Influência das características tecnológicas na cor da madeira de eucaliptos.

Due to importance of the color of the wood as a component of its description this study was undertaken to verify the influence of chemical components in the color of wood of various clones of eucalypt. The amount of lignin and polyphenols in the wood, the fibres dimensions and its specific gravity were determined. The colorimetric measurements were made through a specterphotometer Data Color 200d Microflash. It was verified by the characteristics of the wood studied, that the amount of extractives, basically polyphenols, had high correlation with the color of the wood.Devido à importância da cor da madeira como componente de descrição da mesma, é que se realizou um estudo procurando verificar a influência dos componentes químicos na cor da madeira de diferentes clones de eucaliptos. Foram verificadas as quantidades de lignina e polifenoís nas madeiras das mesmas, as dimensões das fibras e a sua massa específica. As medições colorimétricas foram efetuadas através de um espectrofotômetro Data Color 200d. Microflash. Verificou-se que, das características das madeiras estudadas, a quantidade de extrativos, basicamente polifenoís, tem alta correlação com a cor da madeira

Analysis of the characteristics of the wood and the candeia essential oil - Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) Macleish, of the region of Aiuruoca, MG

As florestas têm sido fundamentais como suporte ao atendimento de diversas necessidades básicas do ser humano, como abrigo, vestuário, alimentos, energia etc. Nesse contexto, os óleos essenciais têm tido um importante papel, tanto no cenário nacional como no internacional. Várias espécies florestais possuem potencial para extração de óleo e, dentre essas, a candeia (Eremanthus erythroppapus) possui um óleo de grande valor econômico, cujo princípio ativo, o alfa-bisabolol, é utilizado na fabricação de medicamentos, cosméticos etc. Pouco se sabe sobre esta espécie em relação às características da sua madeira, condições de crescimento etc, e as influências na quantidade e qualidade do óleo. O trabalho proposto teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito das condições do local de crescimento de um povoamento de candeia, sobre o rendimento e qualidade do óleo obtido, com a análise sendo contextualizada à luz de características químicas, física e anatômicas da sua madeira. O material de análise foi proveniente de árvores localizadas em um povoamento nativo de candeia, compondo uma área de baixada e outra de elevação, em cambissolo, existente na região de Aiuruoca, MG.Forests have been fundamental as a source of several basic necessities of the human being, as shelter, clothes, nourishment, energy etc. In this context, essential oils have had an important role, either in the national or in the international scene. Many forest species have the potential for oil extraction and, amongst these, candeia (Eremanthus erythroppapus) has an oil of great economic value, whose active principle, the alpha-bisabolol, is used in the production of medicines, cosmetics etc. Little is known about this species in relation to the characteristics of its wood, conditions of growth etc, and the influences in the amount and quality of the oil. This work had as objective to evaluate the effect of the conditions of the ground of a population of candeia, on the income and quality of the yield oil, with the contextualized analysis done under the light of chemical, physics, and anatomical characteristics of its wood. The analysis material originally from trees located in a native population of candeia, comprised of a low and a high region, in cambissolo, existing in the region of Aiuruoca, MG

UTILIZAÇÃO DA SERRAGEM DE Eucalyptus spp. PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE TIJOLO MACIÇO CERÂMICO

Objetivou-se neste trabalho verificar a viabilidade do processo de incorporação de serragem de Eucalyptus spp. para a confecção de produtos cerâmicos; avaliar em ensaios preliminares de laboratório o comportamento da argila e dos tratamentos constituídos com traços de mistura argila/serragem; avaliar a composição química da serragem e proceder a uma análise mineralógica da argila pelo teste de difração de raios X. Utilizaram-se 10 tratamentos com a mistura argila/serragem: 1:0 (testemunha), 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1 e 10:1. As características físicas e mecânicas das amostras foram determinadas. Verificou-se que existe a viabilidade técnica de incorporação em diferentes misturas de argila/serragem de Eucalyptus para produção de produtos cerâmicos. Em relação à resistência mecânica dos tijolos produzidos, uma boa incorporação foi de oito partes de argila e uma de serragem. Nas demais propriedades físicas, uma incorporação de no mínimo seis partes de argila e uma parte de serragem. Na análise mineralógica por difração de raios X, a argila caracterizou-se como caulinítica. Através dos testes realizados, observou-se que o peso dos corpos de prova com essa incorporação foi, em média, 12,7% menor do que o dos constituídos somente de argila.Palavras-chave: Serragem de Eucalyptus; tijolo cerâmico. AbstractEucalyptus sawdust utilization to massive ceramic brick production. This research has as its main aims: to evaluate the Eucalyptus sawdust incorporation feasibility for ceramics production, analyzing in laboratory initial analysis the behavior of clay/sawdust mixture compared to a control treatment; to evaluate the chemical composition of the sawdust; to carry on a mineralogical analysis of the clay by X-Ray diffraction test. In order to do that, ten treatments for bricks production had been improved, based on the following clay/sawdust rates: 1:0, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1 and 10:1. The physical and mechanical properties of the samples were subsequently determined. It was verified that there are technical viability of incorporation in different mixtures of clay/sawdust of Eucalyptus for production of ceramic products. In relation to mechanical resistance of the produced bricks a good incorporation was of eight parts of clay and one of sawdust. In relation to the other physical properties there is an incorporation of at least six parts of clay and one of sawdust. In the mineralogical clay analysis by X-Ray diffraction it was characterized as caulinitic. Accordingly to the accomplished tests, it was observed that the average weight of the proof bodies with this incorporation was 12,7% smaller than the ones constituted only of clay.Keywords: Eucalyptus sawdust; ceramic brick.This research has as its main aims: to evaluate the Eucalyptus sawdust incorporation feasibility for ceramics production, analyzing in laboratory initial analysis the behavior of clay/sawdust mixture compared to a control treatment; to evaluate the chemical composition of the sawdust; to carry on a mineralogical analysis of the clay by X-Ray diffraction test. In order to do that, ten treatments for bricks production had been improved, based on the following clay/sawdust rates: 1:0, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1 and 10:1. The physical and mechanical properties of the samples were subsequently determined. It was verified that there are technical viability of incorporation in different mixtures of clay/sawdust of Eucalyptus for production of ceramic products. In relation to mechanical resistance of the produced bricks a good incorporation was of eight parts of clay and one of sawdust. In relation to the other physical properties there is an incorporation of at least six parts of clay and one of sawdust. In the mineralogical clay analysis by X-Ray diffraction it was characterized as caulinitic. Accordingly to the accomplished tests, it was observed that the average weight of the proof bodies with this incorporation was 12,7% smaller than the ones constituted only of clay

Influência das características tecnológicas na cor da madeira de eucaliptos.

Devido à importância da cor da madeira como componente de descrição da mesma, é que se realizou um estudo procurando verificar a influência dos componentes químicos na cor da madeira de diferentes clones de eucaliptos. Foram verificadas as quantidades de lignina e polifenoís nas madeiras das mesmas, as dimensões das fibras e a sua massa específica. As medições colorimétricas foram efetuadas através de um espectrofotômetro Data Color 200d. Microflash. Verificou-se que, das características das madeiras estudadas, a quantidade de extrativos, basicamente polifenoís, tem alta correlação com a cor da madeira.</p

Influência das características tecnológicas na cor da madeira de eucaliptos.

Due to importance of the color of the wood as a component of its description this study was undertaken to verify the influence of chemical components in the color of wood of various clones of eucalypt. The amount of lignin and polyphenols in the wood, the fibres dimensions and its specific gravity were determined. The colorimetric measurements were made through a specterphotometer Data Color 200d Microflash. It was verified by the characteristics of the wood studied, that the amount of extractives, basically polyphenols, had high correlation with the color of the wood

INFLUÊNCIA DA IDADE E ALTITUDE NAS CARACTERÍSTICAS ANATÔMICAS, QUÍMICAS E DE DENSIDADE BÁSICA DA MADEIRA DE CANDEIA - Eremanthus erythropappus

O trabalho teve por objetivo: verificar a influência da idade da árvore de candeia sobre os elementos anatômicos, teores de extrativos totais, lignina, cinzas e densidade básica, relacionado a duas condições de relevo (1.000 m e 1.100 m de altitude), em Aiuruoca, Minas Gerais. Em cada área de estudo foram amostradas 15 árvores distribuídas em 3 classes diamétricas, das quais foram retirados discos da base da árvore para determinações da idade, características anatômicas e densidade básica. Os fustes foram reduzidos na forma de cavacos onde foram retiradas amostras aleatórias de material para análises químicas. As características anatômicas das madeiras das duas áreas foram semelhantes, com variações na quantidade de vasos e tamanho de pontoações. As células de óleo apresentaram-se nas células do parênquima radial. A freqüência de vasos foi menor em árvores mais velhas. A densidade básica variou de 0,74 g/cm3 na área com 1.000 m e 0,68 g/cm3 para a área de 1.100 m de altitude, sendo maior em árvores mais velhas. Os teores de extrativos totais, lignina e cinzas, diferiram estatisticamente entre as madeiras das duas áreas estudadas. As árvores mais jovens apresentaram maior teor de material inorgânico; o teor de extrativos totais e de lignina, não foi influenciado pela idade.Palavras-chave:Caracterização anatômica; composição química; densidade básica; Eremanthus erythropappus.                                                                                                                                                AbstractInfluence of altitude and stand age on basic density, anatomical, and chemical characteristics of candeia wood - Eremanthus erythropappus. This work aimed to study the influence of tree age and altitude on some anatomical elements characteristics (basic density, total extractives, lignin, and leached ashes) of candeia wood. The sampled trees were collected in the Aiuruoca County, Minas Gersis State, Brazil, in two different altitudes (1,000 and 1,100m above sea level). From each altitude level 15 trees, enclosed in 3 diametric classes, were cut. Disks were taken from the trunk base of each tree in order to determine the age, the anatomical characteristics, and the basic density. Random samples from the trees trunks were collected for the chemical analyses. The wood density varied from 0.74 to 0.68 g/cm3 in the trees collected at 1,000 and 1,100m of altitude respectively, being higher in the older trees. The wood anatomical characteristics of both sites were similar, with some variations in the amount of vases and pit sizes. Oily cells were observed in the radial parenchyma tissue. The vases frequency was lower in the older trees. The content of total extractives, amount of lignin, and leached ashes were statistically different in the two studied sites. The youngest trees presented higher leached ashes content; total extractives and lignin were not influenced by tree age.Keywords:Anatomical characterization; chemical components; basic density; Eremanthus erythropappus.This work aimed to study the influence of tree age and altitude on some anatomical elements characteristics (basic density, total extractives, lignin, and leached ashes) of candeia wood. The sampled trees were collected in the Aiuruoca County, Minas Gersis State, Brazil, in two different altitudes (1,000 and 1,100m above sea level). From each altitude level 15 trees, enclosed in 3 diametric classes, were cut. Disks were taken from the trunk base of each tree in order to determine the age, the anatomical characteristics, and the basic density. Random samples from the trees trunks were collected for the chemical analyses. The wood density varied from 0.74 to 0.68 g/cm3 in the trees collected at 1,000 and 1,100m of altitude respectively, being higher in the older trees. The wood anatomical characteristics of both sites were similar, with some variations in the amount of vases and pit sizes. Oily cells were observed in the radial parenchyma tissue. The vases frequency was lower in the older trees. The content of total extractives, amount of lignin, and leached ashes were statistically different in the two studied sites. The youngest trees presented higher leached ashes content; total extractives and lignin were not influenced by tree age