: Entretien avec Birgitta Orfali Janvier 2005

Archives ouvertes du IIAC UMR8177, responsable Eliane Daphy.International audienceIn this interview Birgitta Orfali asks Serge Moscovici about the specificity of his social psychological triadic model. Rather than underline disciplinary theories or concepts, the aim of this interview is to inquire how the triadic model permits an approach to both of its originality in social psychology and its impact on larger fields of application than just strictly scientific areas.Dans cette interview, Birgitta Orfali interroge Serge Moscovici sur la spécificité du regard psychosocial afin de souligner l'importance, non de théories ou de concepts disciplinaires, mais d'un regard qui permet d'appréhender à la fois l'originalité de la psychologie sociale et son impact sur des domaines autres que seulement scientifiques

Les thèmes d'une psychologie politique

Une des questions non résolues de la fin du XIXe siècle à nos jours est de mieux comprendre la place des troubles individuels et collectifs dans les désordres sociaux. Suivant donc le courant issu d'une problématique médicale de la fin du XIXe qui partait de la double logique pathologique, celle de l'individu et celle de la société, ce numéro tente de répondre aux questions suivantes : Peut-il y avoir des individus libres dans une société de masse? En quoi réside l'autonomie individuelle quand domine le règne du collectif? Les désordres individuels sont-ils autre chose que le reflet des désordres sociaux? Trois parties : 1. Désordre individuel et désordre social, avec des textes de H. Bernheim, G. Tarde, A. Hamon, P. Aubry et A. Binet entre autres. 2. Psychologie politique. 3. Psychanalyse et politique, avec un extrait de la correspondance S. Freud-A. Einstei

Rational Group Decision Making. A random field Ising model at T=0

A modified version of a finite random field Ising ferromagnetic model in an external magnetic field at zero temperature is presented to describe group decision making. Fields may have a non-zero average. A postulate of minimum inter-individual conflicts is assumed. Interactions then produce a group polarization along one very choice which is however randomly selected. A small external social pressure is shown to have a drastic effect on the polarization. Individual bias related to personal backgrounds, cultural values and past experiences are introduced via quenched local competing fields. They are shown to be instrumental in generating a larger spectrum of collective new choices beyond initial ones. In particular, compromise is found to result from the existence of individual competing bias. Conflict is shown to weaken group polarization. The model yields new psycho-sociological insights about consensus and compromise in groups.Comment: 25 pages, late

Just use it! Linguistic conversion and identities of resistance amongst Galician new speakers

In recent years there has been a focus in language policy research on understanding how national policies are interpreted and negotiated by social actors on the ground. This paper looks at the interplay between government and grassroots initiatives to create Galician-speaking spaces in predominantly Spanish-speaking urban settings. While official language policies in Galicia since the 1980s have increased the potential for language use through bilingual educational policies, these policies have failed to convert the large pool of potential speakers amongst a younger generation of Galicians into active language users. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and in-depth interviews with Galician neofalantes (new speakers) this paper looks at instances where such policies seem to have worked and where the linguistic capacity created through the education system has been converted into active language use. The article examines how such speakers rationalise their practice of linguistic conversion not as success stories of language policy but as reactions to and dissatisfaction with what is perceived as ‘top-down’ governmentality through a reflexive process in which existing power structures are brought into question. The article looks specifically as the ideologies underpinning their decisions to become active speakers and the role they play as language planners in contemporary Galicia