2,132 research outputs found
Lexical and Derivational Meaning in Vector-Based Models of Relativisation
Sadrzadeh et al (2013) present a compositional distributional analysis of
relative clauses in English in terms of the Frobenius algebraic structure of
finite dimensional vector spaces. The analysis relies on distinct type
assignments and lexical recipes for subject vs object relativisation. The
situation for Dutch is different: because of the verb final nature of Dutch,
relative clauses are ambiguous between a subject vs object relativisation
reading. Using an extended version of Lambek calculus, we present a
compositional distributional framework that accounts for this derivational
ambiguity, and that allows us to give a single meaning recipe for the relative
pronoun reconciling the Frobenius semantics with the demands of Dutch
derivational syntax.Comment: 10 page version to appear in Proceedings Amsterdam Colloquium,
updated with appendi
A Frobenius Algebraic Analysis for Parasitic Gaps
The interpretation of parasitic gaps is an ostensible case of non-linearity
in natural language composition. Existing categorial analyses, both in the
typelogical and in the combinatory traditions, rely on explicit forms of
syntactic copying. We identify two types of parasitic gapping where the
duplication of semantic content can be confined to the lexicon. Parasitic gaps
in adjuncts are analysed as forms of generalized coordination with a
polymorphic type schema for the head of the adjunct phrase. For parasitic gaps
affecting arguments of the same predicate, the polymorphism is associated with
the lexical item that introduces the primary gap. Our analysis is formulated in
terms of Lambek calculus extended with structural control modalities. A
compositional translation relates syntactic types and derivations to the
interpreting compact closed category of finite dimensional vector spaces and
linear maps with Frobenius algebras over it. When interpreted over the
necessary semantic spaces, the Frobenius algebras provide the tools to model
the proposed instances of lexical polymorphism.Comment: SemSpace 2019, to appear in Journal of Applied Logic
Structural Ambiguity and its Disambiguation in Language Model Based Parsers: the Case of Dutch Clause Relativization
This paper addresses structural ambiguity in Dutch relative clauses. By
investigating the task of disambiguation by grounding, we study how the
presence of a prior sentence can resolve relative clause ambiguities. We apply
this method to two parsing architectures in an attempt to demystify the parsing
and language model components of two present-day neural parsers. Results show
that a neurosymbolic parser, based on proof nets, is more open to data bias
correction than an approach based on universal dependencies, although both
setups suffer from a comparable initial data bias
Constructive Type-Logical Supertagging with Self-Attention Networks
We propose a novel application of self-attention networks towards grammar
induction. We present an attention-based supertagger for a refined type-logical
grammar, trained on constructing types inductively. In addition to achieving a
high overall type accuracy, our model is able to learn the syntax of the
grammar's type system along with its denotational semantics. This lifts the
closed world assumption commonly made by lexicalized grammar supertaggers,
greatly enhancing its generalization potential. This is evidenced both by its
adequate accuracy over sparse word types and its ability to correctly construct
complex types never seen during training, which, to the best of our knowledge,
was as of yet unaccomplished.Comment: REPL4NLP 4, ACL 201
Inflation and Higgs Phenomenology in a Model Unifying the DFSZ Axion with the Majoron
The Two-Higgs-Doublet-Standard Model-Axion-Seesaw-Higgs-Portal inflation
(2hdSMASH) model consisting of two Higgs doublets, a Standard Model (SM)
singlet complex scalar and three SM singlet right-handed neutrinos can embed
axion dark matter, neutrino masses and address inflation. We report on an
investigation of the inflationary aspects of 2hdSMASH and its subsequent impact
on low energy phenomenology. In particular, we identify inflationary directions
for which the parameter values required for successful inflation do not violate
perturbative unitarity and boundedness-from-below conditions. By analyzing the
renormalization-group flow of the parameters we identify the necessary and
sufficient constraints for running all parameters perturbatively and
maintaining stability from the electroweak to the PLANCK scale. We determine
typical benchmark points satisfying theoretical and experimental constraints
which can be potentially probed by future colliders.Comment: 71 pages, 18 figures, 7 table
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