Local Resection by Combined Laparoendoscopic Surgery for Duodenal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Combined laparoendoscopic surgery is a novel surgical method which consists of both endoscopic surgery from inside the gastrointestinal tract and laparoscopic surgery from the outside. We report a case of duodenal GIST, in which combined laparoendoscopic local resection was attempted. The lesion was resected endoscopically using endoscopic submucosal dissection technique under laparoscopic assistance. Laparoscope was used for originating the orientation of the tumor, intra-operative EUS, and monitoring serosal injury from the peritoneal cavity. Postoperative hemorrhage occurred; however, precise orientation of the lesion helped us to manage the patient with minimal invasive reoperation. And thus, the bowel integrity was completely preserved, by avoiding segmental duodenal resection and pancreaticoduodenectomy. This novel, less invasive surgical procedure may become an attractive option for the lesions originating in the anatomically challenging portion of the GI tract for endoscopic or laparoscopic surgery alone

Enhancement of Lithium in Red Clump Stars by Neutrino Magnetic Moments

A recent spectroscopic survey has shown that the lithium abundances in low-mass red-clump stars are higher than theoretical prediction. Motivated by their finding, we implemented effects of additional energy losses induced by neutrino magnetic moments on stellar evolution models. It is found that the lithium abundances in red giants increase because the finite magnetic moments of neutrinos enhance the efficiency of deep mixing and 7Be is conveyed from the hydrogen burning shell to the convective envelope. The results motivate further studies on the effects of non-standard energy losses on the surface compositions of low-mass red giants and red-clump stars

Screening Effects on Electron-Capture Rates and Type Ia Supernova Nucleosynthesis

Nucleosynthesis of iron-group elements in Type Ia supernovae is studied for single-degenerate models with the use of electron-capture rates updated with the new shell-model Hamiltonian in pf -shell. An over-production problem of neutron-rich iron-group isotopes compared with the solar abundances is now found to be suppressed within a factor of about twice for the updated weak rates. Effects of screening on nucleosynthesis are investigated for explosion models of fast deflagration and slow deflagration with delayed detonation. The e-capture rates are reduced by the screening, especially by the screening effects on the ions. The production yields of most neutron-rich isotopes such as 50Ti, 54Cr and 58Fe are found to be suppressed most by the screening. The inclusion of the screening is desirable for precise evaluation of abundances of neutron-rich nuclides