Does economic freedom increase income inequality? Evidence from the EU countries

Over the past decades there have been considerable changes in policies and institutions in favor of economic freedom in the EU countries. This trend coincides with widespread increases in income inequality in numerous member states. To what extent does economic freedom encourage inequality? This paper examines the relationship between economic freedom and income inequality in the EU countries using panel data for the 2000s. The empirical evidence suggests that economic freedom seems to entail greater income inequality. However, not all areas of economic freedom affect income distribution similarly. While government size and regulation appear to be robustly associated with income inequality, legal system and property rights, sound money, and freedom to trade internationally seem not to be significantly related with income distribution in the European context.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Statistical Model Checking of e-Motions Domain-Specific Modeling Languages

Domain experts may use novel tools that allow them to de- sign and model their systems in a notation very close to the domain problem. However, the use of tools for the statistical analysis of stochas- tic systems requires software engineers to carefully specify such systems in low level and specific languages. In this work we line up both sce- narios, specific domain modeling and statistical analysis. Specifically, we have extended the e-Motions system, a framework to develop real-time domain-specific languages where the behavior is specified in a natural way by in-place transformation rules, to support the statistical analysis of systems defined using it. We discuss how restricted e-Motions sys- tems are used to produce Maude corresponding specifications, using a model transformation from e-Motions to Maude, which comply with the restrictions of the VeStA tool, and which can therefore be used to per- form statistical analysis on the stochastic systems thus generated. We illustrate our approach with a very simple messaging distributed system.Universidad de Málaga Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Research Project TIN2014-52034-R an

Disparities in entrepreneurship indicators across EU countries

The levels and characteristics of entrepreneurship differ widely across EU member countries due to diverse cultural, educational, economic-financial and institutional reasons. Taking as reference data provided by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), this paper analyzes the disparities in entrepreneurship indicators among the EU member countries in 2007 and 2013, highlighting the most significant changes occurred during the Great Recession. For this purpose, some of the major indices of inequality have been calculated, namely the Gini, Theil and Atkinson indices. In addition, the change in the Gini coefficient between these two years is additively decomposed into mobility and progressivity components, and growth incidence curves of some key indicators of entrepreneurial activity are estimated. Overall, we find that inequality among countries in most entrepreneurial attitude and aspiration indicators tends to diminish over the period 2007-2013. For all indicators the reduction is more generalized across the efficiency-driven economies than across the innovation-driven economies.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Entrepreneurship and Economic Liberalization in the OECD Countries

Entrepreneurship displays remarkable differences across countries because of diverse factors. In this sense, it is frequently argued that economic liberalization encourages entrepreneurship. In this paper we address the extent to which economic freedom, understood as market economy oriented institutions and policies, matters for entrepreneurial activity through a panel data analysis for 78 countries during the period 2001-2012. We examine the relationship between the Fraser Institute’s economic freedom index and its five areas, and three entrepreneurial activity indicators from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, namely total entrepreneurial activity, necessity entrepreneurship and opportunity entrepreneurship. Economic freedom seems to increase opportunity entrepreneurship and decrease necessity entrepreneurship. Focusing on the OECD countries, we highlight that economic freedom is positively associated with entrepreneurship. In terms of entrepreneurship motivation, we find that a more flexible regulation of credit, labor and business, as well as entrepreneurial attitudes, may contribute to enhance opportunity entrepreneurshipUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Examinig the roloe of economic liberalization in entrepeneurship: a cross-country study

In the last few decades some authors have underlined the role of institutions and policies for entrepreneurship. North (1990) underlines that entrepreneurs are the main agents of change and that organizations, such as firms set up by entrepreneurs, adapt their activities and strategies to fit the opportunities and limitations provided through formal and informal institutional frameworks. Baumol (1990) hypothesizes that entrepreneurial individuals channel their efforts in different directions depending on the quality of prevailing economic, political, and legal institutions. Sobel (2008) asserts that better institutions have both more productive entrepreneurship and also less unproductive entrepreneurship. He stresses that the best path to foster entrepreneurship is through institutional reforms that constrain or minimize the role of government. In this context, economic freedom may be seen as a significant aspect for entrepreneurial activity and it is frequently argued that economic liberalization encourages entrepreneurship. In this paper we address the extent to which economic freedom, understood as market economy oriented institutions and policies, matters for entrepreneurial activityUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Eficàcia provada de la quimioteràpia basada en la doxorubicina liposomal no pegilada

Els limfomes són un conjunt de malalties canceroses que afecten el sistema limfàtic. Entre aquests hi ha els limfomes de tipus no hodgkinià, la incidència dels quals ha anat en augment en les últimes dècades. El tractament per quimioteràpia ha inclòs, normalment, la doxorubicina convencional però s'ha mostrat una menor toxicitat cardíaca amb la doxorubicina liposomal no pegilada. Aquest estudi, desenvolupat conjuntament per l'Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol de Badalona i l'Hospital Josep Trueta de Girona, ha provat l'eficàcia d'aquest tipus de tractaments contra limfomes no hodgkinians.Los linfomas son un conjunto de enfermedades cancerosas que afectan al sistema linfático. Entre éstos están los linfomas de tipo no hodgkiniano, cuya incidencia ha ido en aumento en las últimas décadas. El tratamiento por quimioterapia ha incluido, normalmente, la doxorrubicina convencional pero se ha mostrado una menor toxicidad cardíaca con la doxorrubicina liposomal no pegilada. Este estudio, desarrollado conjuntamente por el Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol de Badalona y el Hospital Josep Trueta de Girona, ha probado la eficacia de este tipo de tratamientos contra linfomas no hodgkinianos

La ciudad contemporánea

En la actualidad existe una preocupación por estudiar los modos de habitar en los entornos urbanos, pero no sólo de su morfología o maneras de crecimiento, sino con un especial interés por entender la sociedad urbana en la que estamos inmersos

Drugs, Motivation and Prevention Campaigns in Spain (1994-2007). Story of a Misunderstanding

The aim of this article is to analyze and frame the level of efficacy and adequacy of publicity campaigns for the prevention of drug use in Spain To this end the contents of the messages used by the FAD Antidrug Foundation in television campaigns broadcast between 1994 and 2007 have been reviewed The content of these campaigns has also been linked to the progress and motivation of drug users using the biannual surveys of the Ministry for Equality and Social Welfare The results show that the discourse followed in these campaigns has no relation whatsoever with the said motivations linked with drug abuse Consequently a strategy is required which will have an impact on discouraging and dissuading drug user

A near zero consumption building as an urban acupuncture for a vertical slum. A case study in the city of Malaga, Spain

Vertical slum is defined as a particularly vulnerable height building, with serious problems of functionality, safety and habitability. Venezuela’s Tower of David is a famous example. Vertical slums are associated with an important level of physical degradation, coupled with a precarious socioeconomic situation of its occupants. Their inability to create a community for proper and mandatory maintenance increases their physical deterioration. The abandonment of the original owners is replaced by a system of occupation and illegal activities. In many cases, with an interest in maintaining the building in a state of precariousness, which annuls any attempt to rehabilitate it Facing this situation, the intervention is proposed through an urban acupuncture project, understood as a project of expropriation and physical rehabilitation of the building, associated to a project of social rehabilitation in a disadvantaged environment. It is about creating a hybrid building associated with four objectives 1- Create a hybrid building with a mixed offer of social and housing services: sheltered housing for seniors, residence and accommodation for young entrepreneurs. The idea of a social condenser is related to studies of the hybrid building such as the Downtown Athletic Club in New York, or the Rokade Tower and Maartenshof residence (Groningen, The Netherlands). 2- Incorporate the sustainability parameters directed to a building almost zero. 3- Incorporate a model of provision of housing services, managed by the municipality, but with the possibility of incorporating NGOs 4- Design a social rehabilitation project that facilitates the creation of a web of social-based companies or cooperatives that fosters entrepreneurship, and that can actively participate in the rehabilitation and maintenance of the neighborhood itself. This paper applies these principles to a building in Malaga as a case study and 10 strategies are developed and analysed in regards to its physical, social and sustainable transformation.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Economic institutions and entrepreneurship by opportunity and necessity

Numerous studies highlight that business activity is the main source of economic growth and that productive entrepreneurship is crucial in terms of economic welfare. Entrepreneurship displays remarkable differences across countries because of diverse factors, among others, the economic institutional environment. This paper deals with the extent to which economic institutions matter for opportunity entrepreneurship and necessity entrepreneurship. We examine the relationship between the Fraser Institute's economic freedom index and its five areas, and both indicators from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor on opportunity entrepreneurship and necessity entrepreneurship. We carry out a panel data analysis in the OECD countries and find that economic liberalization tends to encourage opportunity entrepreneurship and to discourage necessity entrepreneurship.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech