Impacto de la ley de promoción de alimentación saludable en los consumidores de alimentos procesados de Lima Moderna

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto de la ley de promoción de alimentación saludable sobre los consumidores de alimentos procesados en Lima Moderna. En este sentido, el primer capítulo detalla el marco teórico que sirve de base para realizar la investigación, abordando temas relevantes sobre alimentación saludable como: hábitos de consumo, sistema de etiquetado de productos procesados, tipo de octógonos y consumidores. Del mismo modo, se revisaron antecedentes de investigación y experiencias de otros países. En el segundo capítulo, se indica la metodología utilizada para desarrollar la presente investigación, así como, los instrumentos y herramientas utilizadas. Por otro lado, en el tercer capítulo, se realiza un análisis e interpretación de la información recopilada a través de las encuestas efectuadas a la muestra cuantitativa; después, en el capítulo cuatro, se discute los resultados a través de los hallazgos, barreras y brechas encontradas en el análisis de la investigación. Finalmente, en el quinto capítulo, se presentan las conclusiones y recomendaciones, producto del trabajo de investigación.The present research work aims to analyze the impact of the law to promote healthy eating on consumers of processed foods in Modern Lima. In this sense, the first chapter details the theoretical framework that serves as the basis for carrying out the research, addressing relevant topics on healthy eating such as: consumption habits, labeling system for processed products, type of octagons and consumers. Similarly, research antecedents and experiences from other countries were reviewed. In the second chapter, the methodology used to develop this research is indicated, as well as the instruments and tools used. On the other hand, in the third chapter, an analysis and interpretation of the information collected through the surveys carried out on the quantitative sample is carried out; later, in chapter four, the results are discussed through the findings, barriers and gaps found in the research analysis. Finally, in the fifth chapter, the conclusions and recommendations, product of the research work, are presented.Tesi

Familial clustering of Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata: an unknown genetic syndrome?

BACKGROUND: Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) is defined as the occurrence of multiple tumorous intraabdominal lesions, which are myomatous nodules. LPD is a rare disease with only about 100 cases reported. The usual course of LPD is benign with the majority of the patients being premenopausal females. Only two cases involving men have been reported, no syndrome or familial occurrence of LPD has been described. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a Caucasian-American family in which six members (three men) are diagnosed with Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) and three deceased family members most likely had LPD (based on the autopsy reports). Furthermore we describe the association of LPD with Raynaud's syndrome and Prurigo nodularis. CONCLUSION: Familial clustering of Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) has not been reported so far. The etiology of LPD is unknown and no mode of inheritance is known. We discuss possible modes of inheritance in the presented case, taking into account the possibility of a genetic syndrome. Given the similarity to other genetic syndromes with leiomyomatosis and skin alterations, we describe possible similar genetic pathomechanisms

A systematic review of the concept and clinical applications of bone marrow aspirate concentrate in tendon pathology

Tendon pathologies are a group of musculoskeletal conditions frequently seen in clinical practice. They can be broadly classified into traumatic, degenerative and overuse-related tendinopathies. Rotator cuff tears, Achilles tendinopathy and tennis elbow are common examples of these conditions. Conventional treatments have shown inconsistent outcomes and might fail to provide satisfactory clinical improvement. With the growing trend towards the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in other branches of medicine, there is an increasing interest in treating tendon pathologies using the bone marrow MSC. In this article, we provide a systematic literature review documenting the current status of the use of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) for the treatment of tendon pathologies. We also asked the question on the safety of BMAC and whether there are potential complications associated with BMAC therapy. Our hypothesis is that the use of BMAC provides safe clinical benefit when used for the treatment of tendinopathy or as a biological augmentation of tendon repair. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist while preparing this systematic review. A literature search was carried out including the online databases of PubMed, EMBASE, ClinicalTrial.gov and the Cochrane Library from 1960 to the end of May 2015. Relevant studies were selected and critically appraised. Data from eligible studies were extracted and classified per type of tendon pathology. We included 37 articles discussing the application and use of BMAC for the treatment of tendon pathologies. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) appraisal confirmed a satisfactory standard of 37 studies. Studies were sub-categorised into: techniques of extraction, processing and microscopic examination of BMAC (n = 18), where five studies looked at the evaluation of aspiration techniques (n = 5), augmentation of rotator cuff tears (n = 5), augmentation of tendo-achilles tendon (n = 1), treatment of gluteal tendon injuries (n = 1), management of elbow epicondylitis (n = 2), management of patellar tendinopathy (n = 1) and complications related to BMAC (n = 5). Multiple experimental studies investigated the use of BMAC for tendon repair; nonetheless, there are only limited clinical studies available in this field. Unfortunately, due to the scarcity of studies, which were mainly case series, the current level of evidence is weak. We strongly recommend further future randomised controlled studies in this field to allow scientists and clinicians make evidence-based conclusions

