicide and the diluted essential oil of citronella grass at a concentration of 2% plants showed no symptoms of blast in 50% of the repetitions. Regarding the evaluation of preventive effect, the plants showed no symptoms of the disease in concentrations of 1.5, 1.75 and 2% of the essential oil of citronella grass in 50% of the repetitions.A brusone é a doença de maior importância da cultura do arroz, devido aos prejuízos que causa na produtividade e na qualidade dos grãos. Visando o emprego de óleos essencial e extratos vegetais no controle desta doença, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito curativo e preventivo de extratos e óleo essencial do capim citronela (Cymbopogon nardus L.) no controle da brusone do arroz. A avaliação do efeito curativo foi realizada após sete dias da pulverização com os extratos do capim citronela. Quanto à avaliação do efeito preventivo, as plantas foram pulverizadas com os tratamentos e após 24 horas inoculadas com 20mL da solução de esporos por bandeja. Na avaliação do efeito curativo, verificou-se que com a aplicação do fungicida e do óleo essencial diluído do capim citronela na concentração de 2% as plantas não apresentaram sintomas da brusone em 50% das repetições. Em relação à avaliação do efeito preventivo, as plantas não apresentaram sintomas da doença nas concentrações de 1,5; 1,75 e 2% do óleo essencial do capim citronela em 50% das repetições

High levels of soluble CD40 ligand and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in serum are associated with favorable clinical evolution in human visceral leishmaniasis

BACKGROUND: Soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) are inflammation markers and have been poorly described in infectious disease. In this prospective study, we describe the sera kinetics of these two molecules in the course of treatment follow up in human visceral leishmaniasis (VL). METHODS: Sera from VL patients were collected before and during follow up of regular Antimony treatment. sCD40L and MMP-9 were measured by Luminex assay. Paired analysis by Wilcoxon signed test was used for comparison of values of the same subjects before and after initiation of treatment. Correlations between clinical data and parasite load with the serum levels of sCD40L and MMP-9 were performed by Spearman test. Tests were considered statistically significant if the probability of a type I error was less than 5% (p-value < 0.05). RESULTS: While sCD40L and MMP-9 were not observed in sera from non endemic controls which are at low risk of Leishmania chagasi infection, elevated levels were observed in sera from VL patients, and an increase in sCD40L and MMP-9 levels were detectable during the follow-up of VL patients undergoing antimony treatment. sCD40L levels were also high in individuals living in endemic settings at high risk of infection (endemic controls). Additionally, negative correlations were found between spleen sizes and MMP-9 before treatment and sCD40L at day 15 of treatment. Negative correlations were also found between parasite load with both sCD40L and MMP-9. CONCLUSION: Serum sCD40L and MMP-9 are identified as new and simple biomarkers in two situations: (i) monitoring the success of therapy and (ii) predicting favorable clinical outcome of human VL

Reuse of treated domestic sewage for biquinho pepper cultivation

This study aimed to evaluate the reuse of treated domestic sewage in biquinho pepper (Capsicum chinense L.) cultivation under different irrigation regimes. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a randomised block design with a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. Forty-eight pepper plants were subjected to three treated domestic sewage concentrations (0, 50, and 100%) and four irrigation depths (75, 100, 125, and 150% of the crop evapotranspiration - ETc). Data for ETc estimation were obtained from an automatic meteorological station, which was installed in the greenhouse. The results showed that irrigation depths corresponding to 125 and 150% of the ETc at a concentration of 100% treated domestic sewage resulted in higher plants. Moreover, longer fruits were obtained when plants were subjected to 100% ETc at 100% treated domestic sewage. The studied irrigation depths influenced pepper fruit total weight and yield. No treated domestic sewage concentrations significantly influenced the variables analysed. Treated domestic sewage reuse can constitute an alternative for quality water saving and for chemical fertilisation of biquinho pepper crop. Highlights: The growing of beak pepper with domestic sewage treated can bring benefits in terms of providing nutrients to the crops; Adequate levels of water replacement with domestic sewage treated may promote good crop development. The use of treated domestic sewage can be an alternative to reduce the use of better quality water and chemical fertilization in the growing of beak pepper. Reduction of environmental impact may be possible with the replacement of chemical fertilizer by domestic sewage treated in the growing of beak pepper.This study aimed to evaluate the reuse of treated domestic sewage in biquinho pepper (Capsicum chinense L.) cultivation under different irrigation regimes. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a randomised block design with a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. Forty-eight pepper plants were subjected to three treated domestic sewage concentrations (0, 50, and 100%) and four irrigation depths (75, 100, 125, and 150% of the crop evapotranspiration - ETc). Data for ETc estimation were obtained from an automatic meteorological station, which was installed in the greenhouse. The results showed that irrigation depths corresponding to 125 and 150% of the ETc at a concentration of 100% treated domestic sewage resulted in higher plants. Moreover, longer fruits were obtained when plants were subjected to 100% ETc at 100% treated domestic sewage. The studied irrigation depths influenced pepper fruit total weight and yield. No treated domestic sewage concentrations significantly influenced the variables analysed. Treated domestic sewage reuse can constitute an alternative for quality water saving and for chemical fertilisation of biquinho pepper crop. Highlights: The growing of beak pepper with domestic sewage treated can bring benefits in terms of providing nutrients to the crops; Adequate levels of water replacement with domestic sewage treated may promote good crop development. The use of treated domestic sewage can be an alternative to reduce the use of better quality water and chemical fertilization in the growing of beak pepper. Reduction of environmental impact may be possible with the replacement of chemical fertilizer by domestic sewage treated in the growing of beak pepper

