127 research outputs found
Anatomie einer Leidenschaft : Anmerkungen zu Bernardo Bertoluccis transgressivem Liebesfilm DER LETZTE TANGO IN PARIS
Mit Ultimo tango a Parigi gelang Bernardo Bertolucci ein Skandalerfolg Anfang der siebziger Jahre. BegĂŒnstigt durch GerĂŒchte um extreme Sexszenen, gerichtliche Klagen und Verbote, spielte der Film, dessen Budget lediglich bei 1,2 Millionen Dollar lag (vgl. David Thompson: Last tango in Paris. London 1998, S. 16), insgesamt ĂŒber 40 Millionen Dollar ein (vgl. Dietrich Kuhlbrodt: LÂŽultimo tango a Parigi. In: Peter W. Jansen / Wolfram SchĂŒtte: Bernardo Bertolucci. MĂŒnchen 1982, S. 170). Obwohl Ultimo tango a Parigi in den USA als Pornofilm vermarktet wurde (vgl. ebd.), erkannte die Filmkritik schon frĂŒh seine kĂŒnstlerische QualitĂ€t
Untersuchung zur Beteiligung von Proteinkinase A und Tyrosinkinasen an der Calcium-abhÀngigen Signaltransduktion von Glucagon-like Peptide 1(7-36)amid in Insulin-sezernierenden Zellen des endokrinen Pankreas
Glucagon-like Peptide-1(7-37)/(7-36)amid, GLP-1, ist ein insulinotropes intestinales Peptid-Hormon, das vor allem wegen der VerstĂ€rkung der Glukose-abhĂ€ngigen Insulinsekretion, ein groĂes Potential bei der Therapie des Diabetes mellitus hat. Die Signaltransduktion von GLP-1 ist in weiten Teilen noch nicht geklĂ€rt. Bisherige Studien ergaben, dass GLP-1 an den G-Protein-gekoppelten GLP-1-Rezeptor bindet. Ăber Aktivierung der Adenylatzyklase erhöht sich der cAMP-Spiegel. Letztlich kommt es durch unbekannte Schritte zu einem Anstieg der intrazellulĂ€ren Calciumkonzentration und zu einer erhöhten Insulinsekretion. Oftmals sind bei der Signaltransduktion Proteinkinasen wie die cAMP-abhĂ€ngige Proteinkinase A oder Tyrosinkinasen beteiligt, so dass dies auch bei der GLP-1-induzierten Calciumerhöhung und Insulinsekretion vermutet wurde. Bisherige Arbeiten wurden oft ungeeignete Ă-Zellmodelle ausgefĂŒhrt, verwendet zum Beispiel nur ein Proteinkinase A-Hemmstoff und kamen so zu unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen