Fruits et légumes : microbiote et immunité. Synthèse du workshop de la SFN en partenariat avec Aprifel donné en visioconférence le jeudi 16 décembre 2021

International audienc

Role of p38MAPK in palmitate-induced inflammation in C2C12 muscle cells

The saturated fatty acid palmitate (PAL) is now recognized as an inducer of inflammation in many types of cells, including adipocytes and muscle cells, whereas n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) have anti-inflammatory properties. Meanwhile, PAL induces muscle insulin resistance (IR) and n-3PUFA are suggested to reverse it. We investigated n-3PUFA effects on palmitate-induced inflammation and the potential link between inflammation, P38MAPK activation and IR in C2C12 myotubes. After 16 hours incubation with 500µM PAL without or with SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38MAPK, 50µM of alpha linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), myotubes were harvested and submitted to mRNA quantification or immunoblotting. IL-6, TNF-a and COX-2 mRNA levels were significantly increased by PAL treatment and reversed by EPA and DHA. Inhibition of p38MAPK significantly prevented the effect of PAL on these regulations although it had no significant effect on PAL-induced IR. Additional study should be performed to explore the involvement of NFKB signalling. Our results suggested that p38MAPK activation by PAL is crucial to induce inflammation in C212 muscle cells, independently of IR. Among n-3PUFA, only EPA and DHA reduced p38MAPK activation and improved IR. Additional studies are currently performed to explore the involvement of NFKB signalling in the effect of PAL on myotube inflammation and the impact of n-3 PUFA on this pathwa

Programme de modélisation du métabolisme énergétique chez l'homme

Programme de modélisation du métabolisme énergétique chez l'homme. 1. Congrès de la Société Française de Nutrition (SFN)

Mechanisms of body weight gain in parkinsonian patients after subthalamic stimulation: Implication of changes in energy expenditure

Mechanisms of body weight gain in parkinsonian patients after subthalamic stimulation: Implication of changes in energy expenditure. 8. International Congress of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder

Cardiometabolic impacts of saturated fatty acids: are they all comparable?

International audienceIn last decades, a phenomenon named nutrition transition has been observed in many countries around the world. It has been characterised by increased consumption of fat-rich diets, predisposing to cardiometabolic diseases and high prevalence of the obesity. In the dietary recommendations cited to prevent metabolic diseases, there is a consensus to decrease intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) to less than 10% of total energy intake, as recommended by the Food Safety Authorities. However, fatty acids of different chain lengths may exhibit different cardiometabolic effects. Thus, our major aim was to review the cardiometabolic effects of different classes of SFA according to carbon chain length, i.e. short-, medium- and long-chains. The review emphasises that not all SFA may have harmful cardiometabolic effects since short- and medium-chain SFA can provide beneficial health effects and participate to the prevention of metabolic disorders

Phytoproflex\uae: Supplementary management of osteoarthrosis: A supplement registry

BACKGROUND: Curcumin is a powerful anti-oxidant that can be used to treat inflammation and pain in chronic conditions such as osteoarthrosis (OA). Phytoproflex\uaeis characterized by an innovative delivery system that improves bioavailability of curcuminoids and could be useful in the management of OA. METHODS: This 4-week registry included 56 patients with knee OA treated according to the best standard management for symptomatic OA. On top of that, 24 patients used Phytoproflex\uaesupplement preparation (an extract containing boswellic acid 90%, curcumin 20% and valeric acid 0.8%). Patients' control of symptoms and functional capacity were evaluated through the Karnofsky Scale and standardized treadmill test, together with measurement of oxidative stress levels and use of rescue medication. RESULTS: No problems of tolerability or safety were reported among subjects using the supplement. After 4 weeks, patients treated with the supplement reported a significant decrease in pain (P<0.05), and a significant improvement in the fitness scale (P<0.05), indicating that subjects were able to perform normal daily tasks. Less subjects in the supplement group had to use rescue medication (P<0.05), while oxidative stress levels, which were high at inclusion, significantly decreased in both groups (P<0.05). Moreover, the variation in pain-free walking distance and the Karnofsky Scale were significantly more improved (P<0.05) in patients taking the supplement compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary registry study indicates that Phytoproflex\uaecan be safely used as an effective, supplementary management in most OA patients

French Recommendations for Sugar Intake in Adults: A Novel Approach Chosen by ANSES

This article presents a systematic review of the scientific evidence linking sugar consumption and health in the adult population performed by a group of experts, mandated by the French Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement, et du travail (ANSES). A literature search was performed by crossing search terms for overweight/obesity, diabetes/insulin resistance, dyslipidemia/cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), and uric acid concentrations on one hand and for intake of sugars on the other. Controlled mechanistic studies, prospective cohort studies, and randomized clinical trials were extracted and assessed. A literature analysis supported links between sugar intake and both total energy intake and body weight gain, and between sugar intake and blood triglycerides independently of total energy intake. The effects of sugar on blood triglycerides were shown to be mediated by the fructose component of sucrose and were observed with an intake of fructose >50 g/day. In addition, prospective cohort studies showed associations between sugar intake and the risk of diabetes/insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, NAFLD, and hyperuricemia. Based on these observations, ANSES proposed to set a maximum limit to the intake of total sugars containing fructose (sucrose, glucose–fructose syrups, honey or other syrups, and natural concentrates, etc.) of 100 g/da