Oxfendazole flukicidal activity in pigs

Although oxfendazole (OFZ) is a well know broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic, the assessment of its potential trematodicidal activity remains unexplored. OFZ administration at single high doses has been recommended to control Taenia solium cysticercus in pigs. The current study investigated the flukicidal activity obtained after a single high (30 mg/kg) oral dose of OFZ in pigs harbouring a natural Fasciola hepatica infection. Sixteen (16) local ecotype pigs were randomly allocated into two (2) experimental groups of 8 animals each named as follow: Untreated control and OFZ treated, in which animals received OFZ (Synanthic®, Merial Ltd., 9.06% suspension) orally at 30 mg/kg. At seven (7) days post-treatment, all the animals were sacrificed and direct adult liver fluke counts were performed following the WAAVP guidelines. None of the animals involved in this experiment showed any adverse event during the study. OFZ treatment as a single 30 mg/kg oral dose showed a 100% efficacy against F. hepatica. In conclusion, the trial described here demonstrated an excellent OFZ activity against F. hepatica in naturally infected pigs, after its administration at a single oral dose of 30 mg/kg.Fil: Ortiz, Pedro. Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca; PerúFil: Terrones, Susana. Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca; PerúFil: Cabrera, Maria. Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca; PerúFil: Hoban, Cristian. Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca; PerúFil: Ceballos, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, Laura Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Cantón, Candela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Donedeu, Meritxell. Global Alliance for Livestock Veterinary Medicines; Reino UnidoFil: Lanusse, Carlos Edmundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Luis Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentin

Antennal Phenotype of Triatoma dimidiata Populations and Its Relationship with Species of phyllosoma and protracta Complexes

Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille 1811) Reduviidae Triatominae is the main vector of Chagas disease in several countries of Latin America. As for other vector species, the characterization of T. dimidiata subpopulations within particular geographical regions or occupying different habitats could help in better planning of vector control actions. A Þrst objective in this study was to evaluate the antennal phenotype as a phenetic marker to characterize populations of T. dimidiata collected in different geographic areas and domestic and sylvatic habitats. A second objective was to evaluate the phenetic relationships of T. dimidiata with other species of the phyllosoma complex: longipennis, pallidipennis, and phyllosoma. The antennal sensilla of T. dimidiata specimens collected in Mexico, Central America, and Colombia were analyzed and compared with the antennal sensilla of T. longipennis, T. pallidipennis, and T. phyllosoma. T. barberi was used as an outgroup in the analysis. For each specimen, the ventral side of the three distal segments of the antennae was drawn, identifying and counting four types of sensilla. In T. dimidiata, univariate and multivariate analysis showed differences between sexes, among populations collected in different habitats within the same region, and among populations collected in different geographic regions. Two types of antennal sensilla showed a latitudinal variation. Domestic specimens showed intermediate characteristics of the antennal phenotype, between sylvatic cave- and sylvatic forest-collected specimens. The antennal phenotypes show high similarities among T. pallidipennis, T. phyllosoma, and T. longipennis, with a better differentiation of T. pallidipennis. T. dimidiata is separated from the other members of the complex by a similar distance to T. barberi, of the protracta complex.Fil: Catala, Silvia Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Secretaría de Industria y Minería. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Provincia de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Sachetto, C.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Secretaría de Industria y Minería. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Provincia de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, Mariana Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Secretaría de Industria y Minería. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Provincia de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Rosales, R.. Universidad de San Carlos; GuatemalaFil: Salazar Schettino, P. M.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Gorla, David Eladio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Secretaría de Industria y Minería. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Provincia de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja; Argentin

Enrofloxacin-based therapeutic strategy for the prevention of endometritis in susceptible mares

Enrofloxacin (EFX) is often used empirically to prevent uterine infections in mares in order to improve efficiency on Commercial Embryo Transfer Farms. This study investigated the uterine distribution of EFX and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CFX) in mares and assessed the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of EFX against various common pathogens as a basis for establishing a rational dosing schedule. Plasma and uterine pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were performed in two groups (n = 5) of healthy mares following intravenous (i.v.) administration of EFX at either 2.5 and at 5 mg/kg bodyweight. Plasma and endometrial tissue samples, taken before for up to 48 h after treatment were analysed by Reverse Phase HPLC. MIC values for wild strains of Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (β-haemolytic streptococci) ranged from 0.25-2 and 1.5-3.0 μg/mL respectively. In terms of tissue distribution, the sum of the endometrial concentrations of the parent drug (EFX) and its active metabolite (CFX) (in terms of AUC), exceeded those in plasma by 249% and 941% following administration of EFX at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg respectively. After i.v. treatment with EFX at 5 mg/kg, endometrial concentrations of EFX and CFX above the MIC value were detected for 36-48 and 22-43 h posttreatment for Gram-negative and -positive isolates respectively. Concentrations above MIC were maintained for much shorter periods at the lower (2.5 mg/kg) treatment dose. Based on these results, a conventional dose (5 mg/kg) of EFX given prebreeding followed by two further doses at 36-48 h postbreeding are proposed as a rational strategy for using of EFX as a preventative therapy against a variety of common bacterial strains associated with equine endometritis.Fil: González, C. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatología. Laboratorio de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, L.. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatología. Laboratorio de Farmacología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fumuso, E..Fil: García, J..Fil: Rivulgo, M..Fil: Confalonieri, A..Fil: Sparo, M..Fil: Sánchez Bruni, S.

Natural antimicrobial compounds immobilised on silica microparticles as filtering materials: Impact on the metabolic activity and bacterial viability of waterborne microorganisms

[EN] The aim of this work was to assess the capability of filtering materials based on silica microparticles functionalised with essential oil components (EOCs) to remove waterborne bacteria from water, and to elucidate the mechanism of action of the inhibitory effect of the filtering materials on the metabolic activity and viability of the studied pathogens. Different silica microparticles (25, 50, 75, 200 or 375 mu m) were functionalised with carvacrol, eugenol, thymol and vanillin to obtain filtering materials which removal capability was evaluated using distilled water inoculated with Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori, Legionella pneumophila or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10(4)-10(7) cells/mL). Water samples were filtered through different layer thicknesses (0.5, 1 or 1.5 cm) of the filtering materials and the microbial load retained was determined by plate count. In addition, fluorescent viability staining, determination of cellular ATP content, direct viable count-fluorescent in situ hybridisation (DVC-FISH) and propidium monoazide-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PMA-qPCR) analyses were performed to prove the materials' antimicrobial properties. The results exhibited that EOC-functionalised supports were capable of eliminating waterborne microorganisms from water with log reduction values falling within the 3-5 range, whereas the non-functionalised materials did not present relevant inhibitory capacity. The irreversible effect of the EOC-functionalised supports on the viability and metabolic activity of treated bacteria was confirmed by fluorescent staining (absence or red stained cells) and DVC-FISH (no elongated cells). Cellular ATP content was significantly reduced after filtering the inoculated water samples through the EOC-functionalised supports (cATP values below 10 pg/mL). Similarly, the concentration of viable bacteria determined by PMA-qPCR showed the inhibitory effect of the developed materials with negative quantification values for H. pylori and values of 7.98 . 10(1)-6.07 .10(3) GU/mL for L. pneumophila water samples filtered with the EOC-functionalised supports. Thus, the use of the functionalised filtering materials led to loss of bacterial viability of the treated microorganisms with irreversible morphological and metabolic alterations, which confirms their potential use as filtering aids with additional properties for the biological control of water. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades and FEDER-EU (Project RTC-2017-6100-2). M.R.R. acknowledges the Generalitat Valenciana for her Postdoctoral Fellowship (APOSTD/2019/118). Emivasa Company is acknowledged for their participation in the project and technical supportRibes Llop, S.; Ruiz Rico, M.; Moreno-Mesonero, L.; Moreno Trigos, MY.; Barat Baviera, JM. (2021). Natural antimicrobial compounds immobilised on silica microparticles as filtering materials: Impact on the metabolic activity and bacterial viability of waterborne microorganisms. Environmental Technology & Innovation. 21:1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.101219S1142

Estudio psicosocial de experiencias comunales de vida relacionadas al uso y conservación del recurso hídrico en Colima

El Estudio psicosocial de experiencias comunales de vida relacionadas al uso y conservación del recurso hídrico en Colima, tiene como objeto analizar e identificar la relación entre las variables Sentido de comunidad y las Experiencias de inseguridad del agua en el hogar; a través de subcategorías de sentido de comunidad y variables como edad y género. Para ello se utilizó una metodología mixta de investigación, con preponderancia cuantitativa en el diseño, por encima de la cualitativa, aunque no menos importante, ya que a través de esta última fue posible contrastar hallazgos con unidades de análisis (expresiones, puntos de visa, pensamientos y sentimientos de los participantes) favorables a una mayor profundización del problema investigado. La mayor parte de investigación fue realizada durante el año 2019, suspendiéndose en el año 2020, debido a situación sanitaria mundial respecto a SARS-CoV-19. El lugar de estudio fue el Cantón Colima, ubicada en el municipio de Suchitoto, departamento de Cuscatlán, de El Salvador, los participantes fueron hombres y mujeres entre los 18 y 86 años, de los caseríos Potreritos y Canaán, pertenecientes a Colima. Los resultados apuntan a una correlación negativa entre variables de sentido de comunidad (específicamente Conexión emocional Compartida) y las Experiencias de inseguridad de agua en el hogar, sin influencia alta en variables como género, y con nula influencia en variable edad. Lo anterior, en concordancia con otros estudios, destaca la existencia de lazos afectivos, la identidad y la pertenencia, como factores psicológicos y psico-sociales de mucha incidencia en la percepción de vivencias de inseguridad relacionadas al agua en el hogar

RepA-WH1 prionoid: Clues from bacteria on factors governing phase transitions in amyloidogenesis

