Forms and determinants of sexual abuse among female child hawkers in Uyo, Nigeria

Background: Female hawkers are exposed to numerous hazards including sexual abuse. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence, forms and determinants of sexual abuse among female child hawkers in Uyo, Nigeria.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out among female child hawkers in Uyo, Nigeria. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and was analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 software. Level of significance was set at 0.05.Result: A total of 172 respondents participated in the study. The mean age was 12.9±2.3 years. School dropout rate was 11.6% among respondents. Commonest reasons for hawking included family support (66.8%), feeding (22.1%) and generating school fees (11.1%). Prevalence of any form of sexual abuse was 76.2%. Forms of sexual abuse reported included verbal abuse (54.1%), inappropriate touching (56.4%), kissing (14.5%), intercourse due to enticement (18.0%) and rape (12.2%). The commonest reason for sexual act among those enticed was monetary gains, (64.5%). Consequences of sexual abuse included STI (13.5%), pregnancy (5.8%) and abortion (5.8%) respectively. Predictors of any form of sexual abuse included being aged 14-17 years (OR =14.70, 95%CI=2.05-105.14, p=0.007), being a dropout (OR=7.37, 95%CI=2.21-24.59, p=0.001) and being from social class V (OR=23.44, 95%CI=1.13-401.67, p=0.031).Conclusion: There was high prevalence of sexual abuse ranging from inappropriate touching to rape. Predictors of sexual abuse included age, being a dropout and of low socio economic class. Enlightenment campaigns on risks of female child hawking, establishment of skill acquisition centres and free education to secondary level are advocated.Keywords: Female hawkers; Sexual abuse; Rape; Determinants; Uyo; Nigeri

Seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody and risk factors among abattoir workers in Uyo, Southern Nigeria

Context: The asymptomatic nature of toxoplasmosis with its severe consequences, especially in populations with high HIV infection rate, makes it a disease of public health importance. Being a zoonosis, Toxoplasma gondii infection may be high among people who work with animals. Thus, there is the need to determine the prevalence of the infection among abattoir workers in Uyo, where HIV prevalence rate is in double digits, which could lead to reactivation of toxoplasmosis in those with immunosuppression.Aim: To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of T. gondii infection in abattoir workers in Uyo.Settings and Design: A descriptive cross‑sectional study that was conducted among persons who work with livestock and birds, in Uyo and its environs.Methodology: The study was conducted among 339 workers in abattoirs in Uyo and its environs. Data were collected using interviewer‑administered questionnaire and detection of IgG antibodies to T. gondii using ELISA technique and HIV testing using the national algorithm. Data were analyzed using STATA statistical software version 20, and statistically significant level was set at P < 0.05.Results: The seroprevalence of T. gondii IgG antibodies among the study participants was 55.8%. At a univariate level, many factors were associated with T. gondii seropositivity; they were age, sex, level of education, ethnicity, occupation in the abattoir, type of animal exposure, always washing hands before eating in the workplace, and taking of raw/unpasteurized milk. However, after multivariate analysis, participants exposed to poultry, butchers/raw meat sellers, and those who had worked for more than 5 years in abattoirs were at a greater risk of being T. gondii IgG seropositive; odds ratio (OR) 5.46 [confidence interval (CI) 1.88, 15.86]; OR 1.89 (CI 1.14, 3.14), and OR 1.25 (CI 1.25, 6.42), respectively.Conclusion: T. gondii IgG seroprevalence is high among abattoir workers in Uyo, and there is a need for Akwa Ibom State government to establish enlightenment and prevention programs for these occupationally exposed and other populations at risk of infection.Keywords: Abattoir workers, IgG antibodies, seroprevalence, toxoplasmosi

Assessing the relationship among service quality, student satisfaction and loyalty: the NIGERIAN higher education experience

Higher educational institutions are engaged in the provision of services and thus require better focus on satisfying the needs and anticipation of their participating consumers (students). Additionally, it is the delivery of quality services that creates loyal consumers: consumers who patronize the institution more and who stimulate others to patronize. While past researchers have discovered a relationship between service quality and student loyalty in higher educational institutions (HEIs) in developed countries, the peculiar nature of HEIs operating in an emerging country like Nigeria is yet to be examined. Therefore, this study examined the role of quality service, student satisfaction and loyalty in higher education institutions in Nigeria. The study was conducted in a private University in Nigeria because of the stringent competition within the subsector. The descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in this study. A survey of 265 students from the private university provided data for the study through structured questionnaire. Utilizing the structural equation model. The findings revealed a significant association between service quality and student loyalty. However, this relationship is mediated by student satisfaction. Going by the discoveries of the study, it is suggested among others, that the delivery of quality services should be targeted towards satisfying the student as this will help build the loyalty of the student to the institution