Stochastically Perturbed Chains of Variable Memory

In this paper, we study inference for chains of variable order under two distinct contamination regimes. Consider we have a chain of variable memory on a finite alphabet containing zero. At each instant of time an independent coin is flipped and if it turns head a contamination occurs. In the first regime a zero is read independent of the value of the chain. In the second regime, the value of another chain of variable memory is observed instead of the original one. Our results state that the difference between the transition probabilities of the original process and the corresponding ones of the contaminated process may be bounded above uniformly. Moreover, if the contamination probability is small enough, using a version of the Context algorithm we are able to recover the context tree of the original process through a contaminated sample

A História das Ideias de Ludwig von Mises

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado ao Instituto Latino-Americano de Arte, Cultura e História da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino- Americana, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Licenciada em História Orientador: Prof. Dr. Pedro Afonso Cristóvão dos SantosEste artigo procura apresentar o conceito de História das Ideias do economista austríaco Ludwig von Mises. Tomamos como base suas declarações referentes ao tema em seu tratamento Historicismo e da teoria da História, ambos apresentados no livro “Teoria e História”, publicado em 1957. O objetivo é ampliação de repertório no campo da historiografia para o leitor deste trabalho. Apresentado o autor, sua tradição econômica e seu livro, tem lugar sua narração do advento do Historicismo e suas considerações ao mesmo. Seguem-se então três pontos da teoria da História do próprio Mises. À guisa de conclusão, apresenta-se uma breve defesa da necessidade de um diálogo mais aberto entre a universidade e as obras de Mises.Este artículo intenta presentar el concepto de Historia de las ideas del economista austriaco Ludwig von Mises. Basamos sus declaraciones en el tema en su tratamiento El historicismo y la teoría de la historia, ambos presentados en el libro "Teoría e historia", publicado en 1957. El objetivo es ampliar el repertorio en el campo de la historiografía para el lector de este trabajo. Presentado por el autor, su tradición económica y su libro, su narración del advenimiento del historicismo y sus consideraciones sobre él tienen lugar. Esto es seguido por tres puntos de la propia teoría de la historia de Mises. A modo de conclusión, se presenta una breve defensa de la necesidad de un diálogo más abierto entre la universidad y las obras de Mise

Cooperation Without Convergence: Border Carbon Adjustment and Heterogeneity of Climate Actions

Border Carbon Adjustment measures (“BCAs”) were originally conceived to help solve a problem that arises when countries ask firms to internalize the costs of environmental depredation in an open economy. Environmental regulation raises costs to domestic producers who feel and are — both are relevant — disadvantaged vis-à-vis their foreign competitors subject to lower regulatory costs, in ways that impact economic competitiveness but also the effectiveness of the regulation itself, to the extent it is directed at a ‘global commons’ problem such as reducing greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions in an attempt to mitigate climate change. However, BCAs create issues of their own. Among other problems, they may prejudge the recognition of climate actions and impose trade barriers based on that unilateral valuation. This in turn may alienate trading countries subject to such measures, leading to a logic of tit-for-tat retaliation. The disruption from environmental border measures can be exacerbated by the design and features of specific BCAs, while their level of trade-restrictiveness could be measured through the application of traditional international trade disciplines. In view of this, this paper examines a possible way forward that combines cooperation on trade policy without convergence on climate action — the ‘climate mutual recognition’ approach — concluding that it bears the potential to address some of the most problematic impacts of unilateral BCAs while accommodating the legal and political constraints that define the current state of climate and trade governance

Automated Medical Device Display Reading Using Deep Learning Object Detection

Telemedicine and mobile health applications, especially during the quarantine imposed by the covid-19 pandemic, led to an increase on the need of transferring health monitor readings from patients to specialists. Considering that most home medical devices use seven-segment displays, an automatic display reading algorithm should provide a more reliable tool for remote health care. This work proposes an end-to-end method for detection and reading seven-segment displays from medical devices based on deep learning object detection models. Two state of the art model families, EfficientDet and EfficientDet-lite, previously trained with the MS-COCO dataset, were fine-tuned on a dataset comprised by medical devices photos taken with mobile digital cameras, to simulate real case applications. Evaluation of the trained model show high efficiency, where all models achieved more than 98% of detection precision and more than 98% classification accuracy, with model EfficientDet-lite1 showing 100% detection precision and 100% correct digit classification for a test set of 104 images and 438 digits.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Guia para implementação de um sistema de gestão da responsabilidade social (incluindo as dimensões qualidade, ambiente e segurança) no sector químico dos detergentes e produtos de higiene e limpeza

A indústria química dos detergentes e produtos de higiene e limpeza desenvolve e comercializa produtos que são essenciais na promoção da qualidade de vida. Neste segmento de mercado actuar responsavelmente significa actuar eticamente ao longo da toda a cadeia de valor. A performance do negócio pode ser melhorada de forma sustentável (económica, ambiental e socialmente) tendo em consideração as necessidades das Partes Interessadas. Esta Tese desenvolve um Guia para a implementação de um Sistema de Gestão da Responsabilidade Social, segundo a norma NP 4469-1:2008, neste sector químico de actividade, integrando no seu Modelo de Gestão as seguintes dimensões: Qualidade (Norma NP EN ISSO 9001:2008), Ambiente (Norma NP EN ISSO 14001:2004) e Segurança e Higiene no Trabalho (Norma OHSAS 18001:2007)

Government Procurement, Financial Services, and Environment: Linkages and Implications for the EU and Brazil

The relationship between trade and the environment is increasingly a priority for policymakers and civil society. However, some of the disciplines covered by modern trade agreements have not received enough attention when it comes to their potential impact on the environment. Financial services and government procurement are two such areas, even though they are increasingly consequential topics for international trade policy and negotiations. This blind spot merits greater consideration as the connections definitely exist: the regulation of government procurement and financial services can have positive or negative implications for environmental outcomes on the ground, which makes understanding these links a crucial task. Engaging in this very task, this report focuses on the EU-Mercosur Trade Agreement, with a particular attention to the case of Brazil. Using the Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) as an analytical base, the report examines recent and relevant trade agreements entered into by Brazil and the EU to contextualize and understand the links between environmental protection on the one hand and government procurement and financial services on the other. The insights generated are then applied to the analysis of the government procurement and financial services chapters of the EUMTA, in an effort to understand how these rules affect parties’ ability to regulate in pursuit of environmental outcomes

Decoherence of a composite particle induced by a weak quantized gravitational field

Despite the fact that we have some proposals for the quantum theory of gravity like string theory or loop quantum gravity, we do not have any experimental evidence supporting any of these theories. Actually, we do not have experimental evidence pointing in the direction that we really need a quantum description of the gravitational field. In this scenario, several proposals for experimentally investigating quantum gravitational effects far from Plank scale have recently appear in literature, like gravitationally induced entanglement, for instance. An important issue of theses approaches is the decoherence introduced by the quantum nature not only of the system under consideration, but also from the gravitational field itself. Here, by means of the Feynman-Vernon influence functional we study the decoherence of a quantum system induced by the quantized gravitational field and by its own quantum nature. Our results may be important in providing a better understanding of many phenomena like the decoherence induced by the gravitational time-dilation, the quantum reference frames and the quantum equivalence principle.Comment: Comments are welcom