Primeiro relato e colonização diferencial de espécies de Passiflora pelo biótipo B de Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) no Brasil

This note is the first report of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B colonizing passionvine in Brazil. We examined the colonization of nine Passiflora species by a wild B type population under greenhouse conditions. P. amethystina Mikan was the most preferred species for oviposition and colonization, whereas P. suberosa L., P. coriacea Juss. and two commercially cultivated species, P. alata Curtis and P. edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Degener, were mostly uncolonised. P. morifolia Mast., P. cincinnata Mast., P. foetida L. and P. caerulea L. showed intermediate levels of colonization. Such differential colonization might suggest some degree of resistance by certain Passiflora species or oviposition preference by B. tabaci.Esse trabalho descreve pela primeira vez a ocorrência do aleirodídeo Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biótipo B colonizando maracujazeiros no Brasil. Também foi examinada a colonização de nove espécies de Passiflora pelo inseto em condições de telado. P. amethystina Mikan foi a espécie de maior preferência para oviposição e colonização, enquanto P. suberosa L., P. coriacea Juss. e duas espécies cultivadas comercialmente, P. alata Curtis e P. edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Degener, foram pouco colonizadas pelo aleirodídeo. P. morifolia Mast., P. cincinnata Mast., P. foetida L. e P. caerulea L. exibiram níveis intermediários de colonização. Esses resultados sugerem que certas espécies de Passiflora exibem diferentes graus de resistência à colonização ou preferência para oviposição de B. tabaci biótipo B

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time, and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space. While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes, vast areas of the tropics remain understudied. In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity, but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases. To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge, it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Towards a collaborative approach to the systematics of Ipomoea: A response to the “Rebuttal to (2786) Proposal to change the conserved type of Ipomoea, nom. cons. (Convolvulaceae)”.

A proposal to change the conserved type of was published in December 2020, and recommended by the Nomenclature Committee in 2023. This was done in the light of the possible negative consequences for a name change in the crop sweetpotato, which risk our proposal would significantly minimize. Recently, Muñoz‐Rodríguez & al. have published a rebuttal to this proposal, which we respond to here. The objections raised by these authors focus as much on the expertise and credibility of our group of authors as on the merits of our arguments. In this “rebuttal to the rebuttal”, we respond to the scientific questions raised, highlight demonstrated misinterpretation of the specialised literature relevant to this discussion and counter the assertion that a reclassification of Ipomoeeae is impossible given existing evidence. While the currently recognised genera of Ipomoeeae are not all monophyletic, the proposal to change the conserved type of is a necessary step that will allow exploring an improved classification for the tribe Ipomoeeae, either in the form of a better recircumscription of the genera or an efficient infrageneric classification for . Previously published literature has not advocated for the integration of all genera into a single genus, as Muñoz‐Rodríguez and co‐authors have incorrectly suggested, and instead have recommended a reanalysis of the high morphological diversity of the group in the context of expanded phylogenetic studies, with the possible maintenance of some of the existing genera. We believe that, in a concerted collaborative approach and with the contribution of experts from different regions and scientific backgrounds, an improved classification of Ipomoeeae that integrates the principles of monophyly and diagnosability may soon be achieved, and until when some uncertainty may need to be accommodated, with the added reassurance that, regardless of the direction of future systematic rearrangements, the stability of the scientific name of sweetpotato would be preserved

Diretrizes curriculares do curso de pedagogia no Brasil: disputas de projetos no campo da formação do profissional da educação Curriculum guidelines of the pedagogy course in Brazil: project disputes in the field of the training of education professionals

