The efficient allocation and usage of resources in the higher education system

The performance orientation of the higher education system, along with its evaluation and financing according to quality criteria may remain unfulfilled objectives if there will not be the desire and determination to promote and apply such policies. Today’s system of funding the public higher education system is based on the assumption that the state has the obligation to provide the funding, while the institutions and the students carry little responsibility compared to the resources allocated to them. Without an own financial effort from the student s’ side comes little responsibility for the quality of the received tuition, while without financial effort on the educational institution’s side there is little preoccupation for providing a quality service. It is of the utmost urgency that the present funding system be modified, in a fashion that would allow creating an educational system acting as a competitive educational services market, where the access to state funds should be granted selectively to universities and students depending on the performance demonstrated by certain indicators. To conclude, it is irrelevant what the amount of funds allocated from the state budget is, while the efficiency of their administration is not sufficiently focused on increasing the system’s overall performance.education system, funding, institutional contract, complementary contract

CHALLENGES FOR ROMANIAN ECONOMY AS AN EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES

Romanian economy is in an ongoing transformation process starting with 1990. These involve changes of legislation, institutions, human perceptions of economic activity and productivity in order to fulfill the new challenges. Transformation process have gaEuropean Union, economic integration, welfare

THE ISSUE OF MUNICIPAL BONDS, A CHALLENGE FOR THE ROMANIAN LOCAL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONS

This paperwork studies the municipal bond loan issue situation on the Romanianfinancial market and its relation with the local financial decentralization. We discussed also aboutthe opportunity of the municipal rating in selling local bonds and the advantages gave by this kindof financial instruments, both for the issuers and the investors.municipal bonds, local public administration, decentralization, rating;

INVESTIGATION OF THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF ROMANIAN INTEGRATION IN EUROPEAN UNION

The aim of this study is to investigate the costs and benefits of Romanian integration in European Union. Starting from this ideea, the paper presents the political and economic factors that conduct to the integration even that the economic growth is undeEuropean Union, integration costs, integration benefits

CHAOS OR TURBULENCE ON THE VOLATILITY OF PUBLIC REVENUES

In an intuitive attempt to define financial distress in the public sector, it can be represented by the turbulence over the normal rhythm of indicators’ evolution in the public revenues, due to the influence of exogenous factors coming from the real economy, the behavior of taxpayers as well as to other influencing factors. This way of defining financial distress makes it possible to measuring its composing elements, such as: the turbulence and the influence of exogenous factors. The application of financial distress tests for the public budgetary indicators and the notification of its existence can be of real use for the central and local governments, taxation policy.local government revenues, public taxation, financial distress

CHALLENGES FOR ROMANIAN ECONOMY AS AN EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES

Romanian economy is in an ongoing transformation process starting with 1990. These involve changes of legislation, institutions, human perceptions of economic activity and productivity in order to fulfill the new challenges. Transformation process have g

INVESTIGATION OF THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF ROMANIAN INTEGRATION IN EUROPEAN UNION

The aim of this study is to investigate the costs and benefits of Romanian integration in European Union. Starting from this ideea, the paper presents the political and economic factors that conduct to the integration even that the economic growth is und

Considerations Regarding the International Taxation

Taxation, an essential element of an efficient public finance system, is the best way for collecting income to achive the public expenditures programs and, in the same time, a way to redistribute the income, in order to get rid of poverty and to ensure social equity. Studies on the topic of international taxation, in its traditional meaning, were addressed to the problems regarding the international taxation effects on trade and investments, unequitable and discriminatory taxation, also the means of preventing such cases, international fiscal evasion, all these aspects being comprised into the area of fiscal competition. The present concept of international taxation, meant to cross states borders, in order to redistribute the income or to achive other objectives with international implications, such as fight against poverty, maintaining world peace or environment protection, is a quite recent one

Principles for Private and Public Internalisation of Externalities. A Synoptic View

Externalities represent a market failure situation and they appear when one person´s activities influence other person´s welfare in a way that is outside the market mechanism. In contrast to the effects transmitted by market prices, externalities negatively affect the economic efficiency. They arise in everyday life and are noticed only if the effects are obvious. Ronald Coase´s approach started from the premises that externalities can be internalized. His model provides private sector means to defend against market failure. Coase´s solution to internalize externalities based on negotiation between the involved parties, given the property rights, has influenced the free market approach of market failures and today many economists consider that governments should work with the market and not against it using taxes and regulations. In the mainstream literature it is said that if for small local externalities the private sector can find solutions to solve problems, big scale externalities, such as global warming, need government intervention. As far as the last ones are concerned, we can talk about: a) the Pigouvian tax, which is a tax levied on polluting activities; b) the Pigouvian subsidy, given to those who suffer from negative externalities; c) the subsidy paid to individuals or firms to conduct activities with positive externalities; d) legal regulations, such as limits for emitting polluters and restrictions regarding the time of day or year when negative externalities can be legally produced

Fiscal Federalism

The central budget of a country collects only a fraction of the total fiscal revenues and executes only o fraction of the national public expenditures, the rest of the revenues and expenditures becoming the responsability of subnational governments. The economist Charles Tiebout developed a theoretical model which although makes an imperfect description of the reality, shows that people’s mobility is being influenced by tax rates and the amount of state/local expenditures. Thus, he suggests that the degree of responsibility that can be appointed to the local budgets should subscribe to the tax – benefits ratio, the extend of the positive externalities and the scale economies of public goods. Also, the issue of revenues distribution among communities is being raised, being identified three kinds of grants used by the public authorities: matching grants, block grants and conditional block grants. In the concept of fiscal federalism there can be found a limited analogy between national public finance theory and international public finance theory, with the international taxation as the pivotal element