Human predisposition to cognitive impairment and its relation with environmental exposure to potentially toxic elements

New lines of evidence suggest that less than 10% of neurodegenerative diseases have a strict genetic aetiology and other factors may be prevalent. Environmental exposures to potentially toxic elements appear to be a risk factor for Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and sclerosis diseases. This study proposes a multidisciplinary approach combining neurosciences, psychology and environmental sciences while integrating socio-economic, neuropsychological, environmental and health data. We present the preliminary results of a neuropsychological assessment carried out in elderly residents of the industrial city of Estarreja. A battery of cognitive tests and a personal questionnaire were administered to the participants. Multivariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to identify potential relationships between the cognitive status of the participants and environmental exposure to potentially toxic elements. The results suggest a relationship between urinary PTEs levels and the incidence of cognitive disorders. They also point towards water consumption habits and profession as relevant factors of exposure. Linear regression models show that aluminium (R2 = 38%), cadmium (R2 = 11%) and zinc (R2 = 6%) are good predictors of the scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination cognitive test. Median contents (µg/l) in groundwater are above admissible levels for drinking water for aluminium (371), iron (860), manganese (250), and zinc (305). While the World Health Organization does not provide health-based reference values for aluminium, results obtained from this study suggest that it may have an important role in the cognitive status of the elderly. Urine proved to be a suitable biomarker of exposure both to elements with low and high excretion rates

Reelaborando o viver: o papel do grupo no cotidiano de mulheres idosas Rediseñando el vivir: el papel de los grupos en el cotidiano de mujeres ancianas Redrawing the living: the role of groups in the quotidian of elderly women

Objetiva-se compreender a motivação que impulsiona mulheres idosas a procurarem grupos de convivência, analisar e pontuar a apreensão de estratégias que contribuam para a reelaboração e reinvenção de saberes e fazeres em seus cotidianos. Estudo descritivo-exploratório com abordagem qualitativa realizado durante o primeiro semestre de 2007, com 14 mulheres de 60 anos ou mais, participantes há mais de 1 ano do grupo de convivência para idosos denominado Projeto Gugu, ofertado na cidade de Niterói/RJ. O trabalho de campo efetivou-se por meio de observação participante e de entrevistas. Os dados gerados possibilitaram a produção de categorias que expressam a significância do grupo como cenário de redimensionamento do processo de envelhecimento, de resgate e ampliação da sociabilidade e de vínculos afetivos. Conclui-se que cenários como o estudado podem recriar formas de conceber e viver o envelhecimento, tornando-o ativo e alargando a possibilidade de inclusão social.<br>El objetivo es comprender la motivación que impulsa a las mujeres mayores a buscar grupos de apoyo, analizar y puntuar la toma de estrategias que contribuyan a la reconversión y la reinvención de conocimientos y prácticas en sus vidas cotidianas. Estudio descriptivo-exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo realizado durante el primer semestre de 2007, con 14 mujeres de 60 años o más, participantes de más de 1 año de grupo de apoyo para la tercera edad llamado Proyecto Gugu, ofrecido en la ciudad de Niterói, RJ. El trabajo de campo se llevó a cabo a través de la observación participante y entrevistas. Los datos obtenidos permitieron la producción de las categorías que expresan la importancia del grupo como una configuración para redimensionar el proceso de envejecimiento, de recuperación y expansión de la sociabilidad y lazos afectivos. Concluye-se que, los escenarios estudiados pueden volver a crear formas de diseño y el envejecimiento, lo que activa y amplía la posibilidad de la inclusión social.<br>It aims to understand the motivation that drives elderly women to seek support groups, analyze and score the seizure of strategies that contribute to the redevelopment and reinvention of knowledge and practices in their daily lives. A descriptive and exploratory qualitative approach performed during the first half of 2007, with 14 women aged 60 years or more, participants for more than 1 year of support group for seniors called Project Gugu, offered in the city of Niterói, RJ. The field work was accomplished through participant observation and interviews. Data generated enabled the production of categories that express the significance of the group as a setting for resizing of the aging process, of recovery and expansion of sociability and bonds. It is concluded that as the scenarios studied can recreate forms of design and the aging, making it active and expanding the possibility of social inclusion