鶏精子の凍結乾燥に関する研究 : I. 鶏精子の凍結乾燥用保護媒質について

鶏精子の凍結乾燥用保護媒質として全乳,卵ク液,ゼラチン,卵ブ液およびグリセリン卵ブ液を用いて実験を行なった結果は次の如くである. 1. グリセリン卵ブ液を保護媒質とした精液では復元後何れの場合も活力のある精子が観察され,或る実験では活力++以上を示すものが20%もあり,運動力のある精子の出現割合は平均37%であった. 2. 卵ブ液を保護媒質とした精液では活力++以上を示すもの10%の1例を除いては運動精子は観察されず,その出現割合は平均10%であった. 3. 全乳,卵ク液およびゼラチンを保護媒質とした精液では復元後全く運動精子が観察されなかった. 4. 現在の処5つの保護媒質の中でグリセリン卵ブ液が最も適した保存液のように思われる.The present experiment was undertaken in order to determine the diluents suitable for the freeze-drying and reconstitution of fowl spermatozoa. Whole milk, egg yolk citrate solution, gelatin, egg yolk glucose and glycerol egg yolk glucose solution were used for the extender of semen. The results are as follows; 1. In the semen samples diluted with glycerol egg yolk glucose solution, motile spermatozoa were observed at every experiment and the spermatozoa in some case showed 20 percent motility (over ++) and the percentage of motile spermatozoa recovered averaged 37 percent. 2. In the semen samples diluted with egg yolk glucose solution following freeze-drying and reconstitution, motile spermatozoa were not observed with the exception of one single experiment which the motility showed 10 percent (over ++) and the percentage of motile spermatozoa recovered averaged 10 percent. 3. In semen sample diluted with the other three diluents, i.e., whole milk, egg yolk citrate solution and gelatin, motile spermatozoa were not observed at all. 4. Therefore, out of above 5 diluents glycerol egg yolk glucose solution seemed to be the most adequate medium for withstanding freeze-drying preservation of fowl spermatozoa

Motor function of the upper-extremity after transection of the second thoracic nerve root during total en bloc spondylectomy

Background: In total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) of upper thoracic spine including the second thoracic (T2) vertebra, T2 nerve roots are usually transected. In this study, we examined the association between transection of the T2 nerve roots and upper-extremity motor function in patients with upper thoracic TES. Copyright:Methods: We assessed 16 patients who underwent upper thoracic TES with bilateral transection of the T2 nerve roots. Patients were divided into three groups: 3 patients without any processing of T1 and upper nerve roots (T2 group), 7 with extensive dissection of T1 nerve roots (T1-2 group), and 6 with extensive dissection of T1 and upper nerve roots (C-T2 group). Postoperative upper-extremity motor function was compared between the groups.Results: Postoperative deterioration of upper-extremity motor function was observed in 9 of the 16 patients (56.3%). Three of the 7 patients in the T1-2 group and all 6 patients in the C-T2 group showed deterioration of upper-extremity motor function, but there was no deterioration in the T2 group. In the T1-2 group, 3 patients showed mild deterioration that did not affect their activities of daily living and they achieved complete recovery at the latest follow-up examination. In contrast, severe dysfunction occurred frequently in the C-T2 group, without recovery at the latest follow-up.Conclusions: The transection of the T2 nerve roots alone did not result in upper-extremity motor dysfunction; rather, the dysfunction is caused by the extensive dissection of the T1 and upper nerve roots. Therefore, transection of the T2 nerve roots in upper thoracic TES seems to be an acceptable procedure with satisfactory outcomes

Implantation of Liquid Nitrogen Frozen Tumor Tissue after Posterior Decompression and Stabilization for Metastatic Spinal Tumors

Study DesignA retrospective study.PurposeTo evaluate the immunity-enhancing effect of implantation of a liquid nitrogen-treated tumor.Overview of LiteratureWe have developed a new technique of implanting a tumor frozen in liquid nitrogen after posterior decompression and stabilization, with the aim of enhancing antitumor immunity in order to prolong the survival period of the patient. In the current study, the immunity-enhancing effect of this new technique has been evaluated.MethodsThe subjects were 19 patients in whom we had earlier performed decompression and stabilization between April 2011 and September 2013. The 19 subjects were divided into two groups, namely a frozen autologous tumor tissue implantation group (n=15; "implantation group"), which consisted of patients, who underwent implantation with autologous tumor tissue frozen in liquid nitrogen, and a control group (n=4), which consisted of patients, who did not undergo autologous cancer transplantation. To evaluate the immunity-enhancing effect of the protocol, plasma cytokines (interferon [IFN]-γ and interleukin [IL]-12) were analyzed before surgery and a month after surgery.ResultsThe mean rate of increase in IFN-γ was significantly higher in the implantation group (p=0.03). Regarding IL-12, no significant difference was observed between the groups, although the implantation group exhibited increased levels of IL-12 (p=0.22).ConclusionsDecompression and stabilization combined with autologous frozen tumor cell implantation can enhance cancer immunity in metastatic spinal tumor patients. It is hypothesized that this procedure might prevent local recurrence and prolong survival period

七面鳥精液の凍結保存に関する研究

5%，7%および9%ブドウ糖液を希釈液とした場合の七面鳥精子の融解後の活力および頸曲り異常精子の出現率について調べた結果は次の如くである. 1. 5%，7%および9%ブドウ糖液で4倍に希釈し急速凍結法によって凍結後融解した精子の活力割合(++以上)はそれぞれ81.5%，75%および23.9%で5%，7%ブドウ糖液を使用した精液の間にはそれほど著明な差異は認められなかったが，9%ブドウ糖液を使用した場合には前二者の場合にくらべて融解後の精子活力は著しく低下した。 2. 上記5%，7%および9%ブドウ糖液使用による融解後の頸曲り異常精子の出現率は対照の原精液の6.1%に比較しそれぞれ31.5%，14.3%，53.7%で七面鳥精液の凍結用希釈液としては7%ブドウ糖液が好適のように思われる. 3. この凍結融解後の精子活力および頸曲り異常精子出現率から7%ブドウ糖液が七面鳥精液の凍結用希釈液としてその受精率を高める上に役立つものと思われる.The effect of three different levels of glucose solution as a component of deep freezing diluent on the motility, per cent neck-bending spermatozoa of turkey semen was studied. The percentages of motile spermatozoa (over ++) in thawed semen diluted with 5 per cent, 7 per cent and 9 per cent glucose solutions were on an average of 81.5 per cent, 75.0 per cent and 23.9 per cent respectively. The percentages of abnormal spermatozoa including neck-bending ones in thawed semen diluted with 5 per cent, 7 per cent and 9 per cent glucose solutions were on an average of 31.5 per cent, 14.3 per cent and 53.7 per cent. From the two view points of motility after freezing and the appearance of abnormal spermatozoa including neck-bending ones, 7 per cent glucose solution seems to be more suitable for the freezing diluent of turkey semen than 5 and 9 per cent glucose solutions

Invasiveness Reduction of Recent Total Spondylectomy: Assessment of the Learning Curve

Study DesignCase-control study.PurposeTo evaluate the surgical magnitude and learning curve of "second-generation" total en bloc spondylectomy (TES).Overview of LiteratureIn June 2010, we developed second-generation TES combined with tumor-induced cryoimmunology, which does not require autograft harvesting.MethodsTES was performed in 63 patients between June 2010 and September 2013. Three groups of patients were evaluated: 20 undergoing surgery in the first year of development of second-generation TES (group I), 20 in the second year (group II), and 23 in the third year (group III). Patient backgrounds showed no remarkable differences. Operating time, intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion, and postoperative C-reactive protein and creatine phosphokinase were compared among the groups.ResultsMean±standard deviation operating time was 486±130 minutes in group I, 441±85 minutes in group II, and 396±75 minutes in group III. The time was significantly shorter in group III than in group I (p<0.05). Intraoperative blood loss was 901±646 mL in group I, 433±177 mL in group II, and 411±167 mL in group III. Blood loss was significantly lower in groups II and III than in group I (p<0.01). Transfusion was not required in 20 of 23 patients in group III, and mean C-reactive protein levels on postoperative day 3 were significantly lower in this group than in group I (6.12 mg/L vs. 10.07 mg/L; p<0.05). Postoperative creatine phosphokinase levels did not differ among the groups.ConclusionsTES is associated with a significant learning curve. Thus, second-generation TES can no longer be considered highly invasive

Motor function of the upper-extremity after transection of the second thoracic nerve root during total en bloc spondylectomy.

BACKGROUND: In total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) of upper thoracic spine including the second thoracic (T2) vertebra, T2 nerve roots are usually transected. In this study, we examined the association between transection of the T2 nerve roots and upper-extremity motor function in patients with upper thoracic TES. METHODS: We assessed 16 patients who underwent upper thoracic TES with bilateral transection of the T2 nerve roots. Patients were divided into three groups: 3 patients without any processing of T1 and upper nerve roots (T2 group), 7 with extensive dissection of T1 nerve roots (T1-2 group), and 6 with extensive dissection of T1 and upper nerve roots (C-T2 group). Postoperative upper-extremity motor function was compared between the groups. RESULTS: Postoperative deterioration of upper-extremity motor function was observed in 9 of the 16 patients (56.3%). Three of the 7 patients in the T1-2 group and all 6 patients in the C-T2 group showed deterioration of upper-extremity motor function, but there was no deterioration in the T2 group. In the T1-2 group, 3 patients showed mild deterioration that did not affect their activities of daily living and they achieved complete recovery at the latest follow-up examination. In contrast, severe dysfunction occurred frequently in the C-T2 group, without recovery at the latest follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The transection of the T2 nerve roots alone did not result in upper-extremity motor dysfunction; rather, the dysfunction is caused by the extensive dissection of the T1 and upper nerve roots. Therefore, transection of the T2 nerve roots in upper thoracic TES seems to be an acceptable procedure with satisfactory outcomes