Can Health Foreign Assistance Break the Medical Brain Drain ?

This paper analyse the impact of health foreign assistance on physicians' brain drain. We use the database from Bhargava and Docquier (2008) to explain physicians' brain drain and health foreign assistance from 1995 to 2003 using a bilateral gravity equation model. In the first time, we propose to investigate the direct and reverse impact of health assistance through simultaneous equation model with Three-Stage Least Squares (3SLS) methodology and highlight a significant negative effect of health foreign assistance on the medical brain whereas emigration rate of doctor increases the amount of health aid received by recipient countries. In a second time, we analyzed the indirect effect of health aid via epidemics prevalence through the death rate per 1000 people. We find that health aid plays a key role in the improvement of vaccination, treatment and prevention which may reduce death rate and, finally, decreases the physicians emigration rates. These findings confirm the efficiency of health foreign aid to weaken the vicious circle of physicians drain.International migration ; physicians emigration rates ; foreign aid ; health foreign assistance ; simultaneous equation model ; Three Stage Least Squares ; gravity equation model

Can Foreign Health Assistance Reduce the Medical Brain Drain?

This paper analyses the impact of foreign health aid on the emigration rates of physicians. We use a panel database to investigate the emigration of physicians from 192 source countries to 17 destination countries between 1995 and 2004. First, we investigate the direct impact of health assistance using the generalised method of moments (GMM) and highlight a significant negative effect of foreign health assistance on the medical brain drain. Moreover, we analyse whether this effect of health aid is more effective in a context of good governance. We find that health aid is more effective at reducing physicians' emigration rates when the levels of corruption and inflation are low.International Migration, Physicians Emigration Rates, Foreign Aid, Foreign health assistance

Can Health Foreign Assistance Break the Medical Brain Drain?

This paper analyses the impact of health foreign assistance on physicians' brain drain. We use the database from Bhargava and Docquier (2008) to explain physicians' brain drain and health foreign assistance from 1995 to 2003 using a bilateral gravity equation model. In the first time, we propose to investigate the direct and reverse impact of health assistance through Simultaneous Equation Model with Three-Stage Least Squares (3SLS) methodology and highlight a significant negative effect of health foreign assistance on the medical brain drain whereas emigration rate of doctor increases the amount of health aid received by recipient countries. In a second time, we analyzed the indirect effect of health aid via epidemics prevalence through the death rate per 1000 people. We find that health aid plays a key role in the improvement of vaccination, treatment and prevention which may reduce death rate and, finally, decreases the physicians emigration rates. These findings confirm the efficiency of health foreign aid to weaken the vicious circle of physicians drain. --International Migration,Physicians Emigration Rates,Foreign Aid,Health foreign assistance,Simultaneous Equation Model,Three Stage Least Squares,Gravity Equation model

Labour Standards and Migration : do labour conditions matter ?

We study in this paper the interactions between migration rates and the level of labour standards. We use an augmented version of the Grogger and Hanson (2008) model, adding the level of working conditions into the specification. Our hypothesis is that the differential of working conditions may be a complementary determinant of migration. In a first time, we test the influence of labour standards in countries of origin using a database on emigration rates built by Defoort (2006) for the period 1975-1995. For labour standards, we built an original index with a temporal dimension. We find that labour standards in the source countries does not have a significant impact on the probability of moving abroad. In a second time, we use a bilateral migration database built by Marfouk and Docquier (2004) in order to test the influence of labour standards in destination countries. If labour standards in the source countries do not have a significant impact on migration flows, level of labour conditions in destination countries have multiple effects on bilateral migration flows. Social protection or protection of collective relations have a positive impact on migration, while job and employment protection laws have the opposite effect. We also find that high-skilled workers are much more sensitive to social security benefits while low skilled workers are more attracted by a protective job and employment legislation.Migration, labour standards, brain-drain, labour markets.

