Evaluating the modus operandi of perpetrators of credit card fraud

Today utilization of Credit Card even in non-industrial nations has become a typical situation. Individuals use it to shop, cover tabs and for online exchanges. In any case, with increment in number of Credit Card clients, the instances of extortion in Credit Card have likewise been on ascent. Master-card related fakes cause all around the world a deficiency of billions of Rands. Visa misrepresentation should be possible from various perspectives. By lost or taken cards, by delivering phony or fake cards, by cloning the first site, by deleting or changing the attractive strip present at the card which contains the client's data, by phishing, by skimming or by taking information from a shipper's side. The growth in electronic transactions has resulted in a greater demand for fast and accurate user identification and authentication. Conventional method of identification based on possession of pin and password are not all together reliable. Higher acceptability and convenience of credit card for purchases has not only given personal comfort to customers but also attracted a large number of attackers. This study followed qualitative research and the research design that was adopted in this study is of an empirical nature. The researcher decided on this research design, because he wanted to establish the reason for the lack of knowledge or the stumbling blocks concerning the investigation and prosecution of credit card fraud. The ideal population of this study consisted of three bank managers from Standard bank and First National Bank and Capitec bank, all of them were females in terms of gender, and three of them had between 22 and 36 years of experience in the banking sector. From the SAPS sampling, 22 participants in total were interviewed, comprised of Constables, Sergeants, Warrant officers, and Captains. Of these, 6 were females and 16 males. Their experiences ranged between 10 years to 27 years. In terms of members of the community, six members of community police forums (CPF) were interviewed, four were males and two females. They have been staying in Vanderbijlpark between twenty and thirty five years, while they have been involved in CPF for more than two years. Non-probability sampling was adopted, whereby a purposive sample was selected as the members of the population for focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) were chosen haphazardly. The study recommends that in order to decrease these frauds there is a need of a powerful fraud detection system which not only detects the fraud but also detects it before it takes place and in an accurate manner. The study also recommends that there is a need to also develop systems learns from the past committed frauds and makes them capable of adapting to future new methods of frauds. This study recommends that the CCTV cameras should be installed in the ATM, where cases of credit card are taking place. In addition, the police be visible in the areas which are most prevalent to credit card fraud. This study recommends that the SAPS members should be taken for regularly training in order for them to be able to properly investigate the cases of credit card fraud.Police PracticeM. Tech. (Forensic Investigation

Military role in democratic transition and succession: Lessons from the Kingdom of Lesothos

This study examines military institution and prevailing roles in the Lesotho government to determine transition and succession formations, this is accomplished by articulating how Lesotho’s democracy failed by understanding the existing military roles. From a qualitative standpoint, this study relied mainly on non-empirical research design: Systematic review, data restricted to 1965–2017 (52 years’ projection), which included periodicals and other archival documents that provided required information for this discourse. Critical and logical analysis of data attested that the military play a role of distractive force in Lesotho’s democratisation process. This military institution presented acted as a false custodian of democratic principles by initiating the “Coups.” Other emerging findings further suggest that the military democratic principles and arrangements are faulty and inadequate for sustainable democratic governance to succeed. This military institution function as a partisan organisation where various acts performed were unlawful. This study concludes that military has been more of a distractive than consolidation force of democratic transitions. This study further concludes that in the period 1970 to 1986 the military acted as guarantors of civilian election power under conditions of civilian dictatorship and politicians used to ensure their survival (politicisation of the military). From the independence of Lesotho in 1965 to 2016 by as adopted by politicians to fight their political battles, and withal to overthrow the regime

Overcoming language barriers: An exploration of the police perceptions of the digitisation of witness statements in South Africa

The research identified instances were the English version of sworn statements was an inaccurate translation of the indigenous statement provided by a witness or complainant. The inaccurate translation of indigenous witness statements is a global phenomenon that manifests against the backdrop of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR). This study was conducted to explore police experiences of taking indigenous witness statements, and to establish their perceptions of the digitisation of witness statements. Purposive sampling was used for sampling. Interview schedules were administered to eighteen (18) South African Police Service (SAPS) members from nine Community Service Centres (CSC) in Soweto, a township in the Gauteng province. Ethical consideration, measures of trustworthiness and the Theory of Performance (ToP) were applied. The ToP provides that a person’s level of performance is dependent on the interaction of various contextual factors. Thematic content analysis was conducted using Atlas ti resulting in five dominant themes or impact factors namely “skills”, “collaboration”, “resources”, “duration” and “language”. Results showed that a majority of the SAPS members perceived that witness statements should be digitised to address language challenges experienced and improve their level of performance. Furthermore, they perceived the usefulness of technology in modernising outdated resources in the SAPS

Overcoming language barriers: An exploration of the police perceptions of the digitisation of witness statements in South Africa

The research identified instances were the English version of sworn statements was an inaccurate translation of the indigenous statement provided by a witness or complainant. The inaccurate translation of indigenous witness statements is a global phenomenon that manifests against the backdrop of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR). This study was conducted to explore police experiences of taking indigenous witness statements, and to establish their perceptions of the digitisation of witness statements. Purposive sampling was used for sampling. Interview schedules were administered to eighteen (18) South African Police Service (SAPS) members from nine Community Service Centres (CSC) in Soweto, a township in the Gauteng province. Ethical consideration, measures of trustworthiness and the Theory of Performance (ToP) were applied. The ToP provides that a person’s level of performance is dependent on the interaction of various contextual factors. Thematic content analysis was conducted using Atlas ti resulting in five dominant themes or impact factors namely “skills”, “collaboration”, “resources”, “duration” and “language”. Results showed that a majority of the SAPS members perceived that witness statements should be digitised to address language challenges experienced and improve their level of performance. Furthermore, they perceived the usefulness of technology in modernising outdated resources in the SAPS

The modus operandi of perpetrators for credit card fraud in the Vaal Region, South Africa

Card payments in South Africa continue to be a predominant part of the National Payments System in an evolving payments ecosystem. Due to the growing volume of electronic payments, the monetary strain of credit card fraud is turning into a substantial challenge for financial institutions and service providers, thus forcing them to continuously improve their fraud detection systems. This article attempts to explain the Modus Operandi (MO) of perpetrators of credit card fraud in the Vaal Region in South Africa. The article begins with an examination of the extent of the challenge and response by the relevant stakeholders, especially the Criminal Justice System (CJS). This study was carried out utilising a qualitative research approach with a convenience, purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Thirty-nine (39) interviews were conducted to solicit the views of the participants and police investigators from Vanderbijlpark, Sebokeng, Sharpeville and Vereeniging police stations, members of the community, and victims of credit card fraud were interviewed. These interviews were analysed according to the phenomenological approach, aided with the inductive Thematic Content Analysis (TCA) to identify the participants’ responses and themes. The findings indicated that the extent of credit card fraud in Vaal region is reaching alarming rates. Based on the findings, the authors provided recommendations such as: police investigators being taken for regular workshops and training on how to investigate sophisticated methods used by perpetrators such as technology, awareness in the society about credit card fraud should be prioritised and enhanced