Métodos de campo para o estudo de formigas em cultivo de cana-de-açúcar na região sudeste do Brasil

The harvest of sugarcane is still traditionally done manually with the burning of straw in most cultivated areas in Brazil. However, burning has been gradually eliminated with the relatively recent use of mechanical harvesting. This will result in significant changes in the agroecosystem, as the straw will remain in the field. No investigation on Formicidae found in sugarcane plantations in Southeastern Brazil harvested by this new system has been done yet. Because of their feeding habits, many species of this family may act as predators of several sugarcane pests. In this study, the sampling efficacy of pitfall traps, baits, and underground traps with two types of attractants were evaluated. Pitfall traps gave the largest richness, while abundance was the highest from baiting. Community composition and structure differed in relation to the sampling methods used. The myrmecofauna collected with the same method with different baits was similar. Pitfall trapping was the most efficient method in this type of ecosystem; and sardine, the best attractant, due to its easy handing in the field.A colheita de cana-de-açúcar é efetuada manualmente e com a queima da palha em grande parte da área de cultivo. Porém, esse manejo deverá ser completamente substituído pela mecanizado. O emprego desse sistema de colheita é relativamente recente e pode resultar em alterações significativas no agroecossistema, em função da manutenção da palha no ambiente. Descrições sobre métodos de coleta de Formicidae, cujas espécies podem ser predadoras de diversas pragas da cultura, ainda são inexistentes em agroecossistemas que usam esse novo tipo de manejo. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o uso de diferentes métodos de coleta: pitfall, isca e armadilhas subterrâneas; sendo os dois últimos com dois tipos de atrativos. A maior riqueza foi obtida com pitfall e a maior abundância com isca; a composição e a estrutura das comunidades diferem em relação ao método usado. A fauna coletada com um mesmo método, porém com atrativos diferentes, é similar. O uso de pitfall proporciona a amostragem da fauna predadora do cultivo, o que é importante para os programas de controle natural de pragas; e para quantificar a abundância da maior parte dessa fauna, a sardinha é o melhor material atrativo, devido à facilidade de manipulação no campo

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Ants' communities (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in fragments of the Atlantic Rain Forest situated in urban areas

Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-11T20:58:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007As comunidades de formigas que vivem em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica rodeados por um ecossistema urbano bem desenvolvido, foram investigadas. Avaliou-se a riqueza, a freqüência de ocorrência das espécies bem como a similaridade entre três áreas da cidade de São Paulo: Parque da Previdência (PP), Reserva Florestal "Armando Salles de Oliveira" (CUASO) e Horto Oswaldo Cruz (HOC). Foram colocadas armadilhas do tipo "pitfall" em locais onde não ocorre visitação pública, durante uma semana, nos meses de março, junho, setembro e dezembro de 2001. Em todos os fragmentos foram coletadas 79 espécies de formigas, pertencentes a nove subfamílias e 32 gêneros. A subfamília Myrmicinae e os gêneros Pheidole e Hypoponera foram os mais ricos. No PP foram registradas 62 espécies, na CUASO 46 e no HOC 43, sendo que PP e CUASO são mais similares entre si. Tal similaridade possivelmente esteja relacionada ao tamanho de ambas as áreas e, também, a uma semelhança nos sítios de nidificação e de alimentação. No geral, a fauna de formigas é generalista, com a presença de alguns gêneros especialistas, como Discothyrea, Acanthognathus, Gnamptogenys, Oxyepoecus e Pyramica; ou de gêneros cujos hábitos alimentares ainda são desconhecidos (Heteroponera e Myrmelachista). A presença de espécies caracteristicamente de áreas domiciliares também foi constatada: Pheidole megacephala Fabricius, 1793, Linepithema humile Mayr, 1868, Wasmannia auropunctata Roger, 1863, Paratrechina fulva Mayr, 1862, P. longicornis Latreille, 1802 e Tapinoma melanocephalum Fabricius, 1793.In this paper were investigated the ants' communities that inhabit the Atlantic Rainforest fragments surrounded by an urban ecosystem well developed. The richness, the species frequency of occurrence, as well the similarity between the three areas of the city of São Paulo were investigated: Parque da Previdência (PP), Reserva Florestal "Armando Salles de Oliveira" (CUASO) and Horto Oswaldo Cruz (HOC). Pit-fall tramps were put in places where the public visitation is not allowed, during a whole week in the months of March, June, September and December of 2001. Considering the three fragments were collected 79 ant species belonging to nine subfamilies and 32 genera. The biggest species richness was presented by the Subfamily Myrmicinae and the genera Pheidole and Hypoponera. In PP were registered 62 species, in CUASO 46 and in HOC 43. The biggest similarity was found between PP and CUASO and possibly this similarity may be due to the size of both areas and to a similarity between the sites of nesting and feeding. In general, the ants' fauna is generalist, with the presence of some specialists genera as Discothyrea, Acanthognathus, Gnamptogenys, Oxyepoecus and Pyramica or genera that have feeding habits still unknown (Heteroponera and Myrmelachista). The presence of Pheidole megacephala Fabricius, 1793, Linepithema humile Mayr, 1868, Wasmannia auropunctata Roger, 1863, Paratrechina fulva Mayr, 1862, P. longicornis Latreille, 1802 and Tapinoma melanocephalum Fabricius, 1793, species characteristic of household areas, was also observed.[Leung, Roberto] Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, BrazilCandiani, David F.] Instituto ButantanMorini, Maria Santina de C.; Munhae, Catarina de B.] Universidade de Mogi das CruzesVoltolini, Júlio C.] Universidade de Taubat

Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Magnoliophyta native to the Atlantic forest

The aim of the study was to analyze the preferences of ant species visiting the trunks of eight species of Magnoliophyta, belonging to the families Fabaceae, Arecaceae, Myrtaceae, Melastomataceae and Euphorbiaceae, located in a fragment of the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. A total of 101 ant species, belonging to eight subfamilies and 32 genera, were sampled during the 12-month collection period. Close to 30% of the ant species can be considered arboreal, and the others are species that nest in the ground and use trees only for foraging, which can be occasional, as in the case of the Ecitoninae sampled in Arecaceae and Euphorbiaceae. Pachycondyla mesonotalis was the only species collected on all the Magnoliophyta, whereas Camponotus rufipes, Acromyrmex niger and Crematogaster spp., were found on 87.5% of the trees analyzed. No strong similarities were found, using the Jaccard Index, among plant species in the same family of Magnoliophyta based on the visiting ants, except for the Euphorbiaceae species. This result is probably related to the presence of extra-floral nectar, which is very attractive to ants and characteristic of this family

Worker morphology of the ant Gnamptogenys striatula Mayr (Formicidae, Ectatomminae) in different landscapes from the Atlantic Forest domain

Morphological traits, such as size and shape, may reflect a combination of ecological and evolutionary responses by organisms. Ants have been used to evaluate the relationship between the environment and species coexistence and morphology. In the present study, we analyzed the morphology of workers of Gnamptogenys striatula Mayr in different landscapes from the Atlantic Domain in southeastern Brazil, focusing on the variation in the morphological attributes of these populations compared to those from a dense ombrophilous forest. Eighteen morphological traits of functional importance for interactions between workers and the environment were measured to characterize the size and shape of the workers. In general, the results show that ants of urban areas possess some morphological attributes of smaller size, with highly overlapped morphological space between the populations in forested ecosystems. Further, some of the traits related to predation were relatively smaller in modified land areas than in the populations from preserved areas of dense ombrophilous forest. These results help broaden the knowledge regarding morphological diversity in G. striatula, suggesting that the characterization of the morphology may be important to quantify the effects of land use on morphological diversity, and presumably, to facilitate the use of ants as biological indicators

Field methods for the study of ants in sugarcane plantations in Southeastern Brazil

A colheita de cana-de-açúcar é efetuada manualmente e com a queima da palha em grande parte da área de cultivo. Porém, esse manejo deverá ser completamente substituído pela mecanizado. O emprego desse sistema de colheita é relativamente recente e pode resultar em alterações significativas no agroecossistema, em função da manutenção da palha no ambiente. Descrições sobre métodos de coleta de Formicidae, cujas espécies podem ser predadoras de diversas pragas da cultura, ainda são inexistentes em agroecossistemas que usam esse novo tipo de manejo. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o uso de diferentes métodos de coleta: pitfall, isca e armadilhas subterrâneas; sendo os dois últimos com dois tipos de atrativos. A maior riqueza foi obtida com pitfall e a maior abundância com isca; a composição e a estrutura das comunidades diferem em relação ao método usado. A fauna coletada com um mesmo método, porém com atrativos diferentes, é similar. O uso de pitfall proporciona a amostragem da fauna predadora do cultivo, o que é importante para os programas de controle natural de pragas; e para quantificar a abundância da maior parte dessa fauna, a sardinha é o melhor material atrativo, devido à facilidade de manipulação no campo.The harvest of sugarcane is still traditionally done manually with the burning of straw in most cultivated areas in Brazil. However, burning has been gradually eliminated with the relatively recent use of mechanical harvesting. This will result in significant changes in the agroecosystem, as the straw will remain in the field. No investigation on Formicidae found in sugarcane plantations in Southeastern Brazil harvested by this new system has been done yet. Because of their feeding habits, many species of this family may act as predators of several sugarcane pests. In this study, the sampling efficacy of pitfall traps, baits, and underground traps with two types of attractants were evaluated. Pitfall traps gave the largest richness, while abundance was the highest from baiting. Community composition and structure differed in relation to the sampling methods used. The myrmecofauna collected with the same method with different baits was similar. Pitfall trapping was the most efficient method in this type of ecosystem; and sardine, the best attractant, due to its easy handing in the field.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq