Behavioral Responses of Pacific Lamprey to Alarm Cues

Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus), an anadromous ectoparasite, faces several challenges during adult migration to spawning grounds. Developingmethods to address these challenges is critical to the success of ongoing conservation efforts. The challenges are diverse, and include anthropogenic alterations to the ecosystem resulting in loss of habitat, impassable barriers such as dams, climate change impacts, and altered predator fields. We conducted a behavioral study to understand how adult migrating Pacific lamprey respond to potential alarm cues: White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), human saliva, decayed Pacific lamprey, and river otter (Lontra canadensis). Research has shown that some species of lamprey can be guided to a location using odors and similar cues may be useful as a management tool for Pacific lamprey. Experiments were conducted over 2 nights and measured the number of entries (count) and duration of time spent (occupancy) by adult lamprey in each arm of a two-choice maze. During the first night, no odor was added to test for selection bias between arms. During the second night odor was added to one arm of the maze. Contrary to expectations, lamprey were significantly attracted to the river otter odor in both count and occupancy. No significant differences were found in the response of lamprey to the other three odors. Results from this study indicate that Pacific lamprey do respond to some odors; however, additional tests are necessary to better identify the types of odors and concentrations that elicit a repeatable response

The Iowa Homemaker vol.7, no.1

Table of Contents Modern Dress – Controversial Article, page 1 What’s In a Name? by Marcia E. Turner, page 2 Helps for the Spring Market Basket by Margaret L. Marnette, page 3 Lacquer for Ktichen Tables by Della J. Norton, page 3 A Pressure or a Fireless Cooker – Which? by Ethel Cessna Morgan, page 4 4-H Page, page 6 Iowa State Home Economics Association Page, page 8 News Notes, page 10 Editorial, page 11 Who’s There and Where, page 12 The Children’s Hour by Mary E. Moser, page 14 Hammer, Saw, Paint Brush and Nerve by Eleanor Baur, page 15 Had Your Iron Today?, page 1

Defining an Evidence-Based Cutpoint for Medication Adherence in Heart Failure

BACKGROUND: Despite the importance of medication adherence in heart failure, clinically relevant cutpoints for distinguishing the level of adherence associated with outcomes are unknown. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determine the cutpoint above which there is a positive relationship between level of medication adherence and event-free survival. METHODS: This was a longitudinal study of 135 patients with heart failure. Medication adherence was measured using a valid and objective measure, the Medication Event Monitoring System. Two indicators of adherence were assessed by the Medication Event Monitoring System (AARDEX, Union City, CA): (1) dose count, percentage of prescribed doses taken, and (2) dose days, percentage of days the correct number of doses was taken. Patients were followed up to 3.5 years to collect data on outcomes. A series of Kaplan-Meier plots with log-rank tests, Cox survival analyses, and receiver operating characteristic curves were assessed comparing event-free survival in patients divided at one-point incremental cutpoints. RESULTS: Event-free survival was significantly better when the prescribed number of doses taken (dose count) or the correct dose (dose day) was \u3e or =88%. This level was confirmed in a Cox regression model controlling for age, gender, ejection fraction, New York Heart Association, comorbidity, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use, and beta-blocker use. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that adherence rates above 88% produced the optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity with respect to predicting better event-free survival. With 88% as the adherence cutpoint, the hazard ratio for time to first event for the nonadherent group was 2.2 by dose count (P = .021) and 3.2 by dose day (P = .002). CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide clinicians and researchers with an evidence-based recommendation about the level of adherence needed to achieve optimal clinical outcomes

Rurality and Event-Free Survival in Patients With Heart Failure

Background Evidence of health disparities between urban and rural populations usually favors urban dwellers. The impact of rurality on heart failure (HF) outcomes is unknown. Objective We compared event-free survival between HF patients living in urban and rural areas. Methods In this longitudinal study, 136 patients with HF (male, 70%; age, mean ± SD 61 ± 11 years; New York Heart Association class III/IV, 60%) were enrolled. Patients\u27 emergency department visits for HF exacerbation and rehospitalization during follow-up were identified. Rural status was determined by rural-urban commuting area code. Survival analysis was used to determine the effect of rurality on outcomes while controlling for relevant demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables. Results Rural patients (64%) had longer event-free survival than urban patients (P = .015). Rurality (P = .04) predicted event-free survival after controlling for age, marital status, New York Heart Association class, medications, adherence to medications, depressive symptoms, and social support. Conclusions Rural patients were less likely than their urban counterparts to experience an event. Further research is needed to identify protective factors that may be unique to rural settings

Nutrition Intervention to Decrease Symptoms in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure

For a majority of patients with advanced heart failure, there is a need for complementary, non-pharmacologic interventions that could be easily implemented by health care providers to provide palliative care. Three major pathologic pathways underlying heart failure symptoms have been identified: fluid overload, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Prior research has demonstrated that three nutrients-sodium, omega-3 fatty acids, and lycopene-can alter these pathologic pathways. Therefore, the purposes of this study are to test the effects of a 6-month nutrition intervention of dietary sodium reduction combined with supplementation of lycopene and omega-3 fatty acids on heart failure symptoms, health-related quality of life, and time to heart failure rehospitalization or all-cause death. The aims of this double blind-placebo controlled study are (1) to determine the effects of a 6-month nutrition intervention on symptom burden (edema, shortness of air, and fatigue) and health-related quality of life at 3 and 6 months, and time to heart failure rehospitalization or all-cause death over 12 months from baseline; (2) compare dietary sodium intake, inflammation, and markers of oxidative stress between the nutrition intervention group and a placebo group at 3 and 6 months; and (3) compare body weight, serum lycopene, and erythrocyte omega-3 index between the nutrition intervention group and a placebo group at 3 and 6 months. A total of 175 patients with advanced heart failure will be randomized to either the nutrition intervention or placebo group

Thoughts and behaviors of women with symptoms of acute coronary syndrome

Women delay seeking care for symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) because of atypical symptoms, perceptions of invulnerability, or keeping symptoms to themselves. The purpose of this study was to explore how women recognized and interpreted their symptoms and subsequently decided whether to seek treatment within the context of their lives

Medication adherence, social support, and event-free survival in patients with heart failure.

Medication adherence and perceived social support are independent predictors of mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the predictive power of the combination of medication adherence and perceived social support for hospitalization and death has not been investigated in patients with HF

Translocating Adult Pacific Lamprey within the Columbia River Basin: State of the Science

The Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) is in decline in the Columbia River Basin, and translocating adult lamprey to bypass difficult migration corridors has been implemented since 2000. We describe and report results from two current translocation programs, provide context for use of translocation, and discuss potential benefits, risks, and uncertainties. Both translocation programs appear to have increased the number of spawning adults and the presence of larvae and juveniles; however, any subsequent increase in naturally spawning adults will require at least one, and likely more, generations to be realized. It was seen that the number of adults entering the Umatilla River increased beginning four years after the first translocations. Potential benefits of translocation programs are increased pheromone production by ammocoetes to attract adults, increased lamprey distribution and abundance in target areas, increased marine-derived nutrients, and promotion of tribal culture. Potential risks include disruption of population structure and associated genetic adaptations, disease transmission, and depletion of donor stocks.This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by the American Fisheries Society and published by Taylor & Francis. It can be found at: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/ufsh20/curren

Depressive Symptom Trajectory Predicts 1-Year Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure

One-third of patients with heart failure (HF) experience depressive symptoms that adversely affect health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We aimed to describe depressive symptom trajectory and determine whether a change in depressive symptoms predicts subsequent HRQOL