3,989 research outputs found
Intrinsic scatter of caustic masses and hydrostatic bias: An observational study
All estimates of cluster mass have some intrinsic scatter and perhaps some
bias with true mass even in the absence of measurement errors for example
caused by cluster triaxiality and large scale structure. Knowledge of the bias
and scatter values is fundamental for both cluster cosmology and astrophysics.
In this paper we show that the intrinsic scatter of a mass proxy can be
constrained by measurements of the gas fraction because masses with higher
values of intrinsic scatter with true mass produce more scattered gas
fractions. Moreover, the relative bias of two mass estimates can be constrained
by comparing the mean gas fraction at the same (nominal) cluster mass. Our
observational study addresses the scatter between caustic (i.e., dynamically
estimated) and true masses, and the relative bias of caustic and hydrostatic
masses. For these purposes, we used the X-ray Unbiased Cluster Sample, a
cluster sample selected independently from the intracluster medium content with
reliable masses: 34 galaxy clusters in the nearby () Universe,
mostly with , and with caustic masses.
We found a 35\% scatter between caustic and true masses. Furthermore, we found
that the relative bias between caustic and hydrostatic masses is small,
dex, improving upon past measurements. The small scatter found
confirms our previous measurements of a highly variable amount of feedback from
cluster to cluster, which is the cause of the observed large variety of
core-excised X-ray luminosities and gas masses.Comment: A&A, in press, minor language changes from previous versio
Variegate galaxy cluster gas content: Mean fraction, scatter, selection effects and covariance with X-ray luminosity
We use a cluster sample selected independently of the intracluster medium
content with reliable masses to measure the mean gas mass fraction and its
scatter, the biases of the X-ray selection on gas mass fraction, and the
covariance between the X-ray luminosity and gas mass. The sample is formed by
34 galaxy clusters in the nearby () Universe, mostly with
, and with masses calculated with the
caustic technique. First, we found that integrated gas density profiles have
similar shapes, extending earlier results based on subpopulations of clusters
such as those that are relaxed or X-ray bright for their mass. Second, the
X-ray unbiased selection of our sample allows us to unveil a variegate
population of clusters; the gas mass fraction shows a scatter of
dex, possibly indicating a quite variable amount of feedback from cluster to
cluster, which is larger than is found in previous samples targeting
subpopulations of galaxy clusters, such as relaxed or X-ray bright clusters.
The similarity of the gas density profiles induces an almost scatterless
relation between X-ray luminosity, gas mass, and halo mass, and modulates
selection effects in the halo gas mass fraction: gas-rich clusters are
preferentially included in X-ray selected samples. The almost scatterless
relation also fixes the relative scatters and slopes of the and
relations and makes core-excised X-ray luminosities and gas masses
fully covariant. Therefore, cosmological or astrophysical studies involving
X-ray or SZ selected samples need to account for both selection effects and
covariance of the studied quantities with X-ray luminosity/SZ strength.Comment: A&A, in press, minor language changes from previous versio
Light charged Higgs boson production at the Large Hadron electron Collider
We study the production of a light charged Higgs boson at the future Large
Hadron electron Collider (LHeC), through the process
considering both decay channels and in the final state. We analyse these processes in the context of the
2-Higgs Doublet Model Type III (2HDM-III) and assess the LHeC sensitivity to
such signals against a variety of both reducible and irreducible
backgrounds. We confirm that prospects for detection in the 2HDM-III are
excellent assuming standard collider energy and luminosity conditions.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures. Accepted in Physical Review
Improving the discovery potential of charged Higgs bosons at the Tevatron and Large Hadron Collider
We outline several improvements to the experimental analyses carried out at
Tevatron (Run 2) or simulated in view of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) that
could increase the scope of CDF/D0 and ATLAS/CMS in detecting charged Higgs
bosonsComment: 6 pages, 4 figures, talk given at the `Seventh Workshop on High
Energy Physics Phenomenology WHEPP-VII', Harish Chandra Research Institute,
Allahabad, India, 4-15 January 2002 (to be published by PRAMANA - Journal of
Physics
A Bisognano-Wichmann-like Theorem in a Certain Case of a Non Bifurcate Event Horizon related to an Extreme Reissner-Nordstr\"om Black Hole
Thermal Wightman functions of a massless scalar field are studied within the
framework of a ``near horizon'' static background model of an extremal R-N
black hole. This model is built up by using global Carter-like coordinates over
an infinite set of Bertotti-Robinson submanifolds glued together. The
analytical extendibility beyond the horizon is imposed as constraints on
(thermal) Wightman's functions defined on a Bertotti-Robinson sub manifold. It
turns out that only the Bertotti-Robinson vacuum state, i.e. , satisfies
the above requirement. Furthermore the extension of this state onto the whole
manifold is proved to coincide exactly with the vacuum state in the global
Carter-like coordinates. Hence a theorem similar to Bisognano-Wichmann theorem
for the Minkowski space-time in terms of Wightman functions holds with
vanishing ``Unruh-Rindler temperature''. Furtermore, the Carter-like vacuum
restricted to a Bertotti-Robinson region, resulting a pure state there, has
vanishing entropy despite of the presence of event horizons. Some comments on
the real extreme R-N black hole are given
Framework for Model Independent Analyses of Multiple Extra Quark Scenarios
In this paper we present an analysis strategy and a dedicated tool to
determine the exclusion confidence level for any scenario involving multiple
heavy extra quarks with generic decay channels, as predicted in several
extensions of the Standard Model. We have created, validated and used a
software package, called XQCAT (eXtra Quark Combined Analysis Tool), which is
based on publicly available experimental data from direct searches for top
partners and from Supersymmetry inspired searches. By means of this code, we
recast the limits from CMS on new heavy extra quarks considering a complete set
of decay channels. The resulting exclusion confidence levels are presented for
some simple scenarios with multiple states and general coupling assumptions.
Highlighting the importance of combining multiple topology searches to obtain
accurate re-interpretations of the existing searches, we discuss the reach of
the SUSY analyses so as to set bounds on new quark resonances. In particular,
we report on the re-interpretation of the existing limits on benchmark
scenarios with one and multiple pair-produced top partners having non-exclusive
couplings to the third Standard Model generation of quarks.Comment: 31 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, version accepted for publication in
JHE
Properties of Two Hypernovae Entering the Nebular Phase: SN 1997ef and SN 1997dq
The two peculiar Type Ic supernovae (SNe) 1997ef and 1997dq are shown to have
very similar photometric and spectral evolution in the epochs when both SNe are
observed (i.e. beyond days after the explosion). The early light
curves and spectra of SN 1997ef suggested that this was a ``hypernova,'' or
``SN 1998bw-like Type Ic supernova.'' The fact that the two SNe are very
similar allows us to extend the time coverage of this type of event, since SN
1997dq, unlike SN 1997ef, was observed well into the nebular phase. In contrast
to SN 1998bw, the spectra of these two SNe did not become fully nebular until
almost one year after the explosion. During a long transition phase, lasting at
least 6 months, the SNe developed nebular emission in lines of [\OI] and
[\CaII], but at the same time they retained an underlying, photospheric-type
spectrum, originating at very low velocities. Spectral synthesis techniques are
used to model the spectrum of SN 1997dq, suggesting that it produced \sim 0.16
\Msun of \Nifs, and that a significant fraction of this is located in a dense,
low-velocity inner region.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures. To appear in the Astrophysical Journal (October
20, 2004
Torsional birefringence in metric-affine Chern-Simons gravity: gravitational waves in late-time cosmology
In the context of the metric-affine Chern-Simons gravity endowed with
projective invariance, we derive analytical solutions for torsion and
nonmetricity in the homogeneous and isotropic cosmological case, described by a
flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric. We describe in some details the general
properties of the cosmological solutions in the presence of a perfect fluid,
such as dynamical stability and the settling of big bounce points, and we
discuss the structure of some specific solutions reproducing de Sitter and
power law behaviours for the scale factor. Then, we focus on first-order
perturbations in the de Sitter scenario, and we study the propagation of
gravitational waves in the adiabatic limit, looking at tensor and scalar
polarizations. In particular, we find that metric tensor modes couple to
torsion tensor components, leading to the appearance, as in the metric version
of Chern-Simons gravity, of birefringence, described by different dispersion
relations for the left and right circularized polarization states. As a result,
the purely tensor part of torsion propagates like a wave, while nonmetricity
decouples and behaves like a harmonic oscillator. Finally, we discuss scalar
modes, outlining as they decay exponentially in time and do not propagate.Comment: References adde
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