52 research outputs found
Soil contamination following an industrial accident : towards efficient investigations and assessment
International audienceWhen an industrial accident occurs, e.g. the explosion or the fire of a chemical facility, soil investigations and subsequent risk mitigation generally need to be decided and performed rapidly. This requires specific organisation and tools: Procedures for an immediate and coordinated intervention of relevant actors: industrials, administrations for industrial facilities, emergency and health, local authorities, environmental consultants and laboratories, NGOs. Models and input data on emission, atmospheric transfer and deposition on soil, for an accidental source; investigation plans and adequate soil quality references, guidelines... But the European Seveso legislation, and its application in France and probably in Europe, is focused on the prevention of immediate impacts on health and constructions; and the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) legislation deals with the chronic impacts of operating facilities. Thus, post-accidental impacts of industrial accidents are hardly dealt with, the specific organisation and tools are lacking, and when accidents occur, the industrials and administrations concerned are largely unprepared for managing their delayed impacts, first of them on soils
Un an aprÚs : changements éprouvés par les civils et les intervenants exposés aux attentats de novembre 2015 à Paris
International audienceIntroductionOne year after the attacks of November 13, 2015, SantĂ© publique France, within the framework of the 13-November program, set up the Post-Attacks Public Health Survey of November 2015 (ESPA November 13) aimed at exposed civilians and responders. Several open questions are proposed including our question of interest: âWould you say that the experience you have had has changed you, in one way or another? Could you explain to us how?ObjectiveThe aim is to understand the effect of attacks on civilians and responders and to compare their responses.MethodA thematic analysis is proposed for each of the two groups. The themes are common to them but appear to be qualitatively different. The qualitative analysis is supplemented and refined by figures concerning the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents in each group.ResultsSome respondents (mainly male workers) do not feel any change. They have specific protective factors. Painful changes at the relational, emotional, and psychic level impact above all female civilians. Some changes take the form of resilience or even post-traumatic growth. They presuppose a process of transformation, which involves a reappropriation of one's existence (for a quarter of civilians and workers alike) but also a new relationship to the world (among workers who worked on the night of November 13) and to oneself (mainly for civilians, women).ConclusionThe impact of the attacks is greater for civilians and particularly women. The process of transformation observed can lead to favorable outcomes that do not, however, avoid suffering. It would be appropriate to transpose some of the protection factors from the responders to the civilian populations.IntroductionUn an aprĂšs les attentats du 13 novembre 2015, SantĂ© publique France, dans le cadre du programme 13-Novembre, a mis en place lâEnquĂȘte de santĂ© publique post-attentats de novembre 2015 (ESPA 13 novembre) en direction des civils et intervenants exposĂ©s. Parmi les questions posĂ©es par lâenquĂȘte, se trouve notre question dâintĂ©rĂȘt : « Diriez-vous que lâexpĂ©rience que vous avez vĂ©cue vous a changĂ©, dâune maniĂšre ou dâune autre ? Pourriez-vous nous expliquer en quoi ?».ObjectifIl sâagit de comprendre les changements Ă©prouvĂ©s par les civils et les intervenants et de comparer leurs rĂ©ponses.MĂ©thodeUne analyse thĂ©matique est proposĂ©e pour chacun des deux groupes. Les thĂ©matiques leurs sont communes mais apparaissent comme qualitativement diffĂ©rentes. Lâanalyse qualitative est complĂ©tĂ©e et affinĂ©e par des donnĂ©es chiffrĂ©es concernant les caractĂ©ristiques sociodĂ©mographiques des rĂ©pondants de chaque groupe.RĂ©sultatsCertains rĂ©pondants (principalement des intervenants hommes) ne ressentent aucun changement. Ils prĂ©sentent des facteurs de protection spĂ©cifiques. Des changements douloureux au niveau relationnel, Ă©motionnel, et psychique impactent surtout la population des femmes civiles. Certains changements prennent malgrĂ© tout la forme dâune rĂ©silience, voire dâune croissance post-traumatique. Elles supposent un processus de transformation qui passe par une rĂ©appropriation de lâexistence (pour un quart des civils comme des intervenants) mais aussi par un nouveau rapport au monde (chez les intervenants ayant travaillĂ© dans la nuit du 13 novembre) et Ă soi (principalement pour les civils, femmes).ConclusionLâimpact des attentats est plus important pour les civils et particuliĂšrement pour les femmes. Le processus de transformation constatĂ© peut conduire Ă des issues favorables nâĂ©vitant cependant pas la souffrance. Il conviendrait de transposer et dĂ©velopper une partie des facteurs de protections repĂ©rĂ©es chez les intervenants, aux populations civiles
N° 85. â Interactions interfaciales entre lâacide dĂ©soxycholique, le cholestĂ©rol et la lĂ©cithine
Lâinteraction interfaciale entre lâacide dĂ©soxycholique, le cholestĂ©rol et la lĂ©cithine a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e par la mĂ©thode des films mixtes Ă©talĂ©es Ă lâinterface eau/air. De plus, la thĂ©orie, Ă©laborĂ©e rĂ©cemment par lâun dâentre nous, permettant de dĂ©crire le comportement superficiel dâun mĂ©lange de tensides a Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©e Ă lâinterface solution/phase huileuse (heptane ou tĂ©trachlorure de carbone). Ces expĂ©riences faites aux interfaces eau/air et eau/heptane ou tĂ©trachlorure de carbone indiquent si les interactions sont dues aux forces Van der Waals ou non. Il en suit que lâinteraction entre les films Ă©talĂ©s de la lĂ©cithine et lâacide dĂ©soxycholique en absence des ions calciques, observĂ©e Ă lâinterface eau/air, serait due aux forces de Van der Waals. En prĂ©sence des ions calciques, pourtant une interaction se manifeste aussi Ă lâinterface eau/phase huileuse indiquant que les ions calciques forment un complexe entre les groupes carboxyliques et phosphorylĂ©s. Lâinteraction entre le cholestĂ©rol et lâacide dĂ©soxycholique se manifeste aussi bien Ă lâinterface eau/air quâĂ lâinterface eau/phase huileuse. Il y a aussi un effet de pH, mais le rĂŽle des ions calciques est peu important
Impact des attentats du 13 novembre 2015 sur les enfants des civils exposĂ©s et sur les relations parentsâenfants
International audienceIntroductionSantĂ© publique France carried out a web-based epidemiological survey (ESPA 13 Novembre) between 8 and 12 months after the terrorist attacks of the 13 November 2015. This was done in order to explore the post-traumatic psychological impact of the attacks on the directly exposed civilians and responders as well as their use of healthcare services. The survey took the form of a series of closed-ended questions as well as several open-ended questions. We present here an analysis of the responses of civilians to the following specific question: âIf you have children, can you tell us whether you think the experience you went through had an effect on them, or on your relationship with them? Can you explain?â.ObjectiveTo find out about the impact of the attacks on the children of exposed civilians and on parentâchild relationships, something that has never been studied in the context of mass attacks.MethodWe carried out a thematic analysis of civiliansâ responses to this specific question, building up general themes by data reduction.ResultsThe analyses revealed four main themes which relate to the impact of the exposure to terrorist attacks on parent-child relationships, the changes experienced in their role as parents, their children's reactions and, finally, the ways in which they tried to protect their children.DiscussionThe parents highlighted the psychological changes that operated in them, their unease, their fear of the outside world, and their concern for their children's safety. They discussed the consequences of the attacks on their children in terms of stress, insecurity, psychological disturbances, and even of the emergence of real disorders. The parents have tried to fulfil their protective role in a variety of ways, sometimes with a feeling of powerlessness reinforced for some by the difficulty of finding suitable care spaces. Attachment bonds have, for the most part, tightened in these families demonstrating their reassuring function within the group. It seems essential to care for children, and the family as a whole, alongside their parents, in order to re-establish secure attachment bonds which are a factor in resilience.IntroductionLâEnquĂȘte de SantĂ© publique post-attentats du 13 novembre 2015 (ESPA 13 novembre) est une enquĂȘte Ă©pidĂ©miologique rĂ©alisĂ©e par SantĂ© publique France, dans le cadre du programme 13 novembre. Le premiĂšre phase a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e en 2016. Elle interroge les personnes civiles et les intervenants (professionnels et bĂ©nĂ©voles) exposĂ©s aux attaques afin dâexplorer lâimpact post-traumatique des attentats sur leur santĂ© ainsi que leur recours aux soins. LâenquĂȘte se prĂ©sente sous la forme dâune sĂ©rie de questions fermĂ©es ainsi que de plusieurs questions ouvertes. Nous exposons ici lâanalyse des rĂ©ponses des civils, rĂ©digĂ©es entre 8 et 12 mois aprĂšs les attentats, Ă la question spĂ©cifique suivante : « Si vous avez des enfants, pouvez-vous nous dire si vous pensez que lâexpĂ©rience que vous avez vĂ©cue a eu un effet sur eux, ou sur la relation avec eux ? Pouvez-vous nous expliquer ? ».ObjectifIl sâagit de connaĂźtre lâimpact des attentats sur les enfants des civils exposĂ©s et sur les relations parentsâenfants, ce qui a Ă©tĂ© peu Ă©tudiĂ© dans le cadre dâattentats de masse.MĂ©thodeNous avons procĂ©dĂ© Ă une analyse thĂ©matique des rĂ©ponses des civils Ă la question spĂ©cifique concernant leurs enfants, en constituant les thĂ©matiques gĂ©nĂ©rales par rĂ©duction de donnĂ©es.RĂ©sultatsLâanalyse thĂ©matique laisse apparaĂźtre quatre thĂšmes principaux qui concernent lâimpact des attentats sur les relations parentsâenfants, les changements vĂ©cus dans leur rĂŽle de parent, les rĂ©actions des enfants et enfin, la maniĂšre dont ils ont tentĂ© de protĂ©ger leurs enfants.DiscussionQuelques mois aprĂšs les attentats de novembre 2015, une partie des participants Ă lâenquĂȘte mettent en avant les changements psychiques qui se sont opĂ©rĂ©s chez eux : mal-ĂȘtre, peur du monde extĂ©rieur, inquiĂ©tude concernant la sĂ©curitĂ© de leurs enfants. Ils relĂšvent dâexistence de difficultĂ©s chez leurs enfants termes de stress, dâinsĂ©curitĂ©, de perturbations psychiques jusquâĂ lâĂ©mergence de vĂ©ritables troubles. Sâils ont tentĂ© de mobiliser leur fonction de protection de multiples façons, une partie dâentre eux indiquent se sentir impuissant et avoir des difficultĂ©s Ă trouver des espaces de soins adaptĂ©s. Les enfants de leur cĂŽtĂ© peuvent Ă©galement se montrer trĂšs protecteur avec leurs parents. Pour certains, cette inquiĂ©tude mutuelle a provoquĂ© un resserrement des liens familiaux qui a pour fonction la rĂ©assurance du groupe
Attentats de novembre 2015 Ă Paris : impact sur les relations parentsâenfants et sur les enfants des professionnels et bĂ©nĂ©voles mobilisĂ©s au secours des victimes
International audienceIntroduction : After the attacks in Paris and Saint-Denis in November 2015, SantĂ© publique France launched the November 2015 Post-Attacks Public Health Survey (ESPA November 13) open to people exposed as well as to professionals and volunteers (first responders) came to the rescue of civilians on the night of the attacks or in the weeks that followed. these victims could be people directly threatened or witnesses. Among the questions of the survey, one of them concerns the effect of the attacks on parentâchild relations and on the children. This article discusses the responses of the first responders. Method : Carried out via the Internet, the survey takes place in two phases carried out in 2016 and 2020. It consists of closed-ended and open-ended questions, including the question of interest for this article: âIf you have children, can you tell us if you think the experience you had had an effect on them, or on the relationship with them? Can you explain to us?