Mesure et Analyse de l’Efficacité des Etablissements de la Formation Professionnelle en Tunisie

Le présent travail a pour objectif de mesurer et d’analyser l’efficacité des établissements de la formation professionnelle en Tunisie. Pour cela, une méthodologie en deux étapes a été utilisée. La première étape concerne l’estimation de l’efficacité technique par le modèle BCC (1984). La deuxième étape estime l’efficacité allocative en utilisant les modèles des coûts d’ombre: Kumbhakar (1996) et Balk (1997). Les principaux résultats montrent, d’une part, que ces établissements peuvent être classés, par niveau d’efficacité technique, en trois groupes. Le groupe hautement efficace, dont les scores dépassent 0.8, renferme 20% des établissements. Le groupe moyennement efficace, dont les scores sont entre 0.5 et 0.79, renferme 46%. Enfin, le groupe faiblement efficace, avec des scores inferieurs à 0.5, contient le reste des centres. D’autre part, les résultats montrent que les centres sont allocativement efficaces (\u3e 0.8). This paper aims to measure and analyze efficiency of public training establishments in Tunisia. For that, a two-stage methodology is used. The first stage estimates technical efficiency scores using the BCC model (1984). The second, based on results of the first stage, estimates allocative ones using shadow cost models: Kumbhakar (1996) and Balk (1997). The main results provide, on the one hand, that establishments could be classified, by technical efficiency level, into three groups. The most efficient group, with scores higher than 0.8, includes 20% of establishments. The middle efficient group, with scores between 0.5 and 0.79, represents 46%. Finally, the rest (34%) represent a lower efficient group with scores under 0.5. However, results show that centers are allocatively efficient (\u3e0.8)

Evaluating the Effects of COVID-19 and Vaccination on Employment Behaviour: A Panel Data Analysis Acrossthe World

COVID-19 is a fast-invading virus that quickly invaded the human body and made no human activity immune to its infections. The purpose of this study is to simulate the effects of COVID-19 on employment behaviour and vaccination’s weight in the recovery process. Based on quarterly panel data from 43 nations from 2018 to 2020, we built an adaptive employment model. The major findings demonstrate that COVID-19 has negative and large net and second effects, with parameters of −7049 and −15,768 employees each quarter for 100,000 infected people, respectively. While immunization has a positive net effect of 10,900 employees every quarter, it has a negative second effect of −29,817 employees. This last result may look strange, but it is rational and demonstrates that immunizations modify employees’ behaviour toward prevention measures, leading to actions such as resuming mobility, reopening, cancelling confinement, and so on, even though COVID-19 continues to spread. Demand, the labour force, the short-term multiplier, and immunization appear to have a positive and large impact on employment behaviour, while average labour productivity appears to have a negative impact

Assessment of Environmental and Economic Impacts of Municipal Solid Wastes Management System: A Case Study

In pursuance of the Saudi vision 2030, the Al-Hasa municipality has been allocating a total of US$60.1 million since 2018 to the implementation of a modern Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) management system. In addition to the improved old components, the system involves six new-engineered cells, five of which will be gradually implemented in progresses, two waste sort-out lines station, and LFG energy recovery. The present research aimed at investigating the environmental and economic impacts of this MSW management system. For this purpose, the authors applied the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and Life Cycle Costs Analysis (LCCA) approaches. The main results showed that the air quality was not affected. For instance, gas emission, like carbon monoxide, was less than 0.1 ppm. However, soil and groundwater were contaminated due to leachate infiltration from the uncontrolled cell in which Chloride, Nitrate, and Sulfate exceeded the maximum limits. As for noise, it was found to be high near the sorting-out station at 71.1 Leq dBA. In terms of the financial aspect, the improved MSW management was relatively feasible despite its high costs over its revenues. Thus, the negative cash-flow could be supplemented by setting household taxes at US$ 29 per capita per year, which makes the project cost-effective. Thus, the research recommends continuing the MSW management project