8 research outputs found
Humanity's Last Exam
- Author
- Aaron Ashley
- Abdoli Sherwin
- Abramovitch Marcus
- Achilleos Andrea
- Agarwal Kanu Priya
- Agnihotri Shashank
- Agrawal Anish
- Agu Chidozie
- Alapont Xavier
- Albani Guglielmo
- Aldous David
- Algaba Andres
- Alley William
- Ambay John Arnold
- Anantheswaran Ujjwala
- Anderson Daron
- Anderson Earth
- Andrew Favre D. O.
- Andréoletti Jérémy
- Ansarinejad Behzad
- Antonenko Daniil S.
- Apronti Archimedes
- Ardito Cesare Giulio
- Arkhipov Pavel
- Arsene Pierrot
- Aziz Muhammad Fayez
- Bacho Aras
- Bahaloo Mohsen
- Balabanian George
- Bari M Saiful
- Barkan Shaul
- Bartolo Max
- Barzowski Stanislaw
- Basler Luke
- Bateman Greg
- Ben-David Shalev
- Berger Zachary
- Berkani Mohammed
- Bezzi Dario
- Bogdanov Sergei
- Bosio Carlo
- Bradshaw Peter
- Bran Andres M
- Brown Ethan D. L.
- Brown Zachary
- Brüssel Lina
- Bugas Daniel
- Burns Noah
- Bálint Biró
- Cai Jiaqi
- Cao Hangrui
- Carauleanu Marc
- Carmi Avishy
- Carroll Micah
- Cavalleri Stefano
- Cavanagh Joseph M
- Cheatom Antrell
- Chen Evan
- Chen Michael
- Chen Qijia
- Chen Yanxu
- Chen Ziye
- Cheng Zerui
- Chern Steffi
- Chidambaram Muthu
- Choi Michael
- Chopra Arnav
- Ciobâcă Stefan
- Clark Ronald
- Clarke Don
- Cohen Michael K.
- Cohen Niv
- Cojoc Doru
- Coleman Shannon
- Coppola Brian P
- Creighton Scott
- Crisostomi Donato
- Crispino Nick
- Crowson Sarah-Jane
- Crozier Jonathan
- Cunningham David M.
- Daans Nicolas
- Dasouqi Ali
- de Witt Christian Schroeder
- Dehghan Ali
- Demian Christoph
- den Houte Kelsey Van
- Dhamane Omkar
- Dias Felipe Meneguitti
- Dieuleveut Aymeric
- Dobarskyi Kostiantyn
- Doroshenko Mikhail
- Drori Jacob
- Duc Emilien
- Duclosel Darling
- Duersch Joshua
- Efremov Denis
- Eicher Jonathan
- Ekström Fredrik
- EL-Wasif Zienab
- Elgnainy Hossam
- Elser Veit
- Enyekwe Innocent
- Eron Murat
- Fan Honglu
- Faraboschi Paolo
- Farhidi Faraz
- Feng Fiona
- Feng Steven Y.
- Finke Lennart
- Firsching Moritz
- Fish Sara
- Fossum Carl J
- Foster Michael
- Fournier-Facio Francesco
- Fraga Natanael Wildner
- Friedrich Alena
- Galal Abdallah
- Galgon Geoff
- Gangal Varun
- Garretson Alexis C
- Gatti Alice
- Gehrunger Tim
- Gerbicz Robert
- Giboney Zachary
- Gimenez Javier
- Giordano Paolo
- Giska Fabian
- Givré Alan
- Gloor Luk
- Goertzen Tom
- Goldfarb Alan
- Golshani Bita
- Gonzalez Daniel Espinosa
- Goryachev Vladimir
- Goshu Gashaw M.
- Goswami Laxman Prasad
- Green Sean R.
- Gritsevskiy Andrew
- Gross Jason
- Guillod Julien
- Gusev Ilya
- Gustafsson Nils
- Haffenden Hector
- Hammon Angela
- Han Ziwen
- Harris Carter
- Hartman Taylor D.
- Hausenloy Jason
- Hava Dan Bar
- He Hao
- Heidinger Haline
- Heimonen JP
- Held William
- Hernández-Cámara Pablo
- Heydari Nasser
- Ho Andrew
- Ho Linh
- Hoerr Ryan G.
- Hogg Tad
- Holmes David
- Hossain Zaki
- Hu Josephina
- Hu Yuzheng
- Huy Tran Đuc
- Imperial Joseph Marvin
- Inlow Mark H
- Iskra Oleg
- Ivanov Alexander
- Ivanov Sergey
- Ivanov Stefan
- Jackson Joseph W.
- Jagota Milind
- Jain Yashaswini
- Jansen Thorben
- Jeanplong Ferenc
- Jin Alvin
- Jin Jaehyeok
- Jin Jun
- Jones Adam
- Joshi Prashant
- Junior Benedito Alves de Oliveira
- Kaddar Younesse
- Kalinin Mikhail
- Kamalov Firuz
- Kamdoum Ariel Ghislain Kemogne
- Kaparov Nurdin
- Kassahun Haile
- Kassani Peyman
- Kazakov Mstyslav
- Kazemi Fereshteh
- Kazibwe Zakayo
- Khoja Adam
- Khoury Seri
- Khánh Tran Quoc
- Kim Dae Hyun
- Kim Ryan
- Kirchner Jan Hendrik
- Klose Immo
- Kolt Noam
- Koppel James
- Kopylov Alexei
- Korbak Tomek
- Krause Michael
- Kreiman Tobias
- Krenek Keith
- Kretov Egor
- Kuchkin Aleksey
- Kuchkin Vladyslav
- Kumar Pawan
- Kvistad Lynna
- Labrador Yan Carlos Leyva
- Lackner Martin
- Lai Jesyin
- Lamparth Max
- Lauer Pascal
- Lauff Robert
- Le Vinh-Kha
- Lee Jaeho
- Lee Sangwon
- Lee Yongki
- Lengler Johannes
- Ler Dylan
- Leser Julian Noah
- Leventov Roman
- Levin John-Clark
- Lewark Lukas
- Li Bikun
- Li Daofeng
- Li Jeffery
- Li Lianghui
- Li Nathaniel
- Li Yuqi
- Liang Kaiqu
- Lim Derek
- Ling John
- Loader Jacob
- Loiseau Gabriel
- Looi Shi-Zhuo
- Loume Gautier Abou
- Luca G. Bruno De
- Lukas Marco
- Lynch Jayson
- Ma Wenjie
- Ma Ziqiao
- Maar John
- Magoulas Ilias
- Maheshwari Rajat
- Mahmood Mobeen
- Makarychev Yury
- Maksimov Andrey Pupasov
- Malishev Dmitry
- Manik Timothy
- Manolescu Ciprian
- Marion Pierre
- Martin Freddie
- Martinez Dakotah
- Matos Jason O.
- Mazeika Mantas
- McAlister Isaac C.
- McCarty Ben
- Medley George
- Meer Khalida
- Menezes Aline
- Menshawy Ahmed
- Meril Eli
- Merrill William
- Mikov Aleksandar
- Milbauer Jeremiah
- Mishra Subrata
- Moat Richard
- Mofayezi Mohammadreza
- Mohamed Mohanad
- Mohammadzadeh Forough
- Montgomery Kyle
- Morak Wiktor
- Mostaghimi Hamid
- Motwani Sumeet
- Moyano Alejandro José
- Muennighoff Niklas
- Munro Daniel
- Muzhen Jiang
- Myklebust Benjamin
- Mündler Niels
- Naiya Mohinder Maheshbhai
- Nam Jungbae
- Nandor Mark
- Nevirkovets Volodymyr
- Nguyen Jeremy
- Nguyen Tung
- Nie Yuzhou
- Noever David
- Oliveira Edson
- Oller Martí
- Olszewska Katarzyna
- Orel Daniil
- Ovchynnikov Maksym
- Padlewski Piotr
- Pageler Ben
- Pan Jiayi
- Pandey Rohan
- Paradise Orr
- Park Hyunwoo
- Patel Arkil
- Patel Oam
- Patramanis Demosthenes
- Perez Rayner Hernandez
- Perrella David
- Petersen Philipp
- Peñaflor Madellene
- Phan Long
- Phillips Shaun
- Piccardo Marco
- Pinto Antonella
- Piperski Alexander
- Platnick Jacob
- Pokutnyi Oleksandr
- Popov Serguei
- Poritski Vladislav
- Poświata Rafał
- Prabhu Ameya
- Pradeep Ronak
- Press Ori
- Preu Thomas
- Pyda Daniel
- Qazi Usman
- Radionov Maksim
- Ramakrishnan Kalyan
- Rao Arun
- Rawal Kaivalya
- Redenti Andrew
- Remy Nicolas
- Ren Qiuyu
- Ren Richard
- Reuel Anka
- Riis Søren
- Rissone Paolo
- Roberts Jonathan
- Robinson Joshua
- Rodman Emma
- Rodriguez Miguel Orbegozo
- Rogers T. Ryan
- Rossbach Vivien
- Rosu Paul
- Roth Marc
- Rozhoň Václav
- Sahu Anmol
- Sakal Taom
- Sakor Ahmad
- Salazar Julian
- Samuele Fortuna
- Sanchez Alvaro
- Sandlin Jennifer
- Santens Tim
- Santos Emily de Oliveira
- Sauers Scott
- Sayed Mohamed
- Sayous Rafael
- Schmitt Johannes
- Schneider Keith
- Schoelkopf Hailey
- Schut Lisa
- Schwaller Philippe
- Semler Avi
- Sen Archan
- Senthilkuma Shaipranesh
- Shaaban Mohamed
- Shah Imad Ali
- Shah Jainam
- Shah Shailesh
- Shah Tej
- Shahrtash Hossein
- Sharma Asankhaya
- Shen Alexander
- Shen Jiawei
- Shenoy Adithya
- Shi Jack Wei Lun
- Shi Sean
- Shukla Abhishek
- Shukla Priti
- Siddh Sheeshram
- Sileo Damien
- Singer Eric
- Singh Ankit
- Singh Mukhwinder
- Singh Virendra
- Singhal Raghav
- Sivarajan Shankar
- Sommerhage Frank
- Soori Saeed
- Soroko Ignat
- Sparrow Claire
- Sridhar Kaustubh
- Stade Jack
- Stambaugh Nate
- Stander Dashiell
- Stanley Richard
- Stap David
- Stehberger Martin
- Steinerberger Stefan
- Stendall Ryan
- Stokes Alun Cennyth
- Stump Christian
- Sucholutsky Ilia
- Sun Gongbo
- Sun Kunyang
- Sun Yewen
- Sypt Lynn Van Der
- Szlyk Hannah
- Sztyber-Betley Anna
- Taamazyan Vage
- Tam Joanna
- Tang Colin
- Tang Henry
- Tang Longke
- Tang Ning
- Tarver Tim
- Taylor Edwin
- Tee Allison
- Terpin Antonio
- Thaman Kunvar
- Thaman Kushal
- Thornley Elliott
- Tkadlec Josef
- Tomasiello Alessandro
- Tordera Daniel
- Tucker-Foltz Jamie
- Twayana Moon
- Uro Justine Leon
- Usawasutsakorn Siranut
- Utpala Saiteja
- Uzhou Mikalai
- Veith Johannes
- Vendrow Edward
- Vendrow Joshua
- Verbeken Brecht
- Verma Shreyas
- Vilchis Tobias Garcia
- Vilchis Victor Efren Guadarrama
- Vincze Mátyás
- Wang Chenguang
- Wang Harrison K
- Wang Jessica P.
- Wang Jiaqi
- Wang Michael
- Wang Ting
- Wang Zihan
- Wang Zihao
- Wang Zixuan
- Wehr Dustin
- Weller Orion
- Wheeler Richard
- Whitfill Parker
- Willcocks Chris G.
- Williamson Dominic
- Wolff Hew
- Wydallis John
- Wydallis John B.
- Wykowski Julian
- Xavier Joan of Arc
- Xian Ruicheng
- Xu Hanmeng
- Xu Jiangnan
- Yacar Laila
- Yang Jinzhou
- Yang Tong
- Yeadon Will
- Yong Zheng-Xin
- Yu Michael
- Yuan Michelle X
- Yuan Qiaochu
- Zampese Jennifer
- Zang Allen
- Ze-An Ng
- Zebaze Armel Randy
- Zenitani Kengo
- Zhang Anji
- Zhang David K.
- Zhang Gang
- Zhang Hugh
- Zhang Ling
- Zhang Oliver
- Zhang Robin
- Zhang Wenjin
- Zhao Bingchen
- Zhao Haoran
- Zhao Sandy
- Zhelnov Pavel
- Zheltonozhskii Evgenii
- Zheng Eric
- Zhidkovskaya Alina Borisovna
- Zhou Kevin
- Zhou Xiaoxiang
- Zhu Kelin
- Zou Andy
- Zou Chelsea
- Zu Yuexuan
- Zvonkine Dimitri
- Zweiger Adam
- Ängquist Ivar
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 24/01/2025
- Field of study
Benchmarks are important tools for tracking the rapid advancements in large language model (LLM) capabilities. However, benchmarks are not keeping pace in difficulty: LLMs now achieve over 90\% accuracy on popular benchmarks like MMLU, limiting informed measurement of state-of-the-art LLM capabilities. In response, we introduce Humanity's Last Exam (HLE), a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, designed to be the final closed-ended academic benchmark of its kind with broad subject coverage. HLE consists of 3,000 questions across dozens of subjects, including mathematics, humanities, and the natural sciences. HLE is developed globally by subject-matter experts and consists of multiple-choice and short-answer questions suitable for automated grading. Each question has a known solution that is unambiguous and easily verifiable, but cannot be quickly answered via internet retrieval. State-of-the-art LLMs demonstrate low accuracy and calibration on HLE, highlighting a significant gap between current LLM capabilities and the expert human frontier on closed-ended academic questions. To inform research and policymaking upon a clear understanding of model capabilities, we publicly release HLE at https://lastexam.ai
Humanity's Last Exam
- Author
- Aaron Ashley
- Abdoli Sherwin
- Abramovitch Marcus
- Achilleos Andrea
- Adesanya Fatimah
- Adoul Zahra
- Agarwal Arunim
- Agarwal Kanu Priya
- Aggarwal Daattavya
- Agnihotri Shashank
- Agrawal Anish
- Agu Chidozie
- Akov Ido
- Alapont Xavier
- Alarab Ismail
- Albani Guglielmo
- Albanie Samuel
- Aldous David
- Algaba Andres
- Ali Sam
- Alley William
- Aly Rami
- Amaro Brian
- Ambay John Arnold
- Amit Alon
- Anantheswaran Ujjwala
- Anderson Daron
- Anderson Earth
- Andrew Favre D. O.
- Andréoletti Jérémy
- Ansarinejad Behzad
- Antonenko Daniil S.
- Apronti Archimedes
- Ardito Cesare Giulio
- Arkhipov Pavel
- Arnaboldi Luca
- Arsene Pierrot
- Arthornthurasuk Siriphan
- Askew Luke
- Avagian David
- Aziz Muhammad Fayez
- Bacho Aras
- Bacho Kaniuar
- Bacho Renas
- Bahaloo Mohsen
- Balabanian George
- Bari M Saiful
- Barkan Shaul
- Bartolo Max
- Barzowski Stanislaw
- Basler Luke
- Bateman Greg
- Battaglia Mike
- Ben-David Shalev
- Berger Zachary
- Berkani Mohammed
- Bezzi Dario
- Bian Song
- Bigi Filippo
- Bodur Omer Faruk
- Bogdanov Sergei
- Borbás Benjámin
- Boscá M. C.
- Bosio Carlo
- Bosio Ida
- Bradshaw Peter
- Bran Andres M
- Brenner Michael P.
- Brito-Santana Leonor
- Brooks Matthew
- Brown Ethan D. L.
- Brown Zachary
- Brüssel Lina
- Bugas Daniel
- Burdzy Krzysztof
- Burns Noah
- Bálint Biró
- Caciolai Andrea
- Cai Jiaqi
- Cai Will
- Campbell Russell
- Cao Hangrui
- Carauleanu Marc
- Carmi Avishy
- Carroll Micah
- Cartwright Ashley
- Cavalleri Stefano
- Cavanagh Joseph M
- Ceconello Chiara
- Cheatom Antrell
- Chen Evan
- Chen Michael
- Chen Qijia
- Chen Yanxu
- Chen Ziye
- Cheng Vincent
- Cheng Zerui
- Chern Steffi
- Chhablani Gunjan
- Chidambaram Muthu
- Choi Michael
- Chopra Arnav
- Chu Eric
- Ciobâcă Stefan
- Clark Ronald
- Clarke Don
- Clavier Pierre
- Cohen Michael K.
- Cohen Niv
- Cojoc Doru
- Cole Joshua
- Coleman Shannon
- Colino Jesus
- Coppola Brian P
- Cosma Adrian
- Costa Mariana
- Creighton Scott
- Crisostomi Donato
- Crispino Nick
- Crowson Sarah-Jane
- Crozier Jonathan
- Cunningham David M.
- Daans Nicolas
- Dai Liangti
- Dai Linjie
- Dasouqi Ali
- de Witt Christian Schroeder
- Degorre Julien
- Dehghan Ali
- Delaney Ethan
- Demian Christoph
- Demir Gözdenur
- den Houte Kelsey Van
- Dendane Abdelkader
- Dhamane Omkar
- Dias Felipe Meneguitti
- Dick Anna-Katharina
- Dieuleveut Aymeric
- Dobarskyi Kostiantyn
- Doroshenko Mikhail
- Douville Guillaume
- Drori Jacob
- Du Zhehang
- Duc Emilien
- Ducey Josh
- Duclosel Darling
- Duersch Joshua
- Durand Stephane
- Efremov Denis
- Eicher Jonathan
- Ekström Fredrik
- EL-Wasif Zienab
- Elgnainy Hossam
- Elser Veit
- Enyekwe Innocent
- Eron Murat
- Fan Honglu
- Fan Jing
- Fan Jingxuan
- Fan Yiyang
- Faraboschi Paolo
- Farhidi Faraz
- Farina Nicholas
- Fasiludeen Arshad Anil
- Feng Fiona
- Feng Steven Y.
- Ferreira Danyelle
- Ferret Johan
- Finke Lennart
- Finocchio Ross
- Firsching Moritz
- Fish Sara
- Fossum Carl J
- Foster Michael
- Fournier-Facio Francesco
- Fraga Natanael Wildner
- Franca Antonio
- Friday Cary
- Friedrich Alena
- Fruhauff Tony
- Galal Abdallah
- Galgon Geoff
- Gangal Varun
- Garretson Alexis C
- Gatti Alice
- Gehrunger Tim
- Gerbicz Robert
- Giboney Zachary
- Gimenez Javier
- Ginis Vincent
- Giordano Paolo
- Giska Fabian
- Givré Alan
- Gloor Luk
- Goertzen Tom
- Goldfarb Alan
- Golshani Bita
- Gonzalez Daniel Espinosa
- Gonzalez Juan
- Gonzalez Juan Carlos
- Gopi Sivakanth
- Goryachev Vladimir
- Goshu Gashaw M.
- Goswami Laxman Prasad
- Grabb Declan
- Green Sean R.
- Gritsevskiy Andrew
- Gross Jason
- Grover Rynaa
- Guillod Julien
- Gul Shreen
- Gundlach Hans
- Gupta Himanshu
- Gurdogan Hubeyb
- Gusev Ilya
- Gustafsson Nils
- Habibi Farzad
- Haffenden Hector
- Halasyamani Shiv
- Hallman Eric
- Hammon Angela
- Han Ziwen
- Handoko Indria
- Harjadi Chris
- Harris Carter
- Hartman Taylor D.
- Hausenloy Jason
- Hausknecht Kaylie
- Hava Dan Bar
- He Hao
- Heidinger Haline
- Heimonen JP
- Held William
- Hendrycks Dan
- Hernández-Cámara Pablo
- Heydari Nasser
- Ho Andrew
- Ho Linh
- Hoang Hieu
- Hoback Sarah
- Hoerr Ryan G.
- Hogg Tad
- Hollom Lawrence
- Holmes David
- Hoover Alex
- Hossain Zaki
- Hu Josephina
- Hu Yuzheng
- Huanxu
- Hulbert Dave
- Huy Tran Đuc
- Häggström Olle
- Imperial Joseph Marvin
- Inlow Mark H
- Iskra Oleg
- Islam Murat
- Ivanov Alexander
- Ivanov Sergey
- Ivanov Stefan
- Iyer Krishnamurthy
- Jackson Abram
- Jackson Joseph W.
- Jagota Milind
- Jain Yashaswini
- Jallon Antoine
- Jansen Thorben
- Jeanplong Ferenc
- Jiang Tong
- Jiang Xi
- Jiang Yibo
- Jin Alvin
- Jin Jaehyeok
- Jin Jun
- Johnson Bryan
- Jones Adam
- Joshi Prashant
- Junior Benedito Alves de Oliveira
- Kaddar Younesse
- Kalinin Mikhail
- Kamalov Firuz
- Kamdoum Ariel Ghislain Kemogne
- Kaparov Nurdin
- Karakoc Ali
- Karim Loukmane
- Kassahun Haile
- Kassani Peyman
- Kazakov Dmitry
- Kazakov Mstyslav
- Kazemi Fereshteh
- Kazibwe Zakayo
- Kelley Elizabeth
- Khoja Adam
- Khoury Seri
- Khánh Tran Quoc
- Kim Dae Hyun
- Kim Evan
- Kim Ryan
- Kim Wanyoung
- Kirchhof Michael
- Kirchner Jan Hendrik
- Kirtland Aaron
- Klose Immo
- Koech Alice
- Kolt Noam
- Koppel James
- Kopylov Alexei
- Korbak Tomek
- Kratish Yosi
- Krause Michael
- Kreiman Tobias
- Krenek Keith
- Kretov Egor
- Kuchkin Aleksey
- Kuchkin Vladyslav
- Kumar Harsh
- Kumar Pawan
- Kvistad Lynna
- Labrador Yan Carlos Leyva
- Lackner Martin
- Lai Jesyin
- Lai John
- Lamparth Max
- Lang Leon
- Lauer Pascal
- Lauff Robert
- Laurendeau Julien
- Le Vinh-Kha
- Lee Jaeho
- Lee Sangwon
- Lee Yongki
- Lengler Johannes
- Ler Dylan
- Leser Julian Noah
- Leventov Roman
- Levin John-Clark
- Lewark Lukas
- Li Bikun
- Li Daofeng
- Li Jeffery
- Li Lianghui
- Li Nathaniel
- Li Wen-Ding
- Li Xiuyu
- Li Yuqi
- Liakhovitskaia Anna
- Lian Lu Yun
- Liang Kaiqu
- Lim Derek
- Lindsey Jack
- Ling John
- Liu J.
- Lo Eve J. Y.
- Loader Jacob
- Loh Kang Yong
- Loiseau Gabriel
- Long AC
- Looi Shi-Zhuo
- Lorena Ricardo
- Loume Gautier Abou
- Luca G. Bruno De
- Lukas Marco
- Lux Thomas C. H.
- Lynch Jayson
- Ma Wenjie
- Ma Ziqiao
- Maar John
- Maayan Gabe
- Maghsoudimehrabani Mohammad
- Magoulas Ilias
- Maheshwari Rajat
- Mahmood Mobeen
- Makarychev Yury
- Maksapetyan Aleksandr
- Maksimov Andrey Pupasov
- Malina Stephen
- Malishev Dmitry
- Malod Guillaume
- Manik Timothy
- Manolescu Ciprian
- Mao Mao
- Mariji Hodjat
- Marion Pierre
- Martin Freddie
- Martinez Dakotah
- Martinson Sarah
- Matos Jason O.
- Mavroudis Vasilios
- Mazeika Mantas
- McAlister Isaac C.
- McCarty Ben
- McGowan Joseph
- McInnis I. M. J.
- Medley George
- Meer Khalida
- Mehkary Mustafa
- Mendoza Sandra
- Menezes Aline
- Mensah Stephen
- Menshawy Ahmed
- Meril Eli
- Merrill William
- Mikov Aleksandar
- Milbauer Jeremiah
- Milliron Hsiaoyun
- Minissi Ali M. R.
- Mirabadi Ali Khajegili
- Mishra Subrata
- Moat Richard
- Mofayezi Mohammadreza
- Mohamed Mohanad
- Mohammadzadeh Forough
- Montecillo Roselynn Grace
- Montgomery Kyle
- Morak Wiktor
- Mostaghimi Hamid
- Motwani Sumeet
- Mourrat Jean-Christophe
- Moyano Alejandro José
- Muennighoff Niklas
- Munro Daniel
- Muzhen Jiang
- Myklebust Benjamin
- Möller Sören
- Mündler Niels
- Naiya Mohinder Maheshbhai
- Nam Jungbae
- Nandor Mark
- Narayan Himanshu
- Nevirkovets Volodymyr
- Nguyen Jeremy
- Nguyen Tung
- Ni Colin
- Nie Yuzhou
- Noever David
- Obikoya Gbenga Daniel
- Okutsu Kenchi
- Oliveira Edson
- Oller Martí
- Olszewska Katarzyna
- Orel Daniil
- Outevsky David
- Ovchynnikov Maksym
- Padlewski Piotr
- Pageler Ben
- Pan Jiayi
- Pandey Rohan
- Paradise Orr
- Park Haon
- Park Hyunwoo
- Patel Arkil
- Patel Oam
- Patil Deepakkumar
- Patramanis Demosthenes
- Patwardhan Tejal
- Pena Rodrigo De Oliveira
- Pereira Roberto
- Perez Rayner Hernandez
- Peristyy Anton
- Perrella David
- Perry Samuel
- Peskoff Denis
- Petersen Philipp
- Peñaflor Madellene
- Pham Diana T.