Employment Protection and Migration

We argue in this paper that labor market institutions, and more particularly employment protection (EPL), are an important determinant of migration. Using a bilateral migration database, we empirically show that the employment protection di fferential has a negative impact on bilateral ows. Contrary to pop- ular wisdom which assumes that migrants look for a more protected market, we show that migrants tend to move to countries where employment protection is close to that of their country of origin. Relative preferences over wages or employment, or a distinct impact on wages and employment may explain such results. We also show that these e ffects are stronger for high-skilled workers

Labour Standards and Migration : do labour conditions matter ?

URL des documents de travail ; http://ces.univ-paris1.fr/cesdp/CESFramDP2009.htmClassification JEL : J8, O1, F2.Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 2009.48 - ISSN : 1955-611XWe study in this paper the interactions between migration rates and the level of labour standards. We use an augmented version of the Grogger and Hanson (2008) model, adding the level of working conditions into the specification. Our hypothesis is that the differential of working conditions may be a complementary determinant of migration. In a first time, we test the influence of labour standards in countries of origin using a database on emigration rates built by Defoort (2006) for the period 1975-1995. For labour standards, we built an original index with a temporal dimension. We find that labour standards in the source countries does not have a significant impact on the probability of moving abroad. In a second time, we use a bilateral migration database built by Marfouk and Docquier (2004) in order to test the influence of labour standards in destination countries. If labour standards in the source countries do not have a significant impact on migration flows, level of labour conditions in destination countries have multiple effects on bilateral migration flows. Social protection or protection of collective relations have a positive impact on migration, while job and employment protection laws have the opposite effect. We also find that high-skilled workers are much more sensitive to social security benefits while low skilled workers are more attracted by a protective job and employment legislation.Nous étudions dans cet article les interactions entre les taux de migration et le niveau des normes du travail. Nous utilisons pour cela une version augmentée du modèle de Grogger et Hanson (2008), en ajoutant le niveau des conditions de travail dans la spécification. Notre hypothèse est que le différentiel de conditions de travail constituerait un facteur additionnel de migration. Dans un premier temps, nous testons l'influence des normes du travail dans les pays d'origine en utilisant une base de données sur les taux d'émigration construit par Defoort (20069) pour la période 1975-1995. Pour les normes du travail, nous construisons un index original intégrant une dimension temporelle. Nous constatons que les normes du travail dans le pays source n'a pas d'impact significatif sur la probabilité de migrer à l'étranger. Dans un deuxième temps, nous utilisons une base de données sur les migrations bilatérales construit par Marfouk et Docquier (2004) afin de tester l'influence des normes du travail dans les pays de destination. Si les normes du travail dans les pays d'origine n'ont pas d'impact significatif sur les flux migratoires, le niveau des normes du travail dans les pays de destination ont des effets multiples sur les flux migratoires bilatéraux. La protection sociale ou la protection des négociations collectives ont un impact positif sur la migration, alors que les lois visant à protéger l'emploi ont l'effet inverse. Nous constatons également que les travailleurs hautement qualifiés les travailleurs sont beaucoup plus sensibles aux prestations de sécurité sociale alors que les travailleurs peu qualifiés sont plus attirés par une législation protectrice en matière d'emploi

Can Health Foreign Assistance Break the Medical Brain Drain ?

