Les champignons parasites du Cèdre de l'Atlas en Afrique du nord et en France.

Les auteurs ont recensé 44 espèces de parasites du Cèdre de l'Atlas en Afrique du nord et en France qui se répartissent en : 21 Deutéromycètes, 10 Ascomycètes, 9 Basidiomycètes, 2 Oomycètes, 2 Zygomycètes

La maladie chancreuse du pin d'Alep (II). Recherche de moyens d'intervention

Le but était de mieux connaître et maîtriser cette maladie, par le biais de traitements chimiques et culturaux. L'étude montre que : la maladie présente des fluctuations interannuelles, liées aux pluies supérieures à la normale - Les contaminations sont estivales ou automnales - La réceptivité des pousses augmente avec leur âge - La durée d'incubation dépasse le semestre - Les mortalités de pousses se produisent en fin d'été - Certains produits limitent les infections - La lutte sylvicole telle que conçue ici est inefficace

Observations sur la reproduction artificielle de l'ombre commun (Thymallus thymallus)

National audienceVarious observations and results of experiments carried out in the hatchery of the "Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche" in Augerolles are presented, concerning the technics of artificials pawning adapted to the physiology of grayling . It is shown that th e physiological characteristics are nearly t he same as those of brown trout . Nevertheless highs ensitivity to low temperatures reduces the speed of the finaloocyte maturation. These observations and experiments lead the authors to give practical recommendations.Diverses observations et résultats d'expériences réalisées à la Salmoniculture du Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche à Augerolles sont présentés, concernant les techniques de reproduction artificielle adaptées à la physiologie de l'Ombre commun. Les caractéristiques physiologiques mises en évidence sont proches de celles de la Truite avec cependant une sensibilité accrue aux basses températures , qui peuvent ralentir très fortement la fin de la maturation ovocytaire. Ces observations et expériences conduisent les auteurs à formuler un certain nombre de conseils pratiques

Pleosporales

One hundred and five generic types of Pleosporales are described and illustrated. A brief introduction and detailed history with short notes on morphology, molecular phylogeny as well as a general conclusion of each genus are provided. For those genera where the type or a representative specimen is unavailable, a brief note is given. Altogether 174 genera of Pleosporales are treated. Phaeotrichaceae as well as Kriegeriella, Zeuctomorpha and Muroia are excluded from Pleosporales. Based on the multigene phylogenetic analysis, the suborder Massarineae is emended to accommodate five families, viz. Lentitheciaceae, Massarinaceae, Montagnulaceae, Morosphaeriaceae and Trematosphaeriaceae

Dothistroma needle blight, weather and possible climatic triggers for the disease's recent emergence

Dothistroma needle blight (DNB), caused by the two fungi Dothistroma septosporum and D. pini, is a major disease of pines with a worldwide distribution. Increases in the incidence and severity of disease in areas where the disease has long been established and notable range expansions have both recently been observed. The aim of this review was to assess the relationship between DNB, weather factors and climate to better understand possible underlying causes of this recent intensification in disease. A substantial body of literature shows that the life cycles of the fungi are closely related to weather factors such as precipitation and temperature. Given the rapid response of DNB to favourable weather conditions, it seems plausible that changes in disease behaviour could be due to changes in climate. The recurrent El Ni~no-Southern oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon influences patterns of temperature and precipitation in many regions of the world, often resulting in warmer and wetter conditions than normal. We found that since the 1950s, four of the past five strong El Ni~no events appear to have coincided with reports of increased DNB activity on an intercontinental scale. The lack of long-term standardized data records limits our ability to fully interpret this relationship, but the projected future climatic conditions in the Northern Hemisphere appear to be increasingly favourable for the disease. Still, other areas of the world may become less favourable, and further research is required to be able to accurately predict DNB outbreaks and their impact on pine forests in the future.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Phylogeny of Penicillium and the segregation of Trichocomaceae into three families

Species of Trichocomaceae occur commonly and are important to both industry and medicine. They are associated with food spoilage and mycotoxin production and can occur in the indoor environment, causing health hazards by the formation of β-glucans, mycotoxins and surface proteins. Some species are opportunistic pathogens, while others are exploited in biotechnology for the production of enzymes, antibiotics and other products. Penicillium belongs phylogenetically to Trichocomaceae and more than 250 species are currently accepted in this genus. In this study, we investigated the relationship of Penicillium to other genera of Trichocomaceae and studied in detail the phylogeny of the genus itself. In order to study these relationships, partial RPB1, RPB2 (RNA polymerase II genes), Tsr1 (putative ribosome biogenesis protein) and Cct8 (putative chaperonin complex component TCP-1) gene sequences were obtained. The Trichocomaceae are divided in three separate families: Aspergillaceae, Thermoascaceae and Trichocomaceae. The Aspergillaceae are characterised by the formation flask-shaped or cylindrical phialides, asci produced inside cleistothecia or surrounded by Hülle cells and mainly ascospores with a furrow or slit, while the Trichocomaceae are defined by the formation of lanceolate phialides, asci borne within a tuft or layer of loose hyphae and ascospores lacking a slit. Thermoascus and Paecilomyces, both members of Thermoascaceae, also form ascospores lacking a furrow or slit, but are differentiated from Trichocomaceae by the production of asci from croziers and their thermotolerant or thermophilic nature. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Penicillium is polyphyletic. The genus is re-defined and a monophyletic genus for both anamorphs and teleomorphs is created (Penicillium sensu stricto). The genera Thysanophora, Eupenicillium, Chromocleista, Hemicarpenteles and Torulomyces belong in Penicillium s. str. and new combinations for the species belonging to these genera are proposed. Analysis of Penicillium below genus rank revealed the presence of 25 clades. A new classification system including both anamorph and teleomorph species is proposed and these 25 clades are treated here as sections. An overview of species belonging to each section is presented

La maladie chancreuse du pin d'Alep. I. Inventaire des champignons associés aux chancres

Morelet Michel. La maladie chancreuse du pin d'Alep. I. Inventaire des champignons associés aux chancres. In: Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon, 40ᵉ année, n°9, novembre 1971. pp. 265-269

Kabatina thujae, agent d'une nouvelle maladie du cyprès de l'Arizona en France

Morelet Michel. Kabatina thujae, agent d'une nouvelle maladie du cyprès de l'Arizona en France. In: Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon, 39ᵉ année, n°6, juin 1970. pp. 213-216

Etude expérimentale préliminaire des Pollaccia inféodés aux peupliers de la section Leuce

L'auteur démontre, expérimentalement, par inoculations foliaires à l'aide de souches monoconidiennes, homologues et hétérologues, que le Pollaccia radiosa (Lib.) Bald, et Cif. est l'agent de la tavelure des Populus tremula et Populus x canescens, que le Pollaccia ramulosa (Rostrup.) Ondrej est celui de la tavelure du Populus alba, et que le Pollaccia letifera (Peck) Morelet est celui de la tavelure du Populus tremuloides.Morelet Michel. Etude expérimentale préliminaire des Pollaccia inféodés aux peupliers de la section Leuce. In: Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon, 52ᵉ année, n°4, avril 1983. pp. 104-107