The Hidden Structural Rules of the Discontinuous Lambek Calculus

The sequent calculus sL for the Lambek calculus L (lambek 58) has no structural rules. Interestingly, sL is equivalent to a multimodal calculus mL, which consists of the nonassociative Lambek calculus with the structural rule of associativity. This paper proves that the sequent calculus or hypersequent calculus hD of the discontinuous Lambek calculus (Morrill and Valent\'in), which like sL has no structural rules, is also equivalent to an omega-sorted multimodal calculus mD. More concretely, we present a faithful embedding translation between mD and hD in such a way that it can be said that hD absorbs the structural rules of mD.Comment: Submitted to Lambek Festschrift volum

Overtly anaphoric control in type logical grammar

In this paper we analyse anaphoric pronouns in control sentences and we investigate the implications of these kinds of sentences in relation to the Propositional Theory versus Property Theory question. For these purposes, we invoke the categorial calculus with limited contraction, a conservative extension of Lambek calculus that builds contraction into the logical rules for a customized slash type-constructor.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Performance and ruminal microbial and metabolic development of young calves fed diets containing aspergillus oryzae extract

The 1990 Annual KSU Dairy Day is known as Dairy Day, 1990Seventy-three, neonatal, Holstein, heifer calves in one experiment and 45 neonatal, Holstein, bull calves in another were used to study the effects of dietary Aspergillus oryzae extract (Amaferm) on calf performance. Forty of the heifer calves were selected to study the effects on ruminal microbial and metabolic development. In general, Amaferm-supplemented calves had greater ruminal microbial activity than the calves fed no Amaferm. For the most part, growth and feed intake were not affected

Catalyzed oxidation of aniline by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of cnts: A Possible case of a nanodimension reaction

The oxidation of aniline by hydrogen peroxide produces nitrosobenzene as the initial product, which undergoes further oxidation to nitrobenzene. The nitrosobenzene formation is catalyzed by functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) followed by a coupling reaction between nitrosobenzene and aniline to produce azobenzene. This reaction proceeds rapidly resulting in the UV-VIS absorption spectrum showing a maxima at 327 nm and 425 nm. The nitrosobenzene yield in the presence of CNTs is controlled by the amount present in the medium. As the reaction is not catalyzed by unfunctionalized CNTs or graphitic particles, the uniqueness of the functionalized multiwalled CNTs in this catalysis suggests a nano dimensional reaction pathway

Bracket induction for Lambek calculus with bracket modalities

Relativisation involves dependencies which, although unbounded, are constrained with respect to certain island domains. The Lambek calculus L can provide a very rudimentary account of relativisation limited to unbounded peripheral extraction; the Lambek calculus with bracket modalities Lb can further condition this account according to island domains. However in naïve parsing/theorem-proving by backward chaining sequent proof search for Lb the bracketed island domains, which can be indefinitely nested, have to be specified in the linguistic input. In realistic parsing word order is given but such hierarchical bracketing structure cannot be assumed to be given. In this paper we show how parsing can be realised which induces the bracketing structure in backward chaining sequent proof search with Lb

Performance of early weaned calves fed lasalocid

Twenty-two newborn, bull calves were used to determine the effects of lasalocid on growth and feed intake of early-weaned calves from week 1 to 12. Calves were assigned to lasalocid or control groups on day 3. Lasalocid-fed group received lasalocid in milk from day 4 to 7 and in milk and pre-starter from days 7 to 14 and in starter feed from weeks 2 to 12. Lasalocid-fed calves had a significantly higher feed consumption and greater weight gain than calves that did not receive lasalocid. The difference became apparent only after 6 wk of age. Lasalocid appears to be a beneficial feed additive for newborn calves.; Dairy Day, 1987, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1987

Recent advances in homogeneous borrowing hydrogen catalysis using earth-abundant first row transition metals

The review highlights the recent advances (2013-present) in the use of earth-abundant first row transition metals in homogeneous borrowing hydrogen catalysis. The utility of catalysts based on Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu to promote a diverse array of important C–C and C–N bond forming reactions is described, including discussion on reaction mechanisms, scope and limitations, and future challenges in this burgeoning area of sustainable catalysis

Pension Plan Distributions: The Importance of Financial Literacy

This chapter examines workers’ plans to take lump sum distributions versus life annuities from employer retirement plans. The analysis is based on before and after surveys of retirement eligible workers who attended employer-provided retirement planning seminars. We consider workers’ planned distributional choices from both defined benefit and 401(k) plans. A minority of respondents plan to take the non-default options, highlighting the importance of framing. Additionally, higher financial literacy is associated with lower rates of annuitization in both plans. We explore how participants change their planned distribution choices after attending seminars that enhance financial knowledge and understanding of retirement plans

Effect of ruminal protozoa on performance of early-weaned calves

Twenty newborn bull calves assigned to two groups, protozoa-free or protozoa-inoculated, were used to determine the effects of ruminal protozoa on performance of early weaned calves. Calves in the protozoa group were inoculated via stomach tube with a suspension of ruminal protozoa at weekly intervals until a viable population was established. Calves were evaluated weekly for weight gain and feed intake. Feed intake and weight gain were not significantly different between the groups but tended to be higher in protozoa-inoculated than protozoa-free calves.; Dairy Day, 1987, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1987