- Phan Long
- Phillips Shaun
- Piccardo Marco
- Pinto Antonella
- Piperski Alexander
- Platnick Jacob
- Plecnik Rebeka
- Pokutnyi Oleksandr
- Popescu Mara
- Popov Serguei
- Poritski Vladislav
- Portier Julien
- Pottmaier Daphiny
- Pouriamanesh Rasoul
- Poświata Rafał
- Prabhu Ameya
- Pradeep Ronak
- Press Ori
- Preu Thomas
- Pronin Alexey
- Pyda Daniel
- Qazi Usman
- Qi Hao
- Qin Juehang
- Radhakrishnan Anil
- Radionov Maksim
- Ragoler Alon
- Rai Aanchal
- Ramakrishnan Kalyan
- Ramirez-Trinidad Angel
- Rank Ben
- Rao Arun
- Rawal Kaivalya
- Raynor Brad
- Recchia Gabriel
- Redenti Andrew
- Reidegeld Frank
- Remy Nicolas
- Ren Qiuyu
- Ren Richard
- Resman Nate
- Reuel Anka
- Riblet Robin
- Riis Søren
- Rissone Paolo
- Roberts Jonathan
- Robins Jules
- Robinson Joshua
- Robinson Joshua
- Rodman Emma
- Rodolà Emanuele
- Rodriguez Miguel Orbegozo
- Rodríguez Raúl Adrián Huerta
- Rogers T. Ryan
- Rosa Florencia de la
- Rossbach Vivien
- Rosu Paul
- Roth Marc
- Rozhoň Václav
- Safdari Mohammad
- Sahu Anmol
- Sakal Taom
- Sakor Ahmad
- Salauddin Sk Md
- Salazar Julian
- Samuele Fortuna
- Sanchez Alvaro
- Sandlin Jennifer
- Santens Tim
- Santos Emily de Oliveira
- Santos Tania C. B.
- Sauers Scott
- Saxena Prajvi
- Sayed Mohamed
- Sayous Rafael
- Scaria Kevin Joseph
- Schmitt Johannes
- Schneider Keith
- Schoelkopf Hailey
- Schut Lisa
- Schwaller Philippe
- Scipio Eshawn Jessica
- Segev Ben
- Semler Avi
- Sen Archan
- Senthilkuma Shaipranesh
- Shaaban Mohamed
- Shah Imad Ali
- Shah Jainam
- Shah Shailesh
- Shah Tej
- Shahid Syed M.
- Shahrtash Hossein
- Shamseldeen Samir
- Shapourian Hassan
- Sharma Asankhaya
- Shen Alexander
- Shen Jiawei
- Shenoy Adithya
- Sherman Glen
- Shi Jack Wei Lun
- Shi Sean
- Shinde D. P.
- Shukla Abhishek
- Shukla Priti
- Shulga Nikita
- Shumar Oleg
- Siddh Sheeshram
- Siddiqi Muhammad Rehan
- Sidhu Jasdeep
- Sileo Damien
- Silva Gabriel Poesia Reis e
- Sims Blake
- Singer Eric
- Singh Ankit
- Singh Mukhwinder
- Singh Virendra
- Singhal Raghav
- Sivarajan Shankar
- Sommerhage Frank
- Somrak Maja
- Soori Saeed
- Soroko Ignat
- Souza Victor
- Sparrow Claire
- Sponselee Koen
- Sridhar Kaustubh
- Stade Jack
- Stambaugh Nate
- Stander Dashiell
- Stanley Richard
- Stap David
- Stehberger Martin
- Steinerberger Stefan
- Stendall Ryan
- Stepanic Stanley
- Stokes Alun Cennyth
- Stump Christian
- Sucholutsky Ilia
- Sun Gongbo
- Sun Kunyang
- Sun Yewen
- Sypt Lynn Van Der
- Szlyk Hannah
- Sztyber-Betley Anna
- Taamazyan Vage
- Taheri Omid
- Tam Joanna
- Tan Justin
- Tang Colin
- Tang Henry
- Tang Longke
- Tang Ning
- Tanwie Ngefor Mildred
- Tarver Tim
- Tawfeek Andrew R.
- Taylor Edwin
- Tee Allison
- Terpin Antonio
- Thaman Kunvar
- Thaman Kushal
- Thornley Elliott
- Tiryakioglu Murat
- Tkadlec Josef
- Tomasiello Alessandro
- Tordera Daniel
- Tucker-Foltz Jamie
- Twayana Moon
- Uro Justine Leon
- Usawasutsakorn Siranut
- Utpala Saiteja
- Uzhou Mikalai
- Vajipey Vivek
- Vargus Freddie
- Vaz Warren S.
- Veith Johannes
- Vendrow Edward
- Vendrow Joshua
- Verbeken Brecht
- Vergo Eric
- Verkama Emil
- Verma Shreyas
- Vetoshkin Lavr
- Vilchis Tobias Garcia
- Vilchis Victor Efren Guadarrama
- Vincze Mátyás
- Vinnikov Vladimir
- Votava Jacob
- Wang Alexandr
- Wang Chenguang
- Wang Erik Y.
- Wang Harrison K
- Wang Jessica P.
- Wang Jiaqi
- Wang Michael
- Wang Ting
- Wang Yuzhou
- Wang Zihan
- Wang Zihao
- Wang Zixuan
- Weber Brian
- Weber Simon
- Wehr Dustin
- Weller Orion
- Wheeler Richard
- White Colin
- Whitfill Parker
- Willcocks Chris G.
- Williamson Dominic
- Wolff Hew
- Wu Wentao
- Wydallis John
- Wydallis John B.
- Wykowski Julian
- Xavier Joan of Arc
- Xian Ruicheng
- Xin Linwei
- Xu Hanmeng
- Xu Jiangnan
- Xu Justin
- Yacar Laila
- Yakimchyk Alesia
- Yalın Yiğit
- Yan Minghao
- Yang Jinzhou
- Yang Tong
- Yeadon Will
- Yong Zheng-Xin
- Yu Michael
- Yuan Michelle X
- Yuan Qiaochu
- Yue Summer
- Zampese Jennifer
- Zang Allen
- Ze-An Ng
- Zebaze Armel Randy
- Zekry Mohamed
- Zenitani Kengo
- Zhang Anji
- Zhang David K.
- Zhang Gang
- Zhang Hugh
- Zhang Ling
- Zhang Lixin
- Zhang Oliver
- Zhang Robin
- Zhang Wenjin
- Zhang Xinyu
- Zhao Bingchen
- Zhao Haoran
- Zhao Sandy
- Zhelnov Pavel
- Zheltonozhskii Evgenii
- Zheng Eric
- Zhidkovskaya Alina Borisovna
- Zhou Kevin
- Zhou Xiaoxiang
- Zhou Yuchen Anna
- Zhu Kelin
- Zhuang Chao
- Zou Andy
- Zou Chelsea
- Zu Yuexuan
- Zvonkine Dimitri
- Zweiger Adam
- Ängquist Ivar
- Łucki Jakub
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 24/01/2025
- Field of study
Benchmarks are important tools for tracking the rapid advancements in large language model (LLM) capabilities. However, benchmarks are not keeping pace in difficulty: LLMs now achieve over 90\% accuracy on popular benchmarks like MMLU, limiting informed measurement of state-of-the-art LLM capabilities. In response, we introduce Humanity's Last Exam (HLE), a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, designed to be the final closed-ended academic benchmark of its kind with broad subject coverage. HLE consists of 3,000 questions across dozens of subjects, including mathematics, humanities, and the natural sciences. HLE is developed globally by subject-matter experts and consists of multiple-choice and short-answer questions suitable for automated grading. Each question has a known solution that is unambiguous and easily verifiable, but cannot be quickly answered via internet retrieval. State-of-the-art LLMs demonstrate low accuracy and calibration on HLE, highlighting a significant gap between current LLM capabilities and the expert human frontier on closed-ended academic questions. To inform research and policymaking upon a clear understanding of model capabilities, we publicly release HLE at https://lastexam.ai
Humanity's Last Exam
- Author
- Abdoli Sherwin
- Abramovitch Marcus
- Achilleos Andrea
- Adesanya Fatimah
- Adoul Zahra
- Agarwal Arunim
- Agarwal Kanu Priya
- Aggarwal Daattavya
- Agnihotri Shashank
- Agrawal Anish
- Agu Chidozie
- Akov Ido
- Alapont Xavier
- Alarab Ismail
- Albani Guglielmo
- Albanie Samuel
- Aldous David
- Algaba Andres
- Ali Sam
- Alley William
- Amaro Brian
- Ambay John Arnold
- Amit Alon
- Anantheswaran Ujjwala
- Anderson Daron
- Anderson Earth
- Andre Nathan
- Andréoletti Jérémy
- Ansarinejad Behzad
- Antonenko Daniil S.
- Apronti Archimedes
- Arkhipov Pavel
- Arnaboldi Luca
- Arsene Pierrot
- Arthornthurasuk Siriphan
- Askew Luke
- Avagian David
- Aziz Muhammad Fayez
- Bacho Aras
- Bacho Kaniuar
- Bacho Renas
- Bahaloo Mohsen
- Balabanian George
- Bari M Saiful
- Barkan Shaul
- Bartolo Max
- Barzowski Stanislaw
- Basler Luke
- Battaglia Mike
- Ben-David Shalev
- Berger Zachary
- Berkani Mohammed
- Bian Song
- Bigi Filippo
- Bodur Omer Faruk
- Bogdanov Sergei
- Borbás Benjámin
- Bosio Carlo
- Bosio Ida
- Bran Andres M
- Brenner Michael P.
- Brito-Santana Leonor
- Brown Ethan D. L.
- Brown Zachary
- Brüssel Lina
- Bugas Daniel
- Burdzy Krzysztof
- Burns Noah
- Bálint Biró
- Cai Jiaqi
- Cai Will
- Campbell Russell
- Cao Hangrui
- Carauleanu Marc
- Carmi Avishy
- Carroll Micah
- Cartwright Ashley
- Cavalleri Stefano
- Cavanagh Joseph M
- Ceconello Chiara
- Chen Evan
- Chen Michael
- Chen Qijia
- Chen Yanxu
- Chen Ziye
- Cheng Vincent
- Cheng Zerui
- Chern Steffi
- Chhablani Gunjan
- Chidambaram Muthu
- Choi Michael
- Chopra Arnav
- Chu Eric
- Clark Ronald
- Clarke Don
- Clavier Pierre
- Cohen Michael K.
- Cohen Niv
- Cojoc Doru
- Cole Joshua
- Coleman Shannon
- Coppola Brian P
- Cosma Adrian
- Costa Mariana
- Crisostomi Donato
- Crispino Nick
- Crowson Sarah-Jane
- Crozier Jonathan
- Cunningham David M.
- Daans Nicolas
- Dai Liangti
- Dai Linjie
- Dasouqi Ali
- de la Rosa Florencia
- de Luca G. Bruno
- de Witt Christian Schroeder
- Dehghan Ali
- Delaney Ethan
- Demian Christoph
- Demir Gözdenur
- Dendane Abdelkader
- Dhamane Omkar
- Dias Felipe Meneguitti
- Dick Anna-Katharina
- Dieuleveut Aymeric
- Douville Guillaume
- Drori Jacob
- Du Zhehang
- Duc Emilien
- Ducey Josh
- Duclosel Darling
- Duersch Joshua
- Durand Stephane
- Efremov Denis
- Eicher Jonathan
- Ekström Fredrik
- El-Wasif Zienab
- Elgnainy Hossam
- Elser Veit
- Enyekwe Innocent
- Eron Murat
- Fan Honglu
- Fan Jing
- Fan Jingxuan
- Fan Yiyang
- Farhidi Faraz
- Farina Nicholas
- Feng Fiona
- Feng Steven Y.
