33 research outputs found

    Suspeita de toxoplasmose aguda em gestantes

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    OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of reagent serology for suspected acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and to describe clinical, laboratory and therapeutic profiles of mothers and their children. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted with IgM-anti-Toxoplasma gondii-reagent pregnant women and their children who attended the public health system in the state of ParanĂĄ, Southern Brazil, from January 2001 to December 2003. Information were obtained from clinical, laboratory (ELISA IgM/IgG) and ultrasonographic data and from interviews with the mothers. To test the homogeneity of the IgM indices in relation to the treatment used, the Pearson's Chi-square test was applied. Comparisons were considered significant at a 5% level. RESULTS: Two hundred and ninety (1.0%) cases of suspected IgM-reagent infection were documented, with a prevalence of 10.7 IgM-reagent women per 1,000 births. Prenatal care started within the first 12 weeks for 214/290; 146/204 were asymptomatic. Frequent complaints included headaches, visual disturbance and myalgia. Ultrasonography revealed abnormalities in 13 of 204 pregnancies. Chemoprophylaxis was administered to 112/227; a single ELISA test supported most decisions to begin treatment. Pregnant women with IgM indices =2.000 tended to be treated more often. Among exposed children, 44/208 were serologically followed up and all were IgG-reagent, and three IgM-reagent cases showed clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The existence of pregnant women with laboratorially suspected acute toxoplasmosis who were not properly followed up, and of fetuses that were not adequately monitored, shows that basic aspects of the prenatal care are not being systematically observed. There is need of implementing a surveillance system of pregnant women and their children exposed to T. gondii.OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalĂȘncia de gestantes com sorologia reagente suspeita de toxoplasmose aguda e descrever as variĂĄveis maternas e do concepto relacionadas ao perfil clĂ­nico, laboratorial e terapĂȘutico. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com gestantes IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii reagentes e conceptos atendidos em serviço pĂșblico de saĂșde do ParanĂĄ, de janeiro/2001-dezembro/2003. Foram obtidas informaçÔes a partir de dados dos registros clĂ­nicos, laboratoriais (ELISA IgM/IgG), ultrassonogrĂĄficos e de entrevista materna. Para testar a homogeneidade dos indices de IgM em relação ao tratamento usado, aplicou-se o qui-quadrado de Pearson. O nĂ­vel de significĂąncia adotado foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram 290 casos (1,0%) IgM reagentes, evidenciando prevalĂȘncia de 10,7 gestantes com sorologia reagente a cada 1.000 nascimentos. Duzentos e quatorze de 290 gestantes iniciaram o prĂ©-natal atĂ© a 12ÂȘ semana de gestação; 146/204 foram assintomĂĄticas; cefalĂ©ia, distĂșrbios visuais e mialgia foram queixas freqĂŒentes; 13/204 gestantes apresentaram anormalidades ao ultrassom; 112/227 gestantes receberam quimioprofilaxia; um Ășnico teste ELISA apoiou a maioria das tomadas de decisĂŁo para a quimioprofilaxia. Houve tendĂȘncia em tratar gestantes com Ă­ndices de IgM=2.000. Dentre as crianças expostas, 44/208 tiveram algum acompanhamento sorolĂłgico, das quais todas foram IgG reagentes e trĂȘs casos IgM reagentes apresentaram manifestaçÔes clĂ­nicas. CONCLUSÕES: A existĂȘncia de gestantes com suspeita laboratorial de toxoplasmose aguda nĂŁo devidamente investigada e de conceptos sem monitoração adequada evidenciam que aspectos fundamentais da assistĂȘncia prĂ©-natal nĂŁo estĂŁo sendo sistematicamente observados. Aponta-se a necessidade de implementar o sistema de vigilĂąncia para gestantes e crianças expostas ao T. gondii

    Enteroparasitoses e sua relação etnogråfica com manipuladores de alimentos em rota turística e econÎmica do estado do Paranå, Sul do Brasil