Correlation between peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and hippocampal volume in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder

Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) is a serious mental disorder that affects the development and emotional growth of affected patients. The brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is recognized as one of the possible markers of the framework and its evolution. Abnormalities in BDNF signaling in the hippocampus could explain the cognitive decline seen in patients with TB. Our aim with this study was to evaluate possible changes in hippocampal volume in children and adolescents with BD and associate them to serum BDNF. Subjects included 30 patients aged seven to seventeen years from the ProCAB (Program for Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder). We observed mean right and left hippocampal volumes of 41910.55 and 41747.96 mm3 , respectively. No statistically significant correlations between peripheral BDNF levels and hippocampal volumes were found. We believe that the lack of correlation observed in this study is due to the short time of evolution of BD in children and adolescents. Besides studies with larger sample sizes to confirm the present findings and longitudinal assessments, addressing brain development versus a control group and including drug-naive patients in different mood states may help clarify the role of BDNF in the brain changes consequent upon BD

ATUALIDADE ACERCA DO TRATAMENTO DOS DISTÚRBIOS TEMPORO MANDIBULARES

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a term that includes different conditions involving the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the masticatory muscles and their associated tissues (e.g. ligaments, connective tissues) that represents a clinical problem such as pain, limited movements of the jaw and ATM noises. Several studies on different aspects have been conducted to improve the understanding, diagnosis and management of this patient population. Some TMD symptoms do not seem to be directly related to the problem, which makes diagnosis difficult and takes even longer. Some of the most frequent complaints from those who suffer from temporomandibular disorders are the following: swelling on the side of the mouth and/or face; locking when opening or closing the mouth; facial pain; deviation of the mandible to one side; momentary deafness.Disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) é um termo que inclui diferentes condições envolvendo a articulação temporomandibular (ATM), os músculos mastigatórios e seus tecidos associados (por exemplo, ligamentos, tecidos conjuntivos) que representa um quadro clínico problema como dor, movimentos limitados da mandíbula e ATM ruídos. Vários estudos sobre diferentes aspectos foram conduzidos para melhorar a compreensão, diagnóstico e gestão dessa população de pacientes. Alguns sintomas da DTM não parecem ter relação direta com o problema, fato que dificulta o diagnóstico e faz com que ele seja ainda mais demorado. Algumas das reclamações mais frequentes de quem sofre com a disfunção temporomandibular são as seguintes: inchaço ao lado da boca e/ou da face; travamento ao abrir ou fechar a boca; dor facial; desvio da mandíbula para um lado; surdez momentânea; dor mandibular

Immunity to Lutzomyia intermedia Saliva Modulates the Inflammatory Environment Induced by Leishmania braziliensis

Transmission of Leishmania parasites occurs during blood feeding, when infected female sand flies inject humans with parasites and saliva. Chemokines and cytokines are secreted proteins that regulate the initial immune responses and have the potential of attracting and activating cells. Herein, we studied the expression of such molecules and the cellular recruitment induced by salivary proteins of the Lutzomyia intermedia sand fly. Of note, Lutzomyia intermedia is the main vector of Leishmania braziliensis, a parasite species that causes cutaneous leishmaniasis, a disease associated with the development of destructive skin lesions that can be fatal if left untreated. We observed that L. intermedia salivary proteins induce a potent cellular recruitment and modify the expression profile of chemokines and cytokines in mice. More importantly, in mice previously immunized with L. intermedia saliva, the alteration in the initial inflammatory response was even more pronounced, in terms of the number of cells recruited and in terms of gene expression pattern. These findings indicate that an existing immunity to L. intermedia sand fly induces an important modulation in the initial immune response that may, in turn, promote parasite multiplication, leading to the development of cutaneous leishmaniasis