- Ferreira Danyelle
- Ferret Johan
- Finke Lennart
- Fish Sara
- Fossum Carl J
- Foster Michael
- Fournier-Facio Francesco
- Fraga Natanael Wildner
- Franca Antonio
- Friday Cary
- Friedrich Alena
- Fruhauff Tony
- Galal Abdallah
- Galgon Geoff
- Gangal Varun
- Garretson Alexis C
- Gatti Alice
- Gehrunger Tim
- Gerbicz Robert
- Giboney Zachary
- Gimenez Javier
- Ginis Vincent
- Giordano Paolo
- Giska Fabian
- Givré Alan
- Goertzen Tom
- Goldfarb Alan
- Golshani Bita
- Gonzalez Daniel Espinosa
- Gonzalez Juan
- Gonzalez Juan Carlos
- Goryachev Vladimir
- Goshu Gashaw M.
- Goswami Laxman Prasad
- Grabb Declan
- Green Sean R.
- Gritsevskiy Andrew
- Gross Jason
- Grover Rynaa
- Guillod Julien
- Gul Shreen
- Gundlach Hans
- Gupta Himanshu
- Gurdogan Hubeyb
- Gusev Ilya
- Habibi Farzad
- Haffenden Hector
- Halasyamani Shiv
- Hallman Eric
- Hammon Angela
- Han Ziwen
- Harjadi Chris
- Harris Carter
- Hartman Taylor D.
- Hausenloy Jason
- Hausknecht Kaylie
- Hava Dan Bar
- Heidinger Haline
- Held William
- Hendrycks Dan
- Hernández-Cámara Pablo
- Heydari Nasser
- Ho Andrew
- Ho Linh
- Hoang Hieu
- Hoback Sarah
- Hoerr Ryan G.
- Hogg Tad
- Hollom Lawrence
- Holmes David
- Hoover Alex
- Hossain Zaki
- Hu Josephina
- Hu Yuzheng
- Hulbert Dave
- Huy Tran Đuc
- Häggström Olle
- Imperial Joseph Marvin
- Inlow Mark H
- Islam Murat
- Ivanov Alexander
- Ivanov Sergey
- Ivanov Stefan
- Iyer Krishnamurthy
- Jackson Joseph W.
- Jagota Milind
- Jallon Antoine
- Jansen Thorben
- Jeanplong Ferenc
- Jiang Tong
- Jiang Xi
- Jiang Yibo
- Jin Alvin
- Jin Jaehyeok
- Johnson Bryan
- Jones Adam
- Joshi Prashant
- Junior Benedito Alves de Oliveira
- Kaddar Younesse
- Kalinin Mikhail
- Kamalov Firuz
- Kamdoum Ariel Ghislain Kemogne
- Kaparov Nurdin
- Karakoc Ali
- Karim Loukmane
- Kassahun Haile
- Kassani Peyman
- Kazakov Mstyslav
- Kazemi Fereshteh
- Kazibwe Zakayo
- Khoja Adam
- Khoury Seri
- Khánh Tran Quoc
- Kim Dae Hyun
- Kim Evan
- Kim Ryan
- Kim Wanyoung
- Kirchhof Michael
- Kirchner Jan Hendrik
- Kirtland Aaron
- Klose Immo
- Kolt Noam
- Koppel James
- Korbak Tomek
- Kratish Yosi
- Krause Michael
- Kreiman Tobias
- Kretov Egor
- Kuchkin Aleksey
- Kuchkin Vladyslav
- Kumar Harsh
- Kumar Pawan
- Kvistad Lynna
- Labrador Yan Carlos Leyva
- Lackner Martin
- Lai Jesyin
- Lai John
- Lamparth Max
- Lang Leon
- Lauer Pascal
- Lauff Robert
- Laurendeau Julien
- Le Vinh-Kha
- Lee Sangwon
- Lee Yongki
- Lengler Johannes
- Ler Dylan
- Leser Julian Noah
- Leventov Roman
- Levin John-Clark
- Lewark Lukas
- Li Bikun
- Li Daofeng
- Li Jeffery
- Li Lianghui
- Li Nathaniel
- Li Wen-Ding
- Li Xiuyu
- Li Yuqi
- Liakhovitskaia Anna
- Liang Kaiqu
- Lim Derek
- Lindsey Jack
- Liu Huanxu
- Lo Eve J. Y.
- Loader Jacob
- Loh Kang Yong
- Loiseau Gabriel
- Looi Shi-Zhuo
- Lorena Ricardo
- Loume Gautier Abou
- Lukas Marco
- Lux Thomas C. H.
- Lynch Jayson
- Ma Wenjie
- Ma Ziqiao
- Maar John
- Maayan Gabe
- Maghsoudimehrabani Mohammad
- Magoulas Ilias
- Maheshwari Rajat
- Mahmood Mobeen
- Maksapetyan Aleksandr
- Maksimov Andrey Pupasov
- Malina Stephen
- Malishev Dmitry
- Malod Guillaume
- Manik Timothy
- Manolescu Ciprian
- Mao Mao
- Mariji Hodjat
- Marion Pierre
- Martin Freddie
- Martinez Dakotah
- Martinson Sarah
- Matos Jason O.
- Mavroudis Vasilios
- Mazeika Mantas
- Mcalister Isaac C.
- Mccarty Ben
- Mcinnis I. M. J.
- Medley George
- Meer Khalida
- Mehkary Mustafa
- Mendoza Sandra
- Menezes Aline
- Mensah Stephen
- Merrill William
- Mikov Aleksandar
- Milbauer Jeremiah
- Milliron Hsiaoyun
- Mirabadi Ali Khajegili
- Mishra Subrata
- Mofayezi Mohammadreza
- Mohamed Mohanad
- Mohammadzadeh Forough
- Montecillo Roselynn Grace
- Montgomery Kyle
- Morak Wiktor
- Mostaghimi Hamid
- Motwani Sumeet
- Mourrat Jean-Christophe
- Moyano Alejandro José
- Muennighoff Niklas
- Munro Daniel
- Muzhen Jiang
- Myklebust Benjamin
- Möller Sören
- Mündler Niels
- Naiya Mohinder Maheshbhai
- Nam Jungbae
- Nandor Mark
- Narayan Himanshu
- Nevirkovets Volodymyr
- Nguyen Jeremy
- Nguyen Tung
- Ni Colin
- Nie Yuzhou
- Noever David
- O. Andrew Favre D.
- Obikoya Gbenga Daniel
- Oliveira Edson
- Oller Martí
- Orel Daniil
- Outevsky David
- Ovchynnikov Maksym
- P V Ragavendran
- Padlewski Piotr
- Pageler Ben
- Pan Jiayi
- Paradise Orr
- Park Haon
- Park Hyunwoo
- Patel Arkil
- Patel Oam
- Patil Deepakkumar
- Patramanis Demosthenes
- Patwardhan Tejal
- Pena Rodrigo de Oliveira
- Pereira Roberto
- Peristyy Anton
- Perrella David
- Perry Samuel
- Petersen Philipp
- Peñaflor Madellene
- Pham Diana T.
- Phan Long
- Phillips Shaun
- Piccardo Marco
- Pinto Antonella
- Piperski Alexander
- Platnick Jacob
- Plecnik Rebeka
- Pokutnyi Oleksandr
- Popescu Mara
- Popov Serguei
- Poritski Vladislav
- Portier Julien
- Pottmaier Daphiny
- Pouriamanesh Rasoul
- Poświata Rafał
- Prabhu Ameya
- Pradeep Ronak
- Press Ori
- Preu Thomas
- Pronin Alexey
- Pyda Daniel
- Qazi Usman
- Qi Hao
- Qin Juehang
- Radhakrishnan Anil
- Radionov Maksim
- Ragoler Alon
- Ramakrishnan Kalyan
- Ramirez-Trinidad Angel
- Rank Ben
- Rao Arun
- Raparthi Sreenivas Goud
- Rawal Kaivalya
- Recchia Gabriel
- Redenti Andrew
- Reidegeld Frank
- Remy Nicolas
- Ren Qiuyu
- Resman Nate
- Reuel Anka
- Riblet Robin
- Riis Søren
- Rissone Paolo
- Roberts Jonathan
- Robins Jules
- Robinson Joshua
- Robinson Joshua
- Rodman Emma
- Rodolà Emanuele
- Rodríguez Raúl Adrián Huerta
- Rogers T. Ryan
- Rossbach Vivien
- Rosu Paul
- Roth Marc
- Rozhoň Václav
- Safdari Mohammad
- Sahu Anmol
- Sakal Taom
- Sakor Ahmad
- Salauddin Sk Md
- Salazar Julian
- Sanchez Alvaro
- Sandlin Jennifer
- Santens Tim
- Santos Emily de Oliveira
- Santos Tania C. B.
- Sauers Scott
- Saxena Prajvi
- Sayous Rafael
- Scaria Kevin Joseph
- Schmitt Johannes
- Schneider Keith
- Schoelkopf Hailey
- Schut Lisa
- Schwaller Philippe
- Scipio Eshawn Jessica
- Segev Ben
- Semler Avi
- Sen Archan
- Senthilkuma Shaipranesh
- Shah Jainam
- Shah Shailesh
- Shah Tej
- Shahid Syed M.
- Shahrtash Hossein
- Shamseldeen Samir
- Sharma Asankhaya
- Shen Alexander
- Shen Jiawei
- Shenoy Adithya
- Sherman Glen
- Shi Jack Wei Lun
- Shi Sean
- Shukla Abhishek
- Shukla Priti
- Shulga Nikita
- Siddiqi Muhammad Rehan
- Sidhu Jasdeep
- Sileo Damien
- Silva Gabriel Poesia Reis E
- Singer Eric
- Singh Ankit
- Singh Mukhwinder
- Singhal Raghav
- Sivarajan Shankar
- Sommerhage Frank
- Somrak Maja
- Soori Saeed
- Soroko Ignat
- Souza Victor
- Sparrow Claire
- Sridhar Kaustubh
- Stade Jack
- Stambaugh Nate
- Stander Dashiell
- Stanley Richard
- Stap David
- Stehberger Martin
- Steinerberger Stefan
- Stendall Ryan
- Stepanic Stanley
- Stump Christian
- Sucholutsky Ilia
- Sun Gongbo
- Sun Kunyang
- Sun Yewen
- Szlyk Hannah
- Sztyber-Betley Anna
- Taamazyan Vage
- Taheri Omid
- Tam Joanna
- Tan Justin
- Tang Colin
- Tang Henry
- Tang Longke
- Tang Ning
- Tanwie Ngefor Mildred
- Tarver Tim
- Tawfeek Andrew R.
- Taylor Edwin
- Tee Allison
- Terpin Antonio
- Thaman Kunvar
- Thaman Kushal
- Thornley Elliott
- Tkadlec Josef
- Tomasiello Alessandro
- Tordera Daniel
- Tucker-Foltz Jamie
- Twayana Moon
- Uro Justine Leon
- Usawasutsakorn Siranut
- Utpala Saiteja
- Uzhou Mikalai
- Vajipey Vivek
- Vargus Freddie
- Vaz Warren S.
- Veith Johannes
- Vendrow Edward
- Vendrow Joshua
- Verbeken Brecht
- Vergo Eric
- Verkama Emil
- Verma Shreyas
- Vetoshkin Lavr
- Vilchis Tobias Garcia
- Vilchis Victor Efren Guadarrama
- Vincze Mátyás
- Vinnikov Vladimir
- Votava Jacob
- Wang Alexandr
- Wang Chenguang
- Wang Erik Y.
- Wang Harrison K
- Wang Jessica P.
- Wang Jiaqi
- Wang Michael
- Wang Ting
- Wang Yuzhou
- Wang Zihan
- Wang Zihao
- Wang Zixuan
- Weber Brian
- Weber Simon
- Wehr Dustin
- Weller Orion
- Wheeler Richard
- White Colin
- Whitfill Parker
- Willcocks Chris G.
- Williamson Dominic
- Wolff Hew
- Wu Wentao
- Wydallis John
- Wykowski Julian
- Xavier Joan of Arc
- Xian Ruicheng
- Xin Linwei
- Xu Hanmeng
- Xu Jiangnan
- Xu Justin
- Yacar Laila
- Yakimchyk Alesia
- Yalın Yiğit
- Yan Minghao
- Yang Jinzhou
- Yang Tong
- Yeadon Will
- Yong Zheng-Xin
- Yu Michael
- Yuan Michelle X
- Yue Summer
- Zampese Jennifer
- Zang Allen
- Ze-An Ng
- Zebaze Armel Randy
- Zekry Mohamed
- Zenitani Kengo
- Zhang Anji
- Zhang David K.
- Zhang Gang
- Zhang Hugh
- Zhang Lixin
- Zhang Oliver
- Zhang Robin
- Zhang Wenjin
- Zhang Xinyu
- Zhao Bingchen
- Zhao Haoran
- Zhao Sandy
- Zhelnov Pavel
- Zheltonozhskii Evgenii
- Zheng Eric
- Zhidkovskaya Alina Borisovna
- Zhou Kevin
- Zhou Xiaoxiang
- Zhou Yuchen Anna
- Zhu Kelin
- Zhuang Chao
- Zou Andy
- Zou Chelsea
- Zu Yuexuan
- Zvonkine Dimitri
- Zweiger Adam
- Łucki Jakub
- Publication venue
- 'Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe (CCSD)'
- Publication date
- 24/01/2025
- Field of study
International audienceBenchmarks are important tools for tracking the rapid advancements in large language model (LLM) capabilities. However, benchmarks are not keeping pace in difficulty: LLMs now achieve over 90% accuracy on popular benchmarks like MMLU, limiting informed measurement of state-of-the-art LLM capabilities. In response, we introduce Humanity's Last Exam (HLE), a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, designed to be the final closed-ended academic benchmark of its kind with broad subject coverage. HLE consists of 3,000 questions across dozens of subjects, including mathematics, humanities, and the natural sciences. HLE is developed globally by subject-matter experts and consists of multiple-choice and short-answer questions suitable for automated grading. Each question has a known solution that is unambiguous and easily verifiable, but cannot be quickly answered via internet retrieval. State-of-the-art LLMs demonstrate low accuracy and calibration on HLE, highlighting a significant gap between current LLM capabilities and the expert human frontier on closed-ended academic questions. To inform research and policymaking upon a clear understanding of model capabilities, we publicly release HLE at https://lastexam.ai
Humanity's Last Exam
- Author
- Abdoli Sherwin
- Abramovitch Marcus
- Achilleos Andrea
- Adesanya Fatimah
- Adoul Zahra
- Agarwal Arunim
- Agarwal Kanu Priya
- Aggarwal Daattavya
- Agnihotri Shashank
- Agrawal Anish
- Agu Chidozie
- Akov Ido
- Alapont Xavier
- Alarab Ismail
- Albani Guglielmo
- Albanie Samuel
- Aldous David
- Algaba Andres
- Ali Sam
- Alley William
- Amaro Brian
- Ambay John Arnold
- Amit Alon
- Anantheswaran Ujjwala
- Anderson Daron
- Anderson Earth
- Andre Nathan
- Andréoletti Jérémy
- Ansarinejad Behzad
- Antonenko Daniil S.
- Apronti Archimedes
- Arkhipov Pavel
- Arnaboldi Luca
- Arsene Pierrot
- Arthornthurasuk Siriphan
- Askew Luke
- Avagian David
- Aziz Muhammad Fayez
- Bacho Aras
- Bacho Kaniuar
- Bacho Renas
- Bahaloo Mohsen
- Balabanian George
- Bari M Saiful
- Barkan Shaul
- Bartolo Max
- Barzowski Stanislaw
- Basler Luke
- Battaglia Mike
- Ben-David Shalev
- Berger Zachary
- Berkani Mohammed
- Bian Song
- Bigi Filippo
- Bodur Omer Faruk
- Bogdanov Sergei
- Borbás Benjámin
- Bosio Carlo
- Bosio Ida
- Bran Andres M
- Brenner Michael P.
- Brito-Santana Leonor
- Brown Ethan D. L.
- Brown Zachary
- Brüssel Lina
- Bugas Daniel
- Burdzy Krzysztof
- Burns Noah
- Bálint Biró
- Cai Jiaqi
- Cai Will
- Campbell Russell
- Cao Hangrui
- Carauleanu Marc
- Carmi Avishy
- Carroll Micah
- Cartwright Ashley
- Cavalleri Stefano
- Cavanagh Joseph M
- Ceconello Chiara
- Chen Evan
- Chen Michael
- Chen Qijia
- Chen Yanxu
- Chen Ziye
- Cheng Vincent
- Cheng Zerui
- Chern Steffi
- Chhablani Gunjan
- Chidambaram Muthu
- Choi Michael
- Chopra Arnav
- Chu Eric
- Clark Ronald
- Clarke Don
- Clavier Pierre
- Cohen Michael K.
- Cohen Niv
- Cojoc Doru
- Cole Joshua
- Coleman Shannon
- Coppola Brian P
- Cosma Adrian
- Costa Mariana
- Crisostomi Donato
- Crispino Nick
- Crowson Sarah-Jane
- Crozier Jonathan
- Cunningham David M.
- Daans Nicolas
- Dai Liangti
- Dai Linjie
- Dasouqi Ali
- de la Rosa Florencia
- de Luca G. Bruno
- de Witt Christian Schroeder
- Dehghan Ali
- Delaney Ethan
- Demian Christoph
- Demir Gözdenur
- Dendane Abdelkader
- Dhamane Omkar
- Dias Felipe Meneguitti
- Dick Anna-Katharina
- Dieuleveut Aymeric
- Douville Guillaume
- Drori Jacob
- Du Zhehang
- Duc Emilien
- Ducey Josh
- Duclosel Darling
- Duersch Joshua
- Durand Stephane
- Efremov Denis
- Eicher Jonathan
- Ekström Fredrik
- El-Wasif Zienab
- Elgnainy Hossam
- Elser Veit
- Enyekwe Innocent
- Eron Murat
- Fan Honglu
- Fan Jing
- Fan Jingxuan
- Fan Yiyang
- Farhidi Faraz
- Farina Nicholas
- Feng Fiona
- Feng Steven Y.
- Ferreira Danyelle
- Ferret Johan
- Finke Lennart
- Fish Sara
- Fossum Carl J
- Foster Michael
- Fournier-Facio Francesco
- Fraga Natanael Wildner
- Franca Antonio
- Friday Cary
- Friedrich Alena
- Fruhauff Tony
- Galal Abdallah
- Galgon Geoff
- Gangal Varun
- Garretson Alexis C
- Gatti Alice
- Gehrunger Tim
- Gerbicz Robert
- Giboney Zachary
- Gimenez Javier
- Ginis Vincent
- Giordano Paolo
- Giska Fabian
- Givré Alan
- Goertzen Tom
- Goldfarb Alan
- Golshani Bita
- Gonzalez Daniel Espinosa
- Gonzalez Juan
- Gonzalez Juan Carlos
- Goryachev Vladimir
- Goshu Gashaw M.
- Goswami Laxman Prasad
- Grabb Declan
- Green Sean R.
- Gritsevskiy Andrew
- Gross Jason
- Grover Rynaa
- Guillod Julien
- Gul Shreen
- Gundlach Hans
- Gupta Himanshu
- Gurdogan Hubeyb
- Gusev Ilya
- Habibi Farzad
- Haffenden Hector
- Halasyamani Shiv
- Hallman Eric
- Hammon Angela
- Han Ziwen
- Harjadi Chris
- Harris Carter
- Hartman Taylor D.
- Hausenloy Jason
- Hausknecht Kaylie
- Hava Dan Bar
- Heidinger Haline
- Held William
- Hendrycks Dan
- Hernández-Cámara Pablo
- Heydari Nasser
- Ho Andrew
- Ho Linh
- Hoang Hieu
- Hoback Sarah
- Hoerr Ryan G.
- Hogg Tad
- Hollom Lawrence
- Holmes David
- Hoover Alex
- Hossain Zaki
- Hu Josephina
- Hu Yuzheng
- Hulbert Dave
- Huy Tran Đuc
- Häggström Olle
- Imperial Joseph Marvin
- Inlow Mark H
- Islam Murat
- Ivanov Alexander
- Ivanov Sergey
- Ivanov Stefan
- Iyer Krishnamurthy
- Jackson Joseph W.
- Jagota Milind
- Jallon Antoine
- Jansen Thorben
- Jeanplong Ferenc
- Jiang Tong
- Jiang Xi
- Jiang Yibo
- Jin Alvin
- Jin Jaehyeok
- Johnson Bryan
- Jones Adam
- Joshi Prashant
- Junior Benedito Alves de Oliveira
- Kaddar Younesse
- Kalinin Mikhail
- Kamalov Firuz
- Kamdoum Ariel Ghislain Kemogne
- Kaparov Nurdin
- Karakoc Ali
- Karim Loukmane
- Kassahun Haile
- Kassani Peyman
- Kazakov Mstyslav
- Kazemi Fereshteh
- Kazibwe Zakayo
- Khoja Adam
- Khoury Seri
- Khánh Tran Quoc
- Kim Dae Hyun
- Kim Evan
- Kim Ryan
- Kim Wanyoung
- Kirchhof Michael
- Kirchner Jan Hendrik
- Kirtland Aaron
- Klose Immo
- Kolt Noam
- Koppel James
- Korbak Tomek
- Kratish Yosi
- Krause Michael
- Kreiman Tobias
- Kretov Egor
- Kuchkin Aleksey
- Kuchkin Vladyslav
- Kumar Harsh
- Kumar Pawan
- Kvistad Lynna
- Labrador Yan Carlos Leyva
- Lackner Martin
- Lai Jesyin
- Lai John
- Lamparth Max
- Lang Leon
- Lauer Pascal
- Lauff Robert
- Laurendeau Julien
- Le Vinh-Kha
- Lee Sangwon
- Lee Yongki
- Lengler Johannes
- Ler Dylan
- Leser Julian Noah
- Leventov Roman
- Levin John-Clark
- Lewark Lukas
- Li Bikun
- Li Daofeng
- Li Jeffery
- Li Lianghui
- Li Nathaniel
- Li Wen-Ding
- Li Xiuyu
- Li Yuqi
- Liakhovitskaia Anna
- Liang Kaiqu
- Lim Derek
- Lindsey Jack
- Liu Huanxu
- Lo Eve J. Y.
- Loader Jacob
- Loh Kang Yong
- Loiseau Gabriel
- Looi Shi-Zhuo
- Lorena Ricardo
- Loume Gautier Abou
- Lukas Marco
- Lux Thomas C. H.
- Lynch Jayson
- Ma Wenjie
- Ma Ziqiao
- Maar John
- Maayan Gabe
- Maghsoudimehrabani Mohammad
- Magoulas Ilias
- Maheshwari Rajat
- Mahmood Mobeen
- Maksapetyan Aleksandr
- Maksimov Andrey Pupasov
- Malina Stephen
- Malishev Dmitry
- Malod Guillaume
- Manik Timothy
- Manolescu Ciprian
- Mao Mao
- Mariji Hodjat
- Marion Pierre
- Martin Freddie
- Martinez Dakotah
- Martinson Sarah
- Matos Jason O.
- Mavroudis Vasilios
- Mazeika Mantas
- Mcalister Isaac C.
- Mccarty Ben
- Mcinnis I. M. J.
- Medley George
- Meer Khalida
- Mehkary Mustafa
- Mendoza Sandra
- Menezes Aline
- Mensah Stephen
- Merrill William
- Mikov Aleksandar
- Milbauer Jeremiah
- Milliron Hsiaoyun
- Mirabadi Ali Khajegili
- Mishra Subrata
- Mofayezi Mohammadreza
- Mohamed Mohanad
- Mohammadzadeh Forough
- Montecillo Roselynn Grace
- Montgomery Kyle
- Morak Wiktor
- Mostaghimi Hamid
- Motwani Sumeet
- Mourrat Jean-Christophe
- Moyano Alejandro José
- Muennighoff Niklas
- Munro Daniel
- Muzhen Jiang
- Myklebust Benjamin
- Möller Sören
- Mündler Niels
- Naiya Mohinder Maheshbhai
- Nam Jungbae
- Nandor Mark
- Narayan Himanshu
- Nevirkovets Volodymyr
- Nguyen Jeremy
- Nguyen Tung
- Ni Colin
- Nie Yuzhou
- Noever David
- O. Andrew Favre D.
- Obikoya Gbenga Daniel
- Oliveira Edson
- Oller Martí
- Orel Daniil
- Outevsky David
- Ovchynnikov Maksym
- P V Ragavendran
- Padlewski Piotr
- Pageler Ben
- Pan Jiayi
- Paradise Orr
- Park Haon
- Park Hyunwoo
- Patel Arkil
- Patel Oam
- Patil Deepakkumar
- Patramanis Demosthenes
- Patwardhan Tejal
- Pena Rodrigo de Oliveira
- Pereira Roberto
- Peristyy Anton
- Perrella David
- Perry Samuel
- Petersen Philipp
- Peñaflor Madellene
- Pham Diana T.