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    This study reports on the occurrence of enteroparasites based on data from an ethnographic study of food handlers in the city of Cascavel, ParanĂĄ, Brazil. Fecal material from 343 food handlers of both sexes, between 14 and 75 years of age, was analyzed using Lutz, modified Ritchie and Ziehl-Neelsen techniques. Ethnographic relationships were investigated by means of specific questionnaires. Positive fecal samples were found for 131 (38.2%) handlers. Endolimax nana (67.9%) was the predominant species, followed by Entamoeba coli (35.9%), Blastocystis hominis (28.2%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (10.1%) and Giardia duodenalis (8.4%). Protozoan infections were more common than helminth infections (p = 0.00). The positive results for some parasites were associated with the male sex, professional category, and the performance of other activities (p < 0.05). The high overall occurrence of enteroparasites found indicates improper hygiene and sanitation conditions. Effective educational measures should be implemented to prevent the transfer of pathogenic organisms to food via handling.Este estudo mostra a ocorrĂȘncia de enteroparasitos e realiza um estudo etnogrĂĄfico de manipuladores de alimentos do municĂ­pio de Cascavel/ParanĂĄ, Brasil. O material fecal de 343 manipuladores de alimentos de ambos os gĂȘneros e idade entre 14 e 75 anos foi analisado pelos mĂ©todos de Lutz, Ritchie modificado e Ziehl-Neelsen modificado. A relação etnogrĂĄfica foi investigada utilizando questionĂĄrios especĂ­ficos. O material fecal foi positivo para 131 (38,2%) manipuladores. Endolimax nana (67,9%) foi a espĂ©cie predominante seguida por Entamoeba coli (35,9%), Blastocystis hominis (28,2%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (10,1%) e Giardia duodenalis (8,4%). A infecção por protozoĂĄrios foi maior do que por helmintos (p = 0,00). Foi verificada associação entre a positividade para algum parasito e o gĂȘnero masculino, a categoria ocupacional e a realização de outras atividades (p < 0,05). Estes resultados permitem concluir que a ocorrĂȘncia de enteroparasitos em manipuladores de alimentos Ă© alta, indicando condiçÔes higiĂȘnicas inadequadas e que medidas educativas rĂ­gidas devem ser aplicadas, para evitar a propagação de agentes patogĂȘnicos para os alimentos pela manipulação

    Toxoplasmose congĂȘnita em gĂȘmeos dizigĂłticos, ParanĂĄ, Brasil

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    This is the first report of congenital toxoplasmosis in dizygotic twins in Brazil. We emphasize the need for early diagnosis of the mother and follow-up of children with suspected or confirmed infection from birth to adolescence, in order to avoid the hazard and damage from congenital toxoplasmosis.Este Ă© o primeiro relato de caso de toxoplasmose congĂȘnita em gĂȘmeos dizigĂłticos no Brasil. Os autores enfatizam a necessidade de diagnĂłstico precoce das gestantes e do acompanhamento de crianças do nascimento Ă  adolescĂȘncia, a fim de evitar riscos e danos decorrentes da infecção congĂȘnita

    Estudo retrospectivo da prevalĂȘncia de malĂĄria e do gĂȘnero Anopheles na ĂĄrea de influĂȘncia do reservatĂłrio de Itaipu Binacional

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    The importance of hydroelectric dams beside the human interchange in the maintenance of malarious foci and the occurrence of the Anopheles genus on the Binational Itaipu Reservoir were the main points of this retrospective study. Data were collected from existing registrations at National, State and Municipal Health Departments and literature systematic overview, from January 1984 to December 2003. The occurrence of some outbreak of malaria, mainly by Plasmodium vivax, and the prevalence of species of the Anopheles genus different from Anopheles darlingi in the region are discussed. The malaria in the left bank of ParanĂĄ River is a focal problem, which must be approached locally through health, educational and social actions to prevent the continuity of outbreaks in the area. Concomitantly, it is necessary to plan and apply effective surveillance measures in the influence area of the Itaipu Reservoir.A importĂąncia de reservatĂłrios de hidroelĂ©tricas e do intercĂąmbio humano na manutenção de focos de malĂĄria e a ocorrĂȘncia do gĂȘnero Anopheles no reservatĂłrio de Itaipu Binacional foram os pontos destacados neste estudo retrospectivo. Os dados foram coletados de registros existentes em ĂłrgĂŁos municipais, estadual e nacional de saĂșde e por revisĂŁo sistemĂĄtica da literatura, no perĂ­odo de janeiro de 1984 a dezembro de 2003. A ocorrĂȘncia de alguns surtos de malĂĄria, principalmente por Plasmodium vivax, e a prevalĂȘncia de espĂ©cies do gĂȘnero Anopheles diferentes de Anopheles darlingi na regiĂŁo foram discutidos. A malĂĄria na margem esquerda do rio ParanĂĄ Ă© um problema focal que deve ser abordado localmente atravĂ©s de medidas voltadas Ă  saĂșde, educação e ĂĄrea social que previnam a continuidade da ocorrĂȘncia de surtos na ĂĄrea. Concomitantemente, Ă© necessĂĄrio planejar e aplicar medidas efetivas de vigilĂąncia epidemiolĂłgica na ĂĄrea de influĂȘncia do reservatĂłrio de Itaipu

    PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND KNOWLEDGE GAPS CONCERNING CHAGAS DISEASE IN INTERRUPTED VECTOR-BORNE TRANSMISSION AREA

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    Aiming to verify gaps in the conduct and knowledge of health professionals concerning Chagas disease in Maring and Paiandu, Paran State, Brazil, from September/2004 to July/2005. The participants were chosen by systematic sampling. A total of 487 professionals, consisting of 75 physicians, 75 nurses, 150 nursing assistants and 187 community health agents (CHA), were interviewed using two semi-structured questionnaires, one created for the physicians and another for the nurses, nursing assistants and health agents. A considerable percentage of professionals from all categories demonstrated doubts about treatment, mechanisms of transmission, recognition of the triatomines and the sending of official notification of the presence of insects, tests for diagnosis confirmation, etiologic treatment, and the prognosis of the disease. Doubts arose more frequently among the CHA, who are the main link between patients and basic health units. In order to maintain the current state of disease control and provide appropriate treatment for those already infected by Trypanosoma cruzi, it is necessary to invest in epidemiological surveillance, education and to have duly capable and qualified health professionals

    ToxocarĂ­ase em crianças atendidas em Unidade de Pneumologia do Serviço de SaĂșde PĂșblica, ParanĂĄ, Brasil

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    O teste imunoenzimĂĄtico (ELISA) constitui a ferramenta mais utilizada no diagnĂłstico individual da toxocarĂ­ase humana e/ou em inquĂ©ritos soroepidemiolĂłgicos para pesquisa de anticorpos IgG anti-Toxocara spp. Tendo em vista a elevada freqĂŒĂȘncia da toxocarĂ­ase (32,2% e 56,0%) observada em crianças atendidas em Unidades BĂĄsicas de SaĂșde de municĂ­pios do noroeste do ParanĂĄ, durante pesquisas realizadas ao longo dos Ășltimos oito anos, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar estas frequĂȘncias em crianças encaminhadas a uma unidade de Pneumologia do serviço de saĂșde pĂșblica da cidade de MaringĂĄ, noroeste do Estado do ParanĂĄ, Brasil e descrever os achados laboratoriais, clĂ­nicos e epidemiolĂłgicos das crianças soropositivas. A pesquisa foi realizada no Centro de Especialidades Regional - CISAMUSEP - entre julho de 2009 a julho de 2010, em crianças com idade entre um e 15 anos. De 167 crianças investigadas, sete (4,2%) apresentaram anticorpos IgG anti-Toxocara spp. Entre elas, duas (1,2%) crianças soropositivas apresentaram eosinofilia (baixos nĂ­veis), seis mostraram nĂ­veis elevados de IgE e cinco, teste alĂ©rgico positivo, principalmente para ĂĄcaros. Concluindo, no noroeste do estado do ParanĂĄ foram observados raros casos de crianças com toxocarĂ­ase envolvendo o trato respiratĂłrio e que foram atendidas por serviços pĂșblicos de Pneumologia ainda que na regiĂŁo estudada tenha sido observada elevada prevalĂȘncia de toxocarĂ­ase em crianças assistidas pelas Unidades BĂĄsicas de SaĂșde (BHU).The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most widely used tool to detect anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies for both serodiagnostic and seroepidemiological surveys on human toxocariasis. In the last eight years a high prevalence of toxocariasis (32.2-56.0%) has been reported in children attending public health units from municipalities in the state of ParanĂĄ, Brazil. Therefore, the aim of this work was to compare the frequency found among the general child population with that of children attending a public pneumology service in MaringĂĄ, ParanĂĄ, Brazil and describe the laboratorial, clinical and epidemiological findings. The research was conducted at the ConsĂłrcio PĂșblico Intermunicipal de SaĂșde do SetentriĂŁo Paranaense (CISAMUSEP) from July 2009 to July 2010 among children aged between one and 15 years. From a total of 167 children studied, only 4.2% (7/167) tested positive for anti-Toxocara spp. IgG antibodies and presented mild eosinophilia (2/7), increased serum IgE levels (6/7) and a positive allergy test for mites (5/7). The presence of pets (dogs or cats) at home did not correlate with the seroprevalence. In conclusion, cases of toxocariasis involving the respiratory tract are rare in children attending a public health pneumology unit in the northwestern region of ParanĂĄ State, despite the high prevalence of this type of toxocariasis among the infantile population attending Basic Health Units in the same geographical area

    Toxocariasis in children attending a Public Health Service Pneumology Unit in ParanĂĄ State, Brazil

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    The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most widely used tool to detect anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies for both serodiagnostic and seroepidemiological surveys on human toxocariasis. In the last eight years a high prevalence of toxocariasis (32.2-56.0%) has been reported in children attending public health units from municipalities in the state of ParanĂĄ, Brazil. Therefore, the aim of this work was to compare the frequency found among the general child population with that of children attending a public pneumology service in MaringĂĄ, ParanĂĄ, Brazil and describe the laboratorial, clinical and epidemiological findings. The research was conducted at the ConsĂłrcio PĂșblico Intermunicipal de SaĂșde do SetentriĂŁo Paranaense (CISAMUSEP) from July 2009 to July 2010 among children aged between one and 15 years. From a total of 167 children studied, only 4.2% (7/167) tested positive for anti-Toxocara spp. IgG antibodies and presented mild eosinophilia (2/7), increased serum IgE levels (6/7) and a positive allergy test for mites (5/7). The presence of pets (dogs or cats) at home did not correlate with the seroprevalence. In conclusion, cases of toxocariasis involving the respiratory tract are rare in children attending a public health pneumology unit in the northwestern region of ParanĂĄ State, despite the high prevalence of this type of toxocariasis among the infantile population attending Basic Health Units in the same geographical area
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