10 p.-1 fig.In bacterial plasmids, Rep proteins initiate DNA replication by undergoing a structural transformation coupled to dimer dissociation. Amyloidogenesis of the ‘winged-helix’ N-terminal domain of RepA (WH1) is triggered in vitro upon binding to plasmid-specific DNA sequences, and occurs at the bacterial nucleoid in vivo. Amyloid fibers are made of distorted RepA-WH1 monomers that assemble as single or double intertwined tubular protofilaments. RepA-WH1 causes in E. coli an amyloid proteinopathy, which is transmissible from mother to daughter cells, but not infectious, and enables conformational imprinting in vitro and in vivo; i.e. RepA-WH1 is a ‘prionoid’. Microfluidics allow the assessment of the intracellular dynamics of RepA-WH1: bacterial lineages maintain two types (strains-like) of RepA-WH1 amyloids, either multiple compact cytotoxic particles or a single aggregate with the appearance of a fluidized hydrogel that it is mildly detrimental to growth. The Hsp70 chaperone DnaK governs the phase transition between both types of RepA-WH1 aggregates in vivo, thus modulating the vertical propagation of the prionoid. Engineering chimeras between the Sup35p/[PSI*] prion and RepA-WH1 generates [REP-PSI*], a synthetic prion exhibiting strong and weak phenotypic variants in yeast. These recent findings on a synthetic, self-contained bacterial prionoid illuminate central issues of protein amyloidogenesis.Research on RepA-WH1 amyloids at CIBCSIC is currently financed by Spanish MINECO grants BIO2012-30852 and CSD2009-00088.Peer reviewe

Impacto de la mutación homocigota en Nudix hidrolasa 15 sobre la mielosupresión con 6-mercaptopurina en una niña europea con leucemia linfoblástica aguda: A propósito de un caso

A 6-year-old girl diagnosed with intermediate-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) presented with severe myelotoxicity and multiple infections during phase IB induction treatment with 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). In the subsequent treatment phases, which included 6-MP, the patient continued to show bone marrow aplasia and neutropenia, necessitating numerous dose adjustments and interruptions. The recommended dose was eventually reduced to 5 %. A pharmacogenetic analysis, conducted in induction phase IB, detected three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) gene, and the phenotype of a normal metabolizer was observed. As a result of a second pharmacogenetic analysis, pathological polymorphisms were revealed in Nudix hydrolase 15 (NUDT15), which may explain the patient’s myelotoxicity. Hence, a pharmacogenetic analysis performed in advance would have been able to prevent her from suffering severe toxicity and/or treatment failure.Una paciente pediátrica de 6 años, diagnosticada de leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) de riesgo intermedio, presenta milotoxicidad grave y múltiples infecciones durante la fase de inducción IB del tratamiento con 6-mercaptopurina (6-MP). En las siguientes fases del protocolo de tratamiento, que incluía también 6-MP, la paciente continúa mostrando aplasia de médula ósea y neutropenia, requiriendo numerosos ajustes de dosis e interrupciones. La dosis recomendada de 6-MP se reduce entonces al 5 %. El análisis farmacogenético, realizado en la fase de inducción IB, detectó tres polimorfismos de nucleótido único (SNPs) en el gen que codifica para la enzima tiopurina S-metiltransferasa (TPMT), observándose un fenotipo de metabolizador normal para esta enzima. Como consecuencia, se requirió de un segundo análisis farmacogenético más completo, que reveló polimorfismos patológicos en el gen de la hidrolasa Nudix 15 (NUDT15), explicaría la mielotoxicidad observada en esta paciente. Por ello, un análisis farmacogenético completo debería llevarse a cabo con anterioridad al inicio de 6-MP y de manera rutinaria en la práctica clínica, para conseguir prevenir los efectos adversos graves y/o el fracaso terapéutico

e-Estesia: A Serious Game for Reducing Arousal, Improving Emotional Regulation and Increasing Wellbeing in Individuals with Gambling Disorder

Gambling disorder (GD) is associated with deficits in emotion regulation and impulsivity-related personality traits. In recent years there has been an increase in the use of serious games (SG) to address these factors with positive results. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of the intervention with a new SG (e-Estesia), as an adjunct to a CBT intervention for GD. The sample comprised two groups (experimental group (n = 40) and control group (n = 64)) of patients with GD diagnosis. Both groups received 16 weekly CBT sessions and, concurrently, only the experimental group received 15 additional sessions with e-Estesia. Pre-post treatment with e-Estesia administered in both groups were: DSM-5 Criteria, South Oaks Gambling Screen, Symptom Checklist-Revised and measure of relapses, dropout and compliance of treatment. As regards the experimental group were also administered: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and Impulsive Behavior Scale. No statistically significant differences in the general psychopathological state, emotion regulation or impulsivity were found when comparing the groups. However, patients enrolled in the e-Estesia intervention had significantly less relapses and better indicators of treatment compliance than the control group. Considering these results, the use of complementary tools such as SG are useful for addressing GD