Some Applications of Detailed Wind Profile Data to Launch Vehicle Response Problems

The response of a launch vehicle to a number of detailed wind profiles has been determined. The wind profiles were measured by two techniques which are briefly described. One of these techniques uses an angle-of-attack sensor in conjunction with guidance data to measure the wind profile traversed by some particular launch vehicle. The other wind-measuring technique is a photographic triangulation method, whereby two cameras take simultaneous pictures of a vertical trail of smoke left by a launch vehicle or sounding rocket. The response of a vehicle flying these detailed profiles is compared with the response of the same vehicle flying through balloon-measured profiles. The response to the detailed wind profiles, relative t o the balloon-measured profiles, is characterized by the large excitation of the rigid pitch and elastic bending modes. This is found to cause higher loads on the launch vehicle structure. Established design criteria which utilize balloon measured wind profiles have arbitrarily accounted-for this increased load by adding a load due to some type of discrete gust

Planetary atlases

Two kinds of planetary map atlases are in production. Atlases of the first kind contain reduced-scale versions of maps in hard-bound books with dimensions of 11 x 14 inches. These new atlases are intended to: (1) provide concise but comprehensive references to the geography of the planets needed by planetary scientists and others; and (2) allow inexpensive access to the planetary map dataset without requiring acquisition and examination of tens or hundreds of full-size map sheets. Two such atlases have been published and a third is in press. Work was begun of an Atlas of the Satellite of the Outer Planets. The second kind of atlas is a popular or semi-technical version designed for commercial publication and distribution. The first edition, The Atlas of the Solar System, is nearly ready for publication. New funding and contracting constraints now make it unlikely that the atlas can be published in the format originally planned. Currently, the possibility of publishing the maps through the U.S. Geological Survey as a series of folios in the I-map series is being explored. The maps are global views of each solid-surface body of the Solar System. Each map shows airbrushed relief, albedo, and, where available, topography. A set of simplified geologic maps is also included. All of the maps are on equal-area projections. Scales are 1:40,000,000 for the Earth and Venus; 1:2,000,000 for the Saturnian satellites Mimas and Enceladus and the Uranian satellite Miranda; 1:100,000 for the Martian satellites, Phobos and Deimos; and 1:10,000,000 for all other bodies

Time, action and psychosis: using subjective time to investigate the effects of ketamine on sense of agency

Sense of agency refers to the experience of initiating and controlling actions in order to influence events in the outside world. A disturbed sense of agency is found in certain psychiatric and neurological disorders, most notably schizophrenia. Sense of agency is associated with a subjective compression of time: actions and their outcomes are perceived as bound together in time. This is known as ‘intentional binding’ and, in healthy adults, depends partly on advance prediction of action outcomes. Notably, this predictive contribution is disrupted in patients with schizophrenia. In the present study we aimed to characterise the psychotomimetic effect of ketamine, a drug model for psychosis, on the predictive contribution to intentional binding. It was shown that ketamine produced a disruption that closely resembled previous data from patients in the early, prodromal, stage of schizophrenic illness. These results are discussed in terms of established models of delusion formation in schizophrenia. The link between time and agency, more generally, is also considered

The Influence of Number of Daily Milkings on the Production of Dairy Cows

High-producing Holstein, Jersey, Ayrshire, and Guernsey cows of various ages milked three times daily produced from 39.69 to 52.26 per cent more fat and from 44.98 to 65.18 per cent more milk than cows milked twice daily. When high-producing cows of all breeds milked four times daily were compared with cows milked twice daily, the fat production for the several age classes varied from 110.19 to 127.53 per cent and the milk production from 149.08 to 160.31 per cent greater for those milked four times. Milking high-producing cows four times as compared with three times daily showed an increased fat production ranging from 44.70 to 59.81 per cent, while comparable increases for milk ranged from 51 .99 to 71.79 per cent. There was a slight tendency for additional daily milkings to increase the percentage of fat in the milk. The influence of additional milkings was greatest when carried through the entire lactation period

Perspectives on financial incentives to health service providers for increasing breast feeding and smoking quit rates during pregnancy: a mixed methods study

Objective: To explore the acceptability, mechanisms and consequences of provider incentives for smoking cessation and breast feeding as part of the Benefits of Incentives for Breastfeeding and Smoking cessation in pregnancy (BIBS) study. Design: Cross-sectional survey and qualitative interviews. Setting: Scotland and North West England. Participants: Early years professionals: 497 survey respondents included 156 doctors; 197 health visitors/maternity staff; 144 other health staff. Qualitative interviews or focus groups were conducted with 68 pregnant/postnatal women/family members; 32 service providers; 22 experts/decision-makers; 63 conference attendees. Methods: Early years professionals were surveyed via email about the acceptability of payments to local health services for reaching smoking cessation in pregnancy and breastfeeding targets. Agreement was measured on a 5-point scale using multivariable ordered logit models. A framework approach was used to analyse free-text survey responses and qualitative data. Results: Health professional net agreement for provider incentives for smoking cessation targets was 52.9% (263/497); net disagreement was 28.6% (142/497). Health visitors/maternity staff were more likely than doctors to agree: OR 2.35 (95% CI 1.51 to 3.64; p<0.001). Net agreement for provider incentives for breastfeeding targets was 44.1% (219/497) and net disagreement was 38.6% (192/497). Agreement was more likely for women (compared with men): OR 1.81 (1.09 to 3.00; p=0.023) and health visitors/maternity staff (compared with doctors): OR 2.54 (95% CI 1.65 to 3.91; p<0.001). Key emergent themes were 'moral tensions around acceptability', 'need for incentives', 'goals', 'collective or divisive action' and 'monitoring and proof'. While provider incentives can focus action and resources, tensions around the impact on relationships raised concerns. Pressure, burden of proof, gaming, box-ticking bureaucracies and health inequalities were counterbalances to potential benefits. Conclusions: Provider incentives are favoured by non-medical staff. Solutions which increase trust and collaboration towards shared goals, without negatively impacting on relationships or increasing bureaucracy are required

Dairy Calf Care and Management

Calf raising begins before the calf is born. A cow that is healthy and in good physical condition will, in all probability, drop a strong, vigorous calf. The feeding and care of the cow before calving is therefore of the greatest importance for the future development of the calf