Dimensional Crossover in Heavy Fermions

Recently we have shown that a one-parameter scaling, the Coherence Temperature, describes the physical behavior of several heavy fermions in a region of their phase diagram. In this paper we fully characterize this region, obtaining the uniform susceptibility, the resistivity and the specific heat. This allows for an explicit evaluation of the Wilson and the Kadowaki-Woods ratios in this regime. These quantities turn out to be independent of the distance to the critical point. The theory of the one-parameter scaling corresponds to a zero dimensional approach. Although spatial correlations are irrelevant in this case, time fluctuations are critically correlated and the quantum hyperscaling relation is satisfied for $d=0$. The crossover from $d=0$ to $d=3$ is smooth. It occurs at a lenght scale which is inversely related to the stiffness of the lifetime of the spin fluctuations.Comment: 4 pages, revtex, no figures, submitted to Physical Review

Magneto-elastic quantum fluctuations and phase transitions in the iron superconductors

We examine the relevance of magneto-elastic coupling to describe the complex magnetic and structural behaviour of the different classes of the iron superconductors. We model the system as a two-dimensional metal whose magnetic excitations interact with the distortions of the underlying square lattice. Going beyond mean field we find that quantum fluctuation effects can explain two unusual features of these materials that have attracted considerable attention. First, why iron telluride orders magnetically at a non-nesting wave-vector $(\pi/2, \pi/2)$ and not at the nesting wave-vector $(\pi, 0)$ as in the iron arsenides, even though the nominal band structures of both these systems are similar. And second, why the $(\pi, 0)$ magnetic transition in the iron arsenides is often preceded by an orthorhombic structural transition. These are robust properties of the model, independent of microscopic details, and they emphasize the importance of the magneto-elastic interaction.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures; minor change

Ferromagnetic Quantum Critical Fluctuations and Anomalous Coexistence of Ferromagnetism and Superconductivity in UCoGe Revealed by Co-NMR and NQR Studies

Co nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) studies were performed in the recently discovered UCoGe, in which the ferromagnetic and superconducting (SC) transitions were reported to occur at $T_{\rm Curie} \sim 3$ K and $T_S \sim 0.8$ K (N. T. Huy {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 99} (2007) 067006), in order to investigate the coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity as well as the normal-state and SC properties from a microscopic point of view. From the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/T_1$ and Knight-shift measurements, we confirmed that ferromagnetic fluctuations which possess a quantum critical character are present above $T_{\rm Curie}$ and the occurrence of ferromagnetic transition at 2.5 K in our polycrystalline sample. The magnetic fluctuations in the normal state show that UCoGe is an itinerant ferromagnet similar to ZrZn$_2$ and YCo$_2$. The onset SC transition was identified at $T_S \sim 0.7$ K, below which $1/T_1$ of 30 % of the volume fraction starts to decrease due to the opening of the SC gap. This component of $1/T_1$, which follows a $T^3$ dependence in the temperature range of $0.3 - 0.1$ K, coexists with the magnetic components of $1/T_1$ showing a $\sqrt{T}$ dependence below $T_S$. From the NQR measurements in the SC state, we suggest that the self-induced vortex state is realized in UCoGe.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures. submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. To appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jp

Current-induced magnetization reversal in a (Ga,Mn)As-based magnetic tunnel junction

We report current-induced magnetization reversal in a ferromagnetic semiconductor-based magnetic tunnel junction (Ga,Mn)As/AlAs/(Ga,Mn)As prepared by molecular beam epitaxy on a p-GaAs(001) substrate. A change in magneto-resistance that is asymmetric with respect to the current direction is found with the excitation current of 10^6 A/cm^2. Contributions of both unpolarized and spin-polarized components are examined, and we conclude that the partial magnetization reversal occurs in the (Ga,Mn)As layer of smaller magnetization with the spin-polarized tunneling current of 10^5 A/cm^2.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure

Schwinger Boson approach to the fully screened Kondo model

We apply the Schwinger boson scheme to the fully screened Kondo model and generalize the method to include antiferromagnetic interactions between ions. Our approach captures the Kondo crossover from local moment behavior to a Fermi liquid with a non-trivial Wilson ratio. When applied to the two impurity model, the mean-field theory describes the "Varma Jones" quantum phase transition between a valence bond state and a heavy Fermi liquid.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Changes to references and text in v

Quantum Valence Criticality as Origin of Unconventional Critical Phenomena

It is shown that unconventional critical phenomena commonly observed in paramagnetic metals YbRh2Si2, YbRh2(Si0.95Ge0.05)2, and beta-YbAlB4 is naturally explained by the quantum criticality of Yb-valence fluctuations. We construct the mode coupling theory taking account of local correlation effects of f electrons and find that unconventional criticality is caused by the locality of the valence fluctuation mode. We show that measured low-temperature anomalies such as divergence of uniform spin susceptibility \chi T^{-\zeta) with $\zeta~0.6$ giving rise to a huge enhancement of the Wilson ratio and the emergence of T-linear resistivity are explained in a unified way.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Physical Review Letter

Interaction Correction of Conductivity Near a Ferromagnetic Quantum Critical Point

We calculate the temperature dependence of conductivity due to interaction correction for a disordered itinerant electron system close to a ferromagnetic quantum critical point which occurs due to a spin density wave instability. In the quantum critical regime, the crossover between diffusive and ballistic transport occurs at a temperature $T^{\ast}=1/[\tau \gamma (E_{F}\tau)^{2}]$, where $\gamma$ is the parameter associated with the Landau damping of the spin fluctuations, $\tau$ is the impurity scattering time, and $E_{F}$ is the Fermi energy. For a generic choice of parameters, $T^{\ast}$ is few orders of magnitude smaller than the usual crossover scale $1/\tau$. In the ballistic quantum critical regime, the conductivity has a $T^{(d-1)/3}$ temperature dependence, where $d$ is the dimensionality of the system. In the diffusive quantum critical regime we get $T^{1/4}$ dependence in three dimensions, and $\ln^2 T$ dependence in two dimensions. Away from the quantum critical regime we recover the standard results for a good metal.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure

Non-Fermi liquid behavior in nearly charge ordered layered metals

Non-Fermi liquid behavior is shown to occur in two-dimensional metals which are close to a charge ordering transition driven by the Coulomb repulsion. A linear temperature dependence of the scattering rate together with an increase of the electron effective mass occur above T*, a temperature scale much smaller than the Fermi temperature. It is shown that the anomalous temperature dependence of the optical conductivity of the quasi-two-dimensional organic metal alpha-(BEDT-TTF)2MHg(SCN)4, with M=NH4 and Rb, above T*=50-100 K, agrees qualitatively with our predictions for the electronic properties of nearly charge ordered two-dimensional metals.Comment: accepted in Phys. Rev. Let

Superconductivity and Pseudogap in Quasi-Two-Dimensional Metals around the Antiferromagnetic Quantum Critical Point

Spin fluctuations (SF) and SF-mediated superconductivity (SC) in quasi-two-dimensional metals around the antiferrromagnetic (AF) quantum critical point (QCP) are investigated by using the self-consistent renormalization theory for SF and the strong coupling theory for SC. We introduce a parameter y0 as a measure for the distance from the AFQCP which is approximately proportional to (x-xc), x being the electron (e) or hole (h) doping concentration to the half-filled band and xc being the value at the AFQCP. We present phase diagrams in the T-y0 plane including contour maps of the AF correlation length and AF and SC transition temperatures TN and Tc, respectively. The Tc curve is dome-shaped with a maximum at around the AFQCP. The calculated one-electron spectral density shows a pseudogap in the high-density-of-states region near (pi,0) below around a certain temperature T* and gives a contour map at the Fermi energy reminiscent of the Fermi arc. These results are discussed in comparison with e- and h-doped high-Tc cuprates.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure