Response surface and artificial neural network simulation for process design to produce L-lysine by Corynebacterium glutamicum NCIM 2168

269-279The L-lysine is one of the most important essential amino acid used in food and pharmaceutical industries. The present investigation was conducted to optimize the L-lysine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum (NCIM 2168). The production parameters such as the temperature, pH and glucose concentration (g/l) were optimised and evaluated by simulation method to develop a suitable model. The experimental design was done using central composite design (CCD). Total 20 set of experiments were performed according to the CCD. The factors and their responses were analysed by using the statistical tools: response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) linked with genetic algorithm (GA). The predicted optimum production of L-lysine was 19.003 g/l and 28.363 g/l by CCD-RSM and ANN-GA respectively. During validation by GA under optimized conditions, the L-lysine production was found to be 27.25 ± 1.15 g/l, which was significantly high than that obtained using CCD-RSM optimization method. The ANN coupled with GA was found to be a powerful tool for optimizing production parameters with high level of accuracy. This technique may be used for other fermentation products to optimize the important process parameters before scaling up the process to industrial level

A novel microwave mediated disinfection method for hospital linen

806-812Linen fabrics used in healthcare facilities need proper disinfection and sterilization to ensure hygiene. Due to several side effects from the recommended chemical disinfectants, there is always a need for appropriate and affordable technology to disinfect and sterilize the linen. Here, we propose a device for dry sterilization of linen using microwave associated thermal heating system. The principle behind this device is dielectric heating, several optimizations, such as microwave strength, exposure, hold time; system heating, etc. was done to achieve an optimum cycle to disinfect the hospital linen. The optimized cycle was sufficient to reduce the surviving rate of microbes up to log 10 value at 70°C system temperature. This low temperature direct killing is suitable for both the life of linen and energy consumption

A Molecular Perspective on HIF-1α and Angiogenic Stimulator Networks and Their Role in Solid Tumors: An Update

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a major transcriptional factor, which plays an important role in cellular reprogramming processes under hypoxic conditions, which facilitate solid tumors’ progression. HIF-1α is directly involved in the regulation of the angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, and extracellular matrix remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, an in-depth study on the role of HIF-1α in solid tumor malignancies is required to develop novel anti-cancer therapeutics. HIF-1α also plays a critical role in regulating growth factors, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor, in a network manner. Additionally, it plays a significant role in tumor progression and chemotherapy resistance by regulating a variety of angiogenic factors, including angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2, matrix metalloproteinase, and erythropoietin, along with energy pathways. Therefore, this review attempts to provide comprehensive insight into the role of HIF-1α in the energy and angiogenesis pathways of solid tumors