Advances in the healing of flexor tendon injuries

The intrasynovial flexor tendons of the hand are critical for normal hand function. Injury to these tendons can result in absent finger flexion, and a subsequent loss of overall hand function. The surgical techniques used to repair these tendons have improved in the past few decades, as have the postoperative rehabilitation protocols. In spite of these advances, intrasynovial flexor tendon repairs continue to be plagued by postoperative scar formation, which limits tendon gliding and prevents a full functional recovery. This paper describes the current challenges of flexor tendon repair, and evaluates the most recent advances and strategies for achieving an excellent functional outcome.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106844/1/wrr12161.pd

Towards a new image processing system at Wendelstein 7-X: From spatial calibration to characterization of thermal events

Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is the most advanced fusion experiment in the stellarator line and is aimed at proving that the stellarator concept is suitable for a fusion reactor. One of the most important issues for fusion reactors is the monitoring of plasma facing components when exposed to very high heat loads, through the use of visible and infrared (IR) cameras. In this paper, a new image processing system for the analysis of the strike lines on the inboard limiters from the first W7-X experimental campaign is presented. This system builds a model of the IR cameras through the use of spatial calibration techniques, helping to characterize the strike lines by using the information given by real spatial coordinates of each pixel. The characterization of the strike lines is made in terms of position, size, and shape, after projecting the camera image in a 2D grid which tries to preserve the curvilinear surface distances between points. The description of the strike-line shape is made by means of the Fourier Descriptors

Forward modeling of collective Thomson scattering for Wendelstein 7-X plasmas: Electrostatic approximation

In this paper, we present a method for numerical computation of collective Thomson scattering (CTS). We developed a forward model, eCTS, in the electrostatic approximation and benchmarked it against a full electromagnetic model. Differences between the electrostatic and the electromagnetic models are discussed. The sensitivity of the results to the ion temperature and the plasma composition is demonstrated. We integrated the model into the Bayesian data analysis framework Minerva and used it for the analysis of noisy synthetic data sets produced by a full electromagnetic model. It is shown that eCTS can be used for the inference of the bulk ion temperature. The model has been used to infer the bulk ion temperature from the first CTS measurements on Wendelstein 7-X

Conceitos atuais de vitamina D e cálcio

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Rosana Marques PereiraMonografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Curso de Especialização em Endocrinologia PediátricaInclui referênciasResumo: Os conhecimentos a respeito das funções biológicas da vitamina D aumentaram grandemente nas últimas décadas. O raquitismo, como causa da deficiência de vitamina D, tornou-se uma doença histórica, no período da Revolução Industrial, quando surtos da enfermidade foram relatados em crianças, em diversas cidades da Europa e Estados Unidos. Porém seu tratamento efetivo só se estabeleceu em 1924, com a descoberta de que alimentos irradiados eram eficientes para a cura do raquitismo. Também são reconhecidas a osteomalácia e a osteoporose como repercussões da deficiência de vitamina D na população adulta. Além do papel bem estabelecido, sobre o metabolismo ósseo, atualmente estuda-se seu papel sobre doenças crônicas, em especial cânceres, diabetes, hipertensão e outras doenças autoimunes. A formação da vitamina D inicia-se através da incidência da luz solar (fotons UVB) sobre a pele e a fotoconversão da 7-dehidrocolesterol em colecalciferol. Sua forma ativa é formada pelas hidroxilações sucessivas, no fígado e nos rins. Sua função metabólica estabelece-se pelo aumento de absorção de cálcio e fosfato no intestino, regulação da remodelação óssea, além da reabsorção destes elementos nos rins. A definição de deficiência de vitamina D em crianças não apresenta consenso, porém seus valores costumam variar entre 11 ng/ml a 15 ng/ml, dependendo das variáveis adotadas nos estudos. A recomendação atual de suplementação de vitamina D encontra-se entre 200 a 400 UI/dia. A preocupação em relação ao risco de cânceres de pele tem limitado a fotoconversão natural da vitamina D, através da exposição solar. Além disso, idade, conteúdo de melanina, uso de fotoprotetores, altas latitudes, horário do dia e cobertura corpórea são outros fatores limitantes da fotoconversão adequada. Estudos epidemiológicos, experimentais e estudos de coorte e de caso-controle têm relacionado deficiência de vitamina D e risco de morte por cânceres e outras doenças crônicas, porém dados ainda são divergentes e assunto de grande polêmica