URL des Documents de travail : http://ces.univ-paris1.fr/cesdp/CESFramDP2009.htmClassification JEL : F22, F35, O15, C23, I1, O11Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 2009.45 - ISSN : 1955-611XThis paper analyse the impact of health foreign assistance on physicians' brain drain. We use the database from Bhargava and Docquier (2008) to explain physicians' brain drain and health foreign assistance from 1995 to 2003 using a bilateral gravity equation model. In the first time, we propose to investigate the direct and reverse impact of health assistance through simultaneous equation model with Three-Stage Least Squares (3SLS) methodology and highlight a significant negative effect of health foreign assistance on the medical brain whereas emigration rate of doctor increases the amount of health aid received by recipient countries. In a second time, we analyzed the indirect effect of health aid via epidemics prevalence through the death rate per 1000 people. We find that health aid plays a key role in the improvement of vaccination, treatment and prevention which may reduce death rate and, finally, decreases the physicians emigration rates. These findings confirm the efficiency of health foreign aid to weaken the vicious circle of physicians drain.Cet article analyse l'impact de l'aide santé sur la fuite des médecins. Nous utilisons la base de données de Bhargava et Docquier (2008) pour expliquer la fuite des médecins et l'aide santé de 1995 à 2003 en utilisant un modèle bilatéral de gravité. Dans un premier temps, nous étudions l'impact direct et la causalité reverse de l'aide à la santé à travers un modèle d'équations simultanées avec la méthode de Triples Moindres Carrées et nous trouvons un effet significatif et négatif de l'aide à la santé sur la fuite des cerveaux dans le secteur médical. Alors que le taux d'émigration de docteur lui augmente le montant de l'aide à la santé reçu par le pays receveur. Dans un second temps, nous analysons l'impact indirect de l'aide à la santé via la prévalence d'épidémies capté par le taux de mortalité brut pour 1000 personnes. Nous trouvons que l'aide à la santé joue un rôle important dans l'amélioration des taux de vaccination, des traitements et de la prévention qui réduit le taux de mortalité et, à son tour, décroît le taux d'émigration des médecins. Ces résultats confirment l'efficacité de l'aide à la santé dans le ralentissement de ce cercle vicieux de la fuite des médecins

Can Health Foreign Assistance Break the Medical Brain Drain ?.

This paper analyse the impact of health foreign assistance on physicians' brain drain. We use the database from Bhargava and Docquier (2008) to explain physicians' brain drain and health foreign assistance from 1995 to 2003 using a bilateral gravity equation model. In the first time, we propose to investigate the direct and reverse impact of health assistance through simultaneous equation model with Three-Stage Least Squares (3SLS) methodology and highlight a significant negative effect of health foreign assistance on the medical brain whereas emigration rate of doctor increases the amount of health aid received by recipient countries. In a second time, we analyzed the indirect effect of health aid via epidemics prevalence through the death rate per 1000 people. We find that health aid plays a key role in the improvement of vaccination, treatment and prevention which may reduce death rate and, finally, decreases the physicians emigration rates. These findings confirm the efficiency of health foreign aid to weaken the vicious circle of physicians drain.International migration, physicians emigration rates, foreign aid, health foreign assistance, simultaneous equation model, Three Stage Least Squares, gravity equation model.

La protection de l’emploi influence-t-elle les flux migratoires à destination des pays de l’ocde ?

International audienceWe show that labour market institutions, and particularly employment protection are an important determinant of migration flows. Contrary to the popular wisdom, migrants are not attracted by more protective legislation. On the contrary, we show that the employment protection differential acts as a negative impact on migration flows. This differential in the case of high value can be seen as a lower integration on labour market and affects migration negatively. These results are obtained taking into consideration the high proportion of nil flows using Heckman two-steps method and Poisson method. We also control for a potential endogeneity bias by instrumenting our variable of employment protection.Classification JEL: J8, 01, F2Nous montrons que les institutions sur le marché du travail, et tout particulièrement la protection de l’emploi constituent un déterminant important des flux migratoires. Contrairement à ce qui est souvent annoncé, les migrants ne sont pas à la recherche de législations plus protectrices. Au contraire, nous montrons que le différentiel de protection de l’emploi a un impact négatif sur les flux de migration. Ce différentiel lorsqu’il est élevé s’apparente à une capacité d’intégration sur le marché du travail plus faible jouant négativement sur la migration. Ces résultats sont obtenus en prenant en compte la forte proportion de flux nuls en utilisant la méthode d’Heckman en deux étapes et la méthode de Poisson. Nous contrôlons également d’un possible biais d’endogénéité en instrumentant notre variable de protection de l’emploi