â The answers are analyzed according to a thematic analysis with comparison of the answers collected in 2016 and 2020. Results : Five main themes show that a part of the first responders did not notice any change in their children or in their relationships with their children. For the others, they identify factors of psychic contagion which raise questions about their ability to have been able to protect their children. Parentâchild relationships are modified, and some children have developed a strong concern for their parents or even various disorders. Conclusion : The attacks had a psychological impact for some children and modified the parentâchild attachment ties (more fusional attachment ties), highlighting a strong feeling of insecurity for both parents and children, at the risk of impeding the process of empowerment of children.Introduction : AprĂšs les attentats de Paris et Saint-Denis en novembre 2015, SantĂ© publique France a lancĂ© lâEnquĂȘte de SantĂ© publique postattentats de novembre 2015 (ESPA 13 novembre) ouverte aux personnes exposĂ©es ainsi quâaux professionnels et bĂ©nĂ©voles (intervenants) venus au secours des civils. Parmi les questions de lâenquĂȘte, lâune dâelles porte sur lâeffet des attentats sur les relations parentsâenfants et sur les enfants. Cet article traite des rĂ©ponses des intervenants. MĂ©thode : RĂ©alisĂ©e par Internet, lâenquĂȘte se dĂ©roule en deux phases rĂ©alisĂ©es en 2016 et 2020. Elle se compose de questions fermĂ©es et ouvertes dont la question dâintĂ©rĂȘt de cet article : « Si vous avez des enfants, pouvez-vous nous dire si vous pensez que lâexpĂ©rience que vous avez vĂ©cue a eu un effet sur eux, ou sur la relation avec eux ? Pouvez-vous nous expliquer ? ». Les rĂ©ponses sont traitĂ©es selon une analyse thĂ©matique avec comparaison des rĂ©ponses recueillies en 2016 et 2020. RĂ©sultats : Cinq thĂšmes principaux apparaissent montrant quâune partie des intervenants nâont constatĂ© aucun changement chez leurs enfants ou dans leurs relations avec leurs enfants. Pour les autres, ils identifient des facteurs de contagion psychique qui les interrogent sur leur capacitĂ© Ă avoir su protĂ©ger leurs enfants. Les relations parentsâenfants sont modifiĂ©es et certains enfants ont dĂ©veloppĂ© une forte inquiĂ©tude pour leurs parents voire des troubles divers. Conclusion : Les attentats ont eu un impact psychique pour certains enfants et ont modifiĂ© les liens dâattachements, mettant en avant un fort sentiment dâinsĂ©curitĂ© des membres de la famille, au risque dâempĂȘcher le processus dâautonomisation des enfants
ĂpidĂ©miologie du cancer de la thyroĂŻde 30 ans aprĂšs lâaccident de Tchernobyl FrĂ©quence, facteurs de risque et impact des pratiques diagnostiques
National audienceThirty years after the Chernobyl accident, this article presents recent epidemiological knowledge about thyroid cancer. Its incidence has increased over the last 30 years in France and worldwide. Improved diagnostic practices are one of the main explanations of this increase, some authors even consider that it induces a large over-diagnosis. Besides, exposure to ionizing radiation, either external (X or gamma rays) or internal (incorporation of iodine-131), especially in childhood, remains the main known risk factor of this cancer to date. Fallout from the Chernobyl accident has raised much worry in France and Europe, and increasing medical and dental X-ray exposure is a source of concern. Studies on population who were leaving close to the affected area around Chernobyl at the time have provided new information on thyroid cancer epidemiology, especially on the impact of exposure to iodine-131 during childhood. However, studies designed after the Fukushima disaster highlight the difficulty of estimating the impact of a nuclear accident on the incidence of thyroid cancer in a context of potential over-diagnosis. It is important to build a strategy for collecting and providing information to estimate the real impact of a nuclear accident in terms of public health, in the event of such an accident in Europe. © 2016, Institut de Veille Sanitaire. All rights reserved
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