Intranasal administration of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells as a suitable approach for Parkinson�s disease therapy

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of intranasal administration of human endometrium-derived stem cells (HEDSCs) in the mouse model of Parkinson�s disease (PD). Thirty days after intrastriatal injection of 6-OHDA, HEDSCs were administrated intranasally in three doses (104, 5 � 104 and 105 cells µl�1). During 120 days after stem cell administration, behavioral tests were examined. Then the mice were sacrificed and the fresh section of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) was used for detection of HEDSCs-GFP labeled by fluorescence microscopy method. In addition, immunohistochemistry was used to assay GFP, human neural Nestin, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) markers in the fixed brain tissue at the SNpc. Our data revealed that behavioral parameters were significantly improved after cell therapy. Fluorescence microscopy assay in fresh tissue and GFP analysis in fixed tissue were showed that the HEDSCs-GFP labeled migrated to SNpc. The data from immunohistochemistry revealed that the Nestin as a differential neuronal biomarker was expressed in SNpc. Also, TH as a dopaminergic neuron marker significantly increased after HEDSCs therapy in an optimized dose 5 � 104 cells µl�1. Our results suggest that intranasal administration of HEDSCs improve the PD symptoms in the mouse model of PD dose-dependent manner as a noninvasive method. © 2019, Springer Nature B.V

Chondrogenic differentiation of human scalp adipose-derived stem cells in Polycaprolactone scaffold and using Freeze Thaw Freeze method

Human adipose tissue has been identified as a viable alternative source for mesenchymal stem cells. SADSCs were isolated from human scalp biopsy and then were characterized by Flow cytometry. SADSCS expressed CD90, CD44, and CD105 but did not express CD45 surface marker. Growth factors were used for chondrogenesis induction. Histology and immunohistology methods and gene expression by real‐time PCR 14 days after induced cells have shown the feature of chondrocytes in their morphology and extracellular matrix in both inducing patterns of combination and cycling induction. Moreover, the expression of gene markers of chondrogenesis for example collagen type II aggrecan and SOX9 has shown by real‐time PCR assay. Then, SADSCs were seeded alone on polycaprolatone (PCL) and with Freeze thaw Freeze (PCL+FTF) scaffolds and SADSCs differentiated toward the chondrogenic lineage and chondrogenesis induction were evaluated using scanning electron microcopy (SEM) and MTT assay. Our results showed that SADSCs were also similar to the other adipose‐derived stem cells. Using TGF‐beta3 and BMP‐6 were effective for chondrogenesis induction. Therefore using of TGF‐beta3 and BMP‐6 growth factors may be the important key for in vitro chondrogenesis induction. The bio‐composite of PCL+FTF nanofibrous scaffolds enhance the chondroblast differentiation and proliferation compared to PCL scaffolds .Therefore, our model will make it possible to study the mechanism of transition from chondroblast to chondrocyte

Mesenchymal stem cells: A new platform for targeting suicide genes in cancer

Abstract One of the important strategies for the treatment of cancer is gene therapy which has the potential to exclusively eradicate malignant cells, without any damage to the normal tissues. Gene‐directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) is a two‐step gene therapy approach, where a suicide gene is directed to tumor cells. The gene encodes an enzyme that expressed intracellularly where it is able to convert a prodrug into cytotoxic metabolites. Various delivery systems have been developed to achieve the appropriate levels of tumor restricted expression of chemotherapeutic drugs. Nowadays, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been drawing great attention as cellular vehicles for gene delivery systems. Inherent characteristics of MSCs make them particularly attractive gene therapy tools in cell therapy. They have been used largely for their remarkable homing property toward tumor sites and availability from many different adult tissues and show anti‐inflammatory actions in some cases. They do not stimulate proliferative responses of lymphocytes, suggests that MSCs have low immunogenicity and could avoid immune rejection. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about genetically modified MSCs that enable to co‐transduce a variety of therapeutic agents including suicide genes (i.e., cytosine deaminase, thymidine kinase) in order to exert potent anti‐carcinogenesis against various tumors growth. Moreover, we highlighted the role of exosomes released from MSCs as new therapeutic platform for targeting various therapeutic agents. Keywords: cancer mesenchymal stem cells suicide gene therap