- Phan Long
- Phillips Shaun
- Piccardo Marco
- Pinto Antonella
- Piperski Alexander
- Platnick Jacob
- Plecnik Rebeka
- Pokutnyi Oleksandr
- Popescu Mara
- Popov Serguei
- Poritski Vladislav
- Portier Julien
- Pottmaier Daphiny
- Pouriamanesh Rasoul
- Poświata Rafał
- Prabhu Ameya
- Pradeep Ronak
- Press Ori
- Preu Thomas
- Pronin Alexey
- Pyda Daniel
- Qazi Usman
- Qi Hao
- Qin Juehang
- Radhakrishnan Anil
- Radionov Maksim
- Ragoler Alon
- Ramakrishnan Kalyan
- Ramirez-Trinidad Angel
- Rank Ben
- Rao Arun
- Raparthi Sreenivas Goud
- Rawal Kaivalya
- Recchia Gabriel
- Redenti Andrew
- Reidegeld Frank
- Remy Nicolas
- Ren Qiuyu
- Resman Nate
- Reuel Anka
- Riblet Robin
- Riis Søren
- Rissone Paolo
- Roberts Jonathan
- Robins Jules
- Robinson Joshua
- Robinson Joshua
- Rodman Emma
- Rodolà Emanuele
- Rodríguez Raúl Adrián Huerta
- Rogers T. Ryan
- Rossbach Vivien
- Rosu Paul
- Roth Marc
- Rozhoň Václav
- Safdari Mohammad
- Sahu Anmol
- Sakal Taom
- Sakor Ahmad
- Salauddin Sk Md
- Salazar Julian
- Sanchez Alvaro
- Sandlin Jennifer
- Santens Tim
- Santos Emily de Oliveira
- Santos Tania C. B.
- Sauers Scott
- Saxena Prajvi
- Sayous Rafael
- Scaria Kevin Joseph
- Schmitt Johannes
- Schneider Keith
- Schoelkopf Hailey
- Schut Lisa
- Schwaller Philippe
- Scipio Eshawn Jessica
- Segev Ben
- Semler Avi
- Sen Archan
- Senthilkuma Shaipranesh
- Shah Jainam
- Shah Shailesh
- Shah Tej
- Shahid Syed M.
- Shahrtash Hossein
- Shamseldeen Samir
- Sharma Asankhaya
- Shen Alexander
- Shen Jiawei
- Shenoy Adithya
- Sherman Glen
- Shi Jack Wei Lun
- Shi Sean
- Shukla Abhishek
- Shukla Priti
- Shulga Nikita
- Siddiqi Muhammad Rehan
- Sidhu Jasdeep
- Sileo Damien
- Silva Gabriel Poesia Reis E
- Singer Eric
- Singh Ankit
- Singh Mukhwinder
- Singhal Raghav
- Sivarajan Shankar
- Sommerhage Frank
- Somrak Maja
- Soori Saeed
- Soroko Ignat
- Souza Victor
- Sparrow Claire
- Sridhar Kaustubh
- Stade Jack
- Stambaugh Nate
- Stander Dashiell
- Stanley Richard
- Stap David
- Stehberger Martin
- Steinerberger Stefan
- Stendall Ryan
- Stepanic Stanley
- Stump Christian
- Sucholutsky Ilia
- Sun Gongbo
- Sun Kunyang
- Sun Yewen
- Szlyk Hannah
- Sztyber-Betley Anna
- Taamazyan Vage
- Taheri Omid
- Tam Joanna
- Tan Justin
- Tang Colin
- Tang Henry
- Tang Longke
- Tang Ning
- Tanwie Ngefor Mildred
- Tarver Tim
- Tawfeek Andrew R.
- Taylor Edwin
- Tee Allison
- Terpin Antonio
- Thaman Kunvar
- Thaman Kushal
- Thornley Elliott
- Tkadlec Josef
- Tomasiello Alessandro
- Tordera Daniel
- Tucker-Foltz Jamie
- Twayana Moon
- Uro Justine Leon
- Usawasutsakorn Siranut
- Utpala Saiteja
- Uzhou Mikalai
- Vajipey Vivek
- Vargus Freddie
- Vaz Warren S.
- Veith Johannes
- Vendrow Edward
- Vendrow Joshua
- Verbeken Brecht
- Vergo Eric
- Verkama Emil
- Verma Shreyas
- Vetoshkin Lavr
- Vilchis Tobias Garcia
- Vilchis Victor Efren Guadarrama
- Vincze Mátyás
- Vinnikov Vladimir
- Votava Jacob
- Wang Alexandr
- Wang Chenguang
- Wang Erik Y.
- Wang Harrison K
- Wang Jessica P.
- Wang Jiaqi
- Wang Michael
- Wang Ting
- Wang Yuzhou
- Wang Zihan
- Wang Zihao
- Wang Zixuan
- Weber Brian
- Weber Simon
- Wehr Dustin
- Weller Orion
- Wheeler Richard
- White Colin
- Whitfill Parker
- Willcocks Chris G.
- Williamson Dominic
- Wolff Hew
- Wu Wentao
- Wydallis John
- Wykowski Julian
- Xavier Joan of Arc
- Xian Ruicheng
- Xin Linwei
- Xu Hanmeng
- Xu Jiangnan
- Xu Justin
- Yacar Laila
- Yakimchyk Alesia
- Yalın Yiğit
- Yan Minghao
- Yang Jinzhou
- Yang Tong
- Yeadon Will
- Yong Zheng-Xin
- Yu Michael
- Yuan Michelle X
- Yue Summer
- Zampese Jennifer
- Zang Allen
- Ze-An Ng
- Zebaze Armel Randy
- Zekry Mohamed
- Zenitani Kengo
- Zhang Anji
- Zhang David K.
- Zhang Gang
- Zhang Hugh
- Zhang Lixin
- Zhang Oliver
- Zhang Robin
- Zhang Wenjin
- Zhang Xinyu
- Zhao Bingchen
- Zhao Haoran
- Zhao Sandy
- Zhelnov Pavel
- Zheltonozhskii Evgenii
- Zheng Eric
- Zhidkovskaya Alina Borisovna
- Zhou Kevin
- Zhou Xiaoxiang
- Zhou Yuchen Anna
- Zhu Kelin
- Zhuang Chao
- Zou Andy
- Zou Chelsea
- Zu Yuexuan
- Zvonkine Dimitri
- Zweiger Adam
- Łucki Jakub
- Publication venue
- 'Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe (CCSD)'
- Publication date
- 24/01/2025
- Field of study
International audienceBenchmarks are important tools for tracking the rapid advancements in large language model (LLM) capabilities. However, benchmarks are not keeping pace in difficulty: LLMs now achieve over 90% accuracy on popular benchmarks like MMLU, limiting informed measurement of state-of-the-art LLM capabilities. In response, we introduce Humanity's Last Exam (HLE), a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, designed to be the final closed-ended academic benchmark of its kind with broad subject coverage. HLE consists of 3,000 questions across dozens of subjects, including mathematics, humanities, and the natural sciences. HLE is developed globally by subject-matter experts and consists of multiple-choice and short-answer questions suitable for automated grading. Each question has a known solution that is unambiguous and easily verifiable, but cannot be quickly answered via internet retrieval. State-of-the-art LLMs demonstrate low accuracy and calibration on HLE, highlighting a significant gap between current LLM capabilities and the expert human frontier on closed-ended academic questions. To inform research and policymaking upon a clear understanding of model capabilities, we publicly release HLE at https://lastexam.ai
Humanity's Last Exam
- Author
- Abdoli Sherwin
- Abramovitch Marcus
- Achilleos Andrea
- Adesanya Fatimah
- Adoul Zahra
- Agarwal Arunim
- Agarwal Kanu Priya
- Aggarwal Daattavya
- Agnihotri Shashank
- Agrawal Anish
- Agu Chidozie
- Akov Ido
- Alapont Xavier
- Alarab Ismail
- Albani Guglielmo
- Albanie Samuel
- Aldous David
- Algaba Andres
- Ali Sam
- Alley William
- Amaro Brian
- Ambay John Arnold
- Amit Alon
- Anantheswaran Ujjwala
- Anderson Daron
- Anderson Earth
- Andre Nathan
- Andréoletti Jérémy
- Ansarinejad Behzad
- Antonenko Daniil S.
- Apronti Archimedes
- Arkhipov Pavel
- Arnaboldi Luca
- Arsene Pierrot
- Arthornthurasuk Siriphan
- Askew Luke
- Avagian David
- Aziz Muhammad Fayez
- Bacho Aras
- Bacho Kaniuar
- Bacho Renas
- Bahaloo Mohsen
- Balabanian George
- Bari M Saiful
- Barkan Shaul
- Bartolo Max
- Barzowski Stanislaw
- Basler Luke
- Battaglia Mike
- Ben-David Shalev
- Berger Zachary
- Berkani Mohammed
- Bian Song
- Bigi Filippo
- Bodur Omer Faruk
- Bogdanov Sergei
- Borbás Benjámin
- Bosio Carlo
- Bosio Ida
- Bran Andres M
- Brenner Michael P.
- Brito-Santana Leonor
- Brown Ethan D. L.
- Brown Zachary
- Brüssel Lina
- Bugas Daniel
- Burdzy Krzysztof
- Burns Noah
- Bálint Biró
- Cai Jiaqi
- Cai Will
- Campbell Russell
- Cao Hangrui
- Carauleanu Marc
- Carmi Avishy
- Carroll Micah
- Cartwright Ashley
- Cavalleri Stefano
- Cavanagh Joseph M
- Ceconello Chiara
- Chen Evan
- Chen Michael
- Chen Qijia
- Chen Yanxu
- Chen Ziye
- Cheng Vincent
- Cheng Zerui
- Chern Steffi
- Chhablani Gunjan
- Chidambaram Muthu
- Choi Michael
- Chopra Arnav
- Chu Eric
- Clark Ronald
- Clarke Don
- Clavier Pierre
- Cohen Michael K.
- Cohen Niv
- Cojoc Doru
- Cole Joshua
- Coleman Shannon
- Coppola Brian P
- Cosma Adrian
- Costa Mariana
- Crisostomi Donato
- Crispino Nick
- Crowson Sarah-Jane
- Crozier Jonathan
- Cunningham David M.
- Daans Nicolas
- Dai Liangti
- Dai Linjie
- Dasouqi Ali
- de la Rosa Florencia
- de Luca G. Bruno
- de Witt Christian Schroeder
- Dehghan Ali
- Delaney Ethan
- Demian Christoph
- Demir Gözdenur
- Dendane Abdelkader
- Dhamane Omkar
- Dias Felipe Meneguitti
- Dick Anna-Katharina
- Dieuleveut Aymeric
- Douville Guillaume
- Drori Jacob
- Du Zhehang
- Duc Emilien
- Ducey Josh
- Duclosel Darling
- Duersch Joshua
- Durand Stephane
- Efremov Denis
- Eicher Jonathan
- Ekström Fredrik
- El-Wasif Zienab
- Elgnainy Hossam
- Elser Veit
- Enyekwe Innocent
- Eron Murat
- Fan Honglu
- Fan Jing
- Fan Jingxuan
- Fan Yiyang
- Farhidi Faraz
- Farina Nicholas
- Feng Fiona
- Feng Steven Y.
- Ferreira Danyelle
- Ferret Johan
- Finke Lennart
- Fish Sara
- Fossum Carl J
- Foster Michael
- Fournier-Facio Francesco
- Fraga Natanael Wildner
- Franca Antonio
- Friday Cary
- Friedrich Alena
- Fruhauff Tony
- Galal Abdallah
- Galgon Geoff
- Gangal Varun
- Garretson Alexis C
- Gatti Alice
- Gehrunger Tim
- Gerbicz Robert
- Giboney Zachary
- Gimenez Javier
- Ginis Vincent
- Giordano Paolo
- Giska Fabian
- Givré Alan
- Goertzen Tom
- Goldfarb Alan
- Golshani Bita
- Gonzalez Daniel Espinosa
- Gonzalez Juan
- Gonzalez Juan Carlos
- Goryachev Vladimir
- Goshu Gashaw M.
- Goswami Laxman Prasad
- Grabb Declan
- Green Sean R.
- Gritsevskiy Andrew
- Gross Jason
- Grover Rynaa
- Guillod Julien
- Gul Shreen
- Gundlach Hans
- Gupta Himanshu
- Gurdogan Hubeyb
- Gusev Ilya
- Habibi Farzad
- Haffenden Hector
- Halasyamani Shiv
- Hallman Eric
- Hammon Angela
- Han Ziwen
- Harjadi Chris
- Harris Carter
- Hartman Taylor D.
- Hausenloy Jason
- Hausknecht Kaylie
- Hava Dan Bar
- Heidinger Haline
- Held William
- Hendrycks Dan
- Hernández-Cámara Pablo
- Heydari Nasser
- Ho Andrew
- Ho Linh
- Hoang Hieu
- Hoback Sarah
- Hoerr Ryan G.
- Hogg Tad
- Hollom Lawrence
- Holmes David
- Hoover Alex
- Hossain Zaki
- Hu Josephina
- Hu Yuzheng
- Hulbert Dave
- Huy Tran Đuc
- Häggström Olle
- Imperial Joseph Marvin
- Inlow Mark H
- Islam Murat
- Ivanov Alexander
- Ivanov Sergey
- Ivanov Stefan
- Iyer Krishnamurthy
- Jackson Joseph W.
- Jagota Milind
- Jallon Antoine
- Jansen Thorben
- Jeanplong Ferenc
- Jiang Tong
- Jiang Xi
- Jiang Yibo
- Jin Alvin
- Jin Jaehyeok
- Johnson Bryan
- Jones Adam
- Joshi Prashant
- Junior Benedito Alves de Oliveira
- Kaddar Younesse
- Kalinin Mikhail
- Kamalov Firuz
- Kamdoum Ariel Ghislain Kemogne
- Kaparov Nurdin
- Karakoc Ali
- Karim Loukmane
- Kassahun Haile
- Kassani Peyman
- Kazakov Mstyslav
- Kazemi Fereshteh
- Kazibwe Zakayo
- Khoja Adam
- Khoury Seri
- Khánh Tran Quoc
- Kim Dae Hyun
- Kim Evan
- Kim Ryan
- Kim Wanyoung
- Kirchhof Michael
- Kirchner Jan Hendrik
- Kirtland Aaron
- Klose Immo
- Kolt Noam
- Koppel James
- Korbak Tomek
- Kratish Yosi
- Krause Michael
- Kreiman Tobias
- Kretov Egor
- Kuchkin Aleksey
- Kuchkin Vladyslav
- Kumar Harsh
- Kumar Pawan
- Kvistad Lynna
- Labrador Yan Carlos Leyva
- Lackner Martin
- Lai Jesyin
- Lai John
- Lamparth Max
- Lang Leon
- Lauer Pascal
- Lauff Robert
- Laurendeau Julien
- Le Vinh-Kha
- Lee Sangwon
- Lee Yongki
- Lengler Johannes
- Ler Dylan
- Leser Julian Noah
- Leventov Roman
- Levin John-Clark
- Lewark Lukas
- Li Bikun
- Li Daofeng
- Li Jeffery
- Li Lianghui
- Li Nathaniel
- Li Wen-Ding
- Li Xiuyu
- Li Yuqi
- Liakhovitskaia Anna
- Liang Kaiqu
- Lim Derek
- Lindsey Jack
- Liu Huanxu
- Lo Eve J. Y.
- Loader Jacob
- Loh Kang Yong
- Loiseau Gabriel
- Looi Shi-Zhuo
- Lorena Ricardo
- Loume Gautier Abou
- Lukas Marco
- Lux Thomas C. H.
- Lynch Jayson
- Ma Wenjie
- Ma Ziqiao
- Maar John
- Maayan Gabe
- Maghsoudimehrabani Mohammad
- Magoulas Ilias
- Maheshwari Rajat
- Mahmood Mobeen
- Maksapetyan Aleksandr
- Maksimov Andrey Pupasov
- Malina Stephen
- Malishev Dmitry
- Malod Guillaume
- Manik Timothy
- Manolescu Ciprian
- Mao Mao
- Mariji Hodjat
- Marion Pierre
- Martin Freddie
- Martinez Dakotah
- Martinson Sarah
- Matos Jason O.
- Mavroudis Vasilios
- Mazeika Mantas
- Mcalister Isaac C.
- Mccarty Ben
- Mcinnis I. M. J.
- Medley George
- Meer Khalida
- Mehkary Mustafa
- Mendoza Sandra
- Menezes Aline
- Mensah Stephen
- Merrill William
- Mikov Aleksandar
- Milbauer Jeremiah
- Milliron Hsiaoyun
- Mirabadi Ali Khajegili
- Mishra Subrata
- Mofayezi Mohammadreza
- Mohamed Mohanad
- Mohammadzadeh Forough
- Montecillo Roselynn Grace
- Montgomery Kyle
- Morak Wiktor
- Mostaghimi Hamid
- Motwani Sumeet
- Mourrat Jean-Christophe
- Moyano Alejandro José
- Muennighoff Niklas
- Munro Daniel
- Muzhen Jiang
- Myklebust Benjamin
- Möller Sören
- Mündler Niels
- Naiya Mohinder Maheshbhai
- Nam Jungbae
- Nandor Mark
- Narayan Himanshu
- Nevirkovets Volodymyr
- Nguyen Jeremy
- Nguyen Tung
- Ni Colin
- Nie Yuzhou
- Noever David
- O. Andrew Favre D.
- Obikoya Gbenga Daniel
- Oliveira Edson
- Oller Martí
- Orel Daniil
- Outevsky David
- Ovchynnikov Maksym
- P V Ragavendran
- Padlewski Piotr
- Pageler Ben
- Pan Jiayi
- Paradise Orr
- Park Haon
- Park Hyunwoo
- Patel Arkil
- Patel Oam
- Patil Deepakkumar
- Patramanis Demosthenes
- Patwardhan Tejal
- Pena Rodrigo de Oliveira
- Pereira Roberto
- Peristyy Anton
- Perrella David
- Perry Samuel
- Petersen Philipp
- Peñaflor Madellene
- Pham Diana T.
- Phan Long
- Phillips Shaun
- Piccardo Marco
- Pinto Antonella
- Piperski Alexander
- Platnick Jacob
- Plecnik Rebeka
- Pokutnyi Oleksandr
- Popescu Mara
- Popov Serguei
- Poritski Vladislav
- Portier Julien
- Pottmaier Daphiny
- Pouriamanesh Rasoul
- Poświata Rafał
- Prabhu Ameya
- Pradeep Ronak
- Press Ori
- Preu Thomas
- Pronin Alexey
- Pyda Daniel
- Qazi Usman
- Qi Hao
- Qin Juehang
- Radhakrishnan Anil
- Radionov Maksim
- Ragoler Alon
- Ramakrishnan Kalyan
- Ramirez-Trinidad Angel
- Rank Ben
- Rao Arun
- Raparthi Sreenivas Goud
- Rawal Kaivalya
- Recchia Gabriel
- Redenti Andrew
- Reidegeld Frank
- Remy Nicolas
- Ren Qiuyu
- Resman Nate
- Reuel Anka
- Riblet Robin
- Riis Søren
- Rissone Paolo
- Roberts Jonathan
- Robins Jules
- Robinson Joshua
- Robinson Joshua
- Rodman Emma
- Rodolà Emanuele
- Rodríguez Raúl Adrián Huerta
- Rogers T. Ryan
- Rossbach Vivien
- Rosu Paul
- Roth Marc
- Rozhoň Václav
- Safdari Mohammad
- Sahu Anmol
- Sakal Taom
- Sakor Ahmad
- Salauddin Sk Md
- Salazar Julian
- Sanchez Alvaro
- Sandlin Jennifer
- Santens Tim
- Santos Emily de Oliveira
- Santos Tania C. B.
- Sauers Scott
- Saxena Prajvi
- Sayous Rafael
- Scaria Kevin Joseph
- Schmitt Johannes
- Schneider Keith
- Schoelkopf Hailey
- Schut Lisa
- Schwaller Philippe
- Scipio Eshawn Jessica
- Segev Ben
- Semler Avi
- Sen Archan
- Senthilkuma Shaipranesh
- Shah Jainam
- Shah Shailesh
- Shah Tej
- Shahid Syed M.
- Shahrtash Hossein
- Shamseldeen Samir
- Sharma Asankhaya
- Shen Alexander
- Shen Jiawei
- Shenoy Adithya
- Sherman Glen
- Shi Jack Wei Lun
- Shi Sean
- Shukla Abhishek
- Shukla Priti
- Shulga Nikita
- Siddiqi Muhammad Rehan
- Sidhu Jasdeep
- Sileo Damien
- Silva Gabriel Poesia Reis E
- Singer Eric
- Singh Ankit
- Singh Mukhwinder
- Singhal Raghav
- Sivarajan Shankar
- Sommerhage Frank
- Somrak Maja
- Soori Saeed
- Soroko Ignat
- Souza Victor
- Sparrow Claire
- Sridhar Kaustubh
- Stade Jack
- Stambaugh Nate
- Stander Dashiell
- Stanley Richard
- Stap David
- Stehberger Martin
- Steinerberger Stefan
- Stendall Ryan
- Stepanic Stanley
- Stump Christian
- Sucholutsky Ilia
- Sun Gongbo
- Sun Kunyang
- Sun Yewen
- Szlyk Hannah
- Sztyber-Betley Anna
- Taamazyan Vage
- Taheri Omid
- Tam Joanna
- Tan Justin
- Tang Colin
- Tang Henry
- Tang Longke
- Tang Ning
- Tanwie Ngefor Mildred
- Tarver Tim
- Tawfeek Andrew R.
- Taylor Edwin
- Tee Allison
- Terpin Antonio
- Thaman Kunvar
- Thaman Kushal
- Thornley Elliott
- Tkadlec Josef
- Tomasiello Alessandro
- Tordera Daniel
- Tucker-Foltz Jamie
- Twayana Moon
- Uro Justine Leon
- Usawasutsakorn Siranut
- Utpala Saiteja
- Uzhou Mikalai
- Vajipey Vivek
- Vargus Freddie
- Vaz Warren S.
- Veith Johannes
- Vendrow Edward
- Vendrow Joshua
- Verbeken Brecht
- Vergo Eric
- Verkama Emil
- Verma Shreyas
- Vetoshkin Lavr
- Vilchis Tobias Garcia
- Vilchis Victor Efren Guadarrama
- Vincze Mátyás
- Vinnikov Vladimir
- Votava Jacob
- Wang Alexandr
- Wang Chenguang
- Wang Erik Y.
- Wang Harrison K
- Wang Jessica P.
- Wang Jiaqi
- Wang Michael
- Wang Ting
- Wang Yuzhou
- Wang Zihan
- Wang Zihao
- Wang Zixuan
- Weber Brian
- Weber Simon
- Wehr Dustin
- Weller Orion
- Wheeler Richard
- White Colin
- Whitfill Parker
- Willcocks Chris G.
- Williamson Dominic
- Wolff Hew
- Wu Wentao
- Wydallis John
- Wykowski Julian
- Xavier Joan of Arc
- Xian Ruicheng
- Xin Linwei
- Xu Hanmeng
- Xu Jiangnan
- Xu Justin
- Yacar Laila
- Yakimchyk Alesia
- Yalın Yiğit
- Yan Minghao
- Yang Jinzhou
- Yang Tong
- Yeadon Will
- Yong Zheng-Xin
- Yu Michael
- Yuan Michelle X
- Yue Summer
- Zampese Jennifer
- Zang Allen
- Ze-An Ng
- Zebaze Armel Randy
- Zekry Mohamed
- Zenitani Kengo
- Zhang Anji
- Zhang David K.
- Zhang Gang
- Zhang Hugh
- Zhang Lixin
- Zhang Oliver
- Zhang Robin
- Zhang Wenjin
- Zhang Xinyu
- Zhao Bingchen
- Zhao Haoran
- Zhao Sandy
- Zhelnov Pavel
- Zheltonozhskii Evgenii
- Zheng Eric
- Zhidkovskaya Alina Borisovna
- Zhou Kevin
- Zhou Xiaoxiang
- Zhou Yuchen Anna
- Zhu Kelin
- Zhuang Chao
- Zou Andy
- Zou Chelsea
- Zu Yuexuan
- Zvonkine Dimitri
- Zweiger Adam
- Łucki Jakub
- Publication venue
- 'Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe (CCSD)'
- Publication date
- 24/01/2025
- Field of study
International audienceBenchmarks are important tools for tracking the rapid advancements in large language model (LLM) capabilities. However, benchmarks are not keeping pace in difficulty: LLMs now achieve over 90% accuracy on popular benchmarks like MMLU, limiting informed measurement of state-of-the-art LLM capabilities. In response, we introduce Humanity's Last Exam (HLE), a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, designed to be the final closed-ended academic benchmark of its kind with broad subject coverage. HLE consists of 3,000 questions across dozens of subjects, including mathematics, humanities, and the natural sciences. HLE is developed globally by subject-matter experts and consists of multiple-choice and short-answer questions suitable for automated grading. Each question has a known solution that is unambiguous and easily verifiable, but cannot be quickly answered via internet retrieval. State-of-the-art LLMs demonstrate low accuracy and calibration on HLE, highlighting a significant gap between current LLM capabilities and the expert human frontier on closed-ended academic questions. To inform research and policymaking upon a clear understanding of model capabilities, we publicly release HLE at https://lastexam.ai
Humanity's Last Exam
- Author
- Aakaash Nattanmai
- Aaron Kirtland
- Aarush Sinha
- Abdallah Galal
- Abdelkader Dendane
- Abdurrahim Yilmaz
- Abhijeet Saha
- Abhishek Shukla
- Abram Jackson
- Adam Bouyamourn
- Adam Jones
- Adam Khoja
- Adam Wecker
- Adam Zweiger
- Adithya Shenoy
- Aditya Malusare
- Adrian Cosma
- Advaith Avadhanam
- Ahmad Sakor
- Ahmed Elkhanany
- Ahmed Menshawy
- Aidan Wu
- Alan Givré
- Alan Goldfarb
- Alan Zhou
- Alan Zhou
- Alejandro José Moyano
- Aleksandar Mikov
- Aleksandr Maksapetyan
- Aleksey Kuchkin
- Alena Friedrich
- Alesia Yakimchyk
- Alessandro Stolfo
- Alessandro Tomasiello
- Alex Hoover
- Alex Meiburg
- Alex Slen
- Alex Zhang
- Alexander Ivanov
- Alexander Piperski
- Alexander Pondaven
- Alexander Shen
- Alexandr Wang
- Alexandra Rodriguez-Romero
- Alexandre Oliveira Arrais
- Alexei Kopylov
- Alexey Pronin
- Alexis C Garretson
- Alham Fikri Aji
- Ali Anil Demircali
- Ali Dasouqi
- Ali Dehghan
- Ali ElSheikh
- Ali Karakoc
- Ali Khajegili Mirabadi
- Ali M. R. Minissi
- Alice Bizeul
- Alice Gatti
- Alina Borisovna Zhidkovskaya
- Aline Menezes
- Allen Baranov
- Allen Zang
- Allison Tee
- Alon Amit
- Alon Ragoler
- Alun Cennyth Stokes
- Alvaro Sanchez
- Alvin Jin
- Ameya Prabhu
- Amin Shabani
- Andrea Achilleos
- Andrea Caciolai
- Andres Algaba
- Andres M Bran
- Andrew Favre D. O.
- Andrew Gritsevskiy
- Andrew Ho
- Andrew Le
- Andrew R. Tawfeek
- Andrew Redenti
- Andrey Pupasov Maksimov
- Andy Zou
- Angel Ramirez-Trinidad
- Angela Hammon
- Anh N. Nhu
- Anil Radhakrishnan
- Anish Agrawal
- Anish Cheraku
- Anji Zhang
- Anjiang Wei
- Anka Reuel
- Ankit Agrawal
- Ankit Singh
- Anmol Sahu
- Anna Liakhovitskaia
- Anna Plassart
- Anna Sztyber-Betley
- Anna-Katharina Dick
- Anthony Gitter
- Antoine Jallon
- Antoine Moulin
- Anton Peristyy
- Antonella Pinto
- Antonio A. W. L. Wong
- Antonio Franca
- Antonio Terpin
- Antrell Cheatom
- Anupam Nayak
- Anwith Telluri
- Aras Bacho
- Archan Sen
- Archimedes Apronti
- Ariel Ghislain Kemogne Kamdoum
- Arif Engin Demircali
- Arina Kharlamova
- Arkil Patel
- Armel Randy Zebaze
- Arnav Chopra
- Arshad Anil Fasiludeen
- Arun Rao
- Arunim Agarwal
- Aryan Singh
- Asankhaya Sharma
- Ashley Aaron
- Ashley Cartwright
- Ashley Zhang
- Ashley Zhang
- Asim Suhail
- Assaf Brown
- Atak Talay Yücel
- Atharv Singh Patlan
- Avi Semler
- Avishy Carmi
- Aymeric Dieuleveut
- Barbara Dworakowska
- Behzad Ansarinejad
- Ben McCarty
- Ben Pageler
- Ben Racz
- Ben Rank
- Ben Segev
- Ben Zhao
- Benedito Alves de Oliveira Junior
- Benjamin Myklebust
- Benjámin Borbás
- Bikun Li
- Bingchen Zhao
- Bingsen Chen
- Biró Bálint
- Bita Golshani
- Blake Sims
- Bonan Pu
- Boyi Wei
- Brad Ma
- Brad Raynor
- Brandon Christof
- Brecht Verbeken
- Brian Amaro
- Brian P Coppola
- Brian Rabern
- Brian Weber
- Bruno Hebling Vieira
- Bryan Johnson
- Carl J Fossum
- Carlo Bosio
- Caroline Geirhos
- Carter Harris
- Cary Friday
- Cedegao E. Zhang
- Cesare Giulio Ardito
- Changhao Li
- Chao Zhuang
- Chelsea Zou
- Chen Bo Calvin Zhang
- Chenguang Wang
- Chenkai Sun
- Chiara Ceconello
- Chidozie Agu
- Chris G. Willcocks
- Chris Harjadi
- Christian Schroeder de Witt
- Christian Stump
- Christoph Demian
- Christopher R. Scotese
- Christopher Toukmaji
- Christopher W. Bartlett
- Chuanyang Jin
- Ciprian Manolescu
- Claas Beger
- Claire Sparrow
- Clark Peng
- Claudio Di Fratta
- Colin Ni
- Colin Tang
- Colin White
- Core Francisco Park
- Costin Cozianu
- D. P. Shinde
- Daattavya Aggarwal
- Dae Hyun Kim
- Dakotah Martinez
- Damien Sileo
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- Daron Anderson
- Daryl Echeazu
- Dashiell Stander
- Dave Hulbert
- David
- David Aldous
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- David Holmes
- David K. Zhang
- David M. Cunningham
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- David Sun
- David Zhang
- Davide Manini
- Dawn Song
- Dániel Kondor
- Declan Grabb
- Deepakkumar Patil
- Deepayan Banik
- Demosthenes Patramanis
- Denis Efremov
- Denis Peskoff
- Derek Lim
- Diana T. Pham
- Dianzhuo Wang
- Dimitri Zvonkine
- Dingsu Wang
- Diogo M. Caetano
- Dmitry Dodonov
- Dmitry Kazakov
- Dmitry Malishev
- Dominic Williamson
- Don Clarke
- Donato Crisostomi
- Doru Cojoc
- Duarte V. Gonçalves
- Dustin Wehr
- Dylan Ler
- Earth Anderson
- Ed Chalstrey
- Edoardo M. Ponti
- Edson Oliveira
- Edward Vendrow
- Edwin Taylor
- Eeshaan Jain
- Egor Kretov
- Eli Meril
- Elizabeth Kelley
- Elliott Thornley
- Emanuele Rodolà
- Emil Verkama
- Emilien Duc
- Emily de Oliveira Santos
- Emma Rodman
- Eric Chu
- Eric Hallman
- Eric Singer
- Eric Vergo
- Eric Zheng
- Erica Weng
- Erik Maung
- Erik Y. Wang
- Eshawn Jessica Scipio
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- Ethan Delaney
- Ethan Luo
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- Eunmi Yu
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- Eve J. Y. Lo
- Evgenii Zheltonozhskii
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- Gabriele Sarti
- Gaël Gendron
- Gang Zhang
- Gaoxiang Luo
- Gashaw M. Goshu
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- Gavin Wang
- Gbenga Daniel Obikoya
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- Geoff Galgon
- George Balabanian
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- Gerben Sewuster
- Gerol Petruzella
- Glen Sherman
- Glib Briia
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- Handoko
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- Haoran Zhao
- Haoxuan Chen
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- Harsh Kumar
- Hassan Shapourian
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- Jiang Muzhen
- Jiangnan Xu
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- Jiaqi Deng
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- Jiawei Shen
- Jiaxin Ge
- Jiaxuan Wu
- Jiayi Pan
- Jichao Fang
- Jing Fan
- Jingxuan Fan
- Jinzhou Yang
- Joan of Arc Xavier
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- Joshua Duersch
- Joshua Jaeger
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- Kazuki Matsumoto
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- Ting Sun
- Ting Wang
- Tobias Garcia Vilchis
- Tobias Kreiman
- Tom Goertzen
- Tomek Korbak
- Tong Jiang
- Tong Yang
- Tony CY Pang
- Tony Fruhauff
- Tran Quoc Khánh
- Tran Đuc Huy
- Truong An Nguyen
- Tung Nguyen
- Tyler Osbey
- Tyler Xiao
- Ujjwala Anantheswaran
- Usman Qazi
- Vage Taamazyan
- Vaidehi Patil
- Varun Gangal
- Vasilios Mavroudis
- Vassilis Kostakos
- Václav Rozhoň
- Veerupaksh Singla
- Veit Elser
- Victor Efren Guadarrama Vilchis
- Victor Souza
- Vidhi Kulkarni
- Vijaykaarti Sundarapandiyan
- Vilém Zouhar
- Ville Heilala
- Vincent Cheng
- Vincent Cheng
- Vincent Ginis
- Vinh-Kha Le
- Violet Ai
- Virendra Singh
- Vishruth Bharath
- Vit Stritecky
- Vivek Sanker
- Vivek Vajipey
- Vivien Rossbach
- Vladimir Goryachev
- Vladimir Vinnikov
- Vladislav Poritski
- Vladyslav Kuchkin
- Volodymyr Nevirkovets
- Wanyoung Kim
- Warren S. Vaz
- Wei Hao
- Wei Hu
- Weizhi Zhang
- Wen-Ding Li
- Wenchao Dong
- Wenjie Ma
- Wenjin Zhang
- Wentao Wu
- Wiktor Morak
- Will Cai
- Will Yeadon
- William Alley
- William Held
- William Merrill
- Woongyeong Yeo
- Xavier Alapont
- Xi Jiang
- Xi Lin
- Xianjun Yang
- Xiaohan Wang
- Xiaoxiang Zhou
- Xilin Jiang
- Xing Han Lù
- Xingyu Qu
- Xinlu Zhang
- Xinyao Han
- Xinyu Zhang
- Xiuyu Li
- Xuandong Zhao
- Xue Wang
- Yan Carlos Leyva Labrador
- Yana Malysheva
- Yanxu Chen
- Yaowen Chang
- Yashaswini Jain
- Yasin Sonmez
- Yewen Sun
- Yibo Jiang
- Yifan Xiong
- Yifan Yin
- Yiğit Yalın
- Yihao Liang
- Yingheng Wang
- Yinuo Ren
- Yinwei Dai
- Yiyang Fan
- Yizhuo Liang
- Yongki Lee
- Yosi Kratish
- Yotam Perlitz
- Younesse Kaddar
- Yuanli Wang
- Yuchen Anna Zhou
- Yuexuan Zu
- Yueying Liu
- Yuhui Zhang
- Yunze Xiao
- Yuqi Li
- Yury Makarychev
- Yushun Chen
- Yuval Kansal
- Yuyin Zhou
- Yuzheng Hu
- Yuzhou Nie
- Yuzhou Wang
- Zachary Berger
- Zachary Brown
- Zachary Giboney
- Zafir Nasim
- Zahra Adoul
- Zakayo Kazibwe
- Zaki Hossain
- Zechen Zhang
- Zerui Cheng
- Zewen Shen
- Zhanda Zhu
- Zhe Wang
- Zhe Ye
- Zhehang Du
- Zheng-Xin Yong
- Zhibai Jia
- Zhiyi Sun
- Zhun Wang
- Zhuo Cheng
- Zienab EL-Wasif
- Zihan Wang
- Zihao Wang
- Zijian Song
- Ziqi Liu
- Ziqi Xu
- Ziqiao Ma
- Zishun Yu
- Ziwen Han
- Zixuan Wang
- Ziye Chen
- Ziyi Zhang
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2025
- Field of study
Benchmarks are important tools for tracking the rapid advancements in large
language model (LLM) capabilities. However, benchmarks are not keeping pace in
difficulty: LLMs now achieve over 90\% accuracy on popular benchmarks like
MMLU, limiting informed measurement of state-of-the-art LLM capabilities. In
response, we introduce Humanity's Last Exam (HLE), a multi-modal benchmark at
the frontier of human knowledge, designed to be the final closed-ended academic
benchmark of its kind with broad subject coverage. HLE consists of 2,700
questions across dozens of subjects, including mathematics, humanities, and the
natural sciences. HLE is developed globally by subject-matter experts and
consists of multiple-choice and short-answer questions suitable for automated
grading. Each question has a known solution that is unambiguous and easily
verifiable, but cannot be quickly answered via internet retrieval.
State-of-the-art LLMs demonstrate low accuracy and calibration on HLE,
highlighting a significant gap between current LLM capabilities and the expert
human frontier on closed-ended academic questions. To inform research and
policymaking upon a clear understanding of model capabilities, we publicly
release HLE at https://lastexam.ai