Neste artigo, os autores analisam as novas diretrizes curriculares do curso de pedagogia, objeto de normatização do Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE), em 2005, a partir do debate feito à luz do acervo de conhecimentos teórico-práticos sistematizados pelas principais entidades do campo educacional (ANFOPE, ANPED, CEDES, FORUMDIR, ANPAE).<A NAME="tx01"></A><A HREF="#nt01">1</A> Evidenciam, criticamente, alguns dos problemas e das tensões que marcam a trajetória desse curso ao longo da história da educação brasileira. Focalizam, no âmbito das políticas educacionais, em especial, o movimento dos educadores pela definição das diretrizes curriculares para a formação dos profissionais da Educação Básica, que reflete posições de ordem epistemológica, pedagógica e política atinentes às visões e aos projetos educacionais em disputa, no Brasil, nas últimas décadas. A problematização das diretrizes curriculares concorre para ampliar a compreensão da complexidade do campo da pedagogia e dos desafios teórico-práticos com que as instituições de ensino superior, em particular as universidades, deparam-se para materializar a reforma do curso de pedagogia, na esteira das novas regulamentações legais e na perspectiva de uma formação cidadã.<br>Based on the debate conducted in the light of the theoretical-practical knowledge acquired by the main organisms of the educational field (ANFOPE, ANPED, CEDES, FORUMDIR, ANPAE), the authors analyze the new curriculum guidelines of the pedagogy course, which was regulated by the Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE - Brazilian Council for Education) in 2005. They critically highlight some of the problems and tensions that have marked the trajectory of this course along the history of Brazilian education. Within the educational policies, they more particularly focus on the educator movement for the definition of curriculum guidelines for the training of basic education professionals, which reflects some epistemological, pedagogical and political positions related to the educational visions and project in dispute, in Brazil, these last decades. Problematizing the curriculum guidelines helps understanding better how complex the field of pedagogy is and what theoretical-practical challenges face the higher education institutions, more particularly universities, in order to concretize the reform of the pedagogy course to comply with the new legal regulations but also from the point of view of a citizen training

Characterization, agricultural potential, and perspectives for the management of light soils in Brazil

Os solos leves ocupam cerca de 8% do território brasileiro e são epecialmente expressivos na nova e na última fronteira agrícola do país: a região de Matopiba, nos estados do Maranhão, do Tocantins, do Piauí e da Bahia, onde representam 20% da área. Esses solos enquadram-se nas classes texturais areia e areia franca ou francoarenosa, até a profundidade de 0,75 m ou mais, e são representados principalmente pelos Neossolos Quartzarênicos e, em parte, por Latossolos e Argissolos. O entendimento do funcionamento desses solos depende do estabelecimento de critérios distintivos sobre: dinâmica da matéria orgânica; teor e mineralogia da fração argila; teores de areia grossa e de areia total, em relação aos de areia fina; diâmetro médio da fração areia; e capacidade de retenção de água. Esses critérios podem contribuir para o zoneamento e para o manejo conservacionista e da fertilidade dos solos leves, bem como para estimação de seu potencial agrícola. Sistemas integrados de produção, como os de integração lavoura-pecuária e lavoura-pecuária-floresta, além do plantio direto com rotação de culturas, dos plantios florestais mistos com espécies leguminosas, e do uso de adubos verdes e cultivos de cobertura, são relevantes para o manejo adequado desses solos. O objetivo deste artigo de revisão foi caracterizar os solos leves e apontar os principais desafios em relação a seu potencial agrícola, a seu manejo e conservação e sua fertilidade, frente à expansão e à consolidação da nova fronteira agrícola.Light soils occupy 8% of the Brazilian territory and are especially expressive in the new and last agricultural frontier in Brazil: the Matopiba region – in the states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí, and Bahia –, where they represent 20% of the area. These soils fit into the textural classes of sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam, down to 0.75-m soil depth or deeper, and they are mainly represented by Entisols (Quartzipsamments), and partly by Oxisols and Ultisols. The understanding of soil functioning depends on the establishment of distinguishing criteria for: organic matter dynamics; content and mineralogy of the clay fraction; coarse sand and total sand contents, in relation to those of fine sand; mean diameter of the sand fraction; and water retention capacity. These criteria can contribute for the zoning and for the conservationist and fertility management of light soils, as well as for the estimation of their agricultural potential. Integrated production systems, such as, crop-livestock and crop-livestock-forestry integration, besides no-tillage with crop rotation, mixed forestry planting with legumes, and the use of green manure and cover crops, are relevant for the proper management of these soils. The objective of this review was to characterize light soils and to highlight the main challenges regarding their agricultural potential and their conservation and fertility managements, in face of the expansion and consolidation of the new Brazilian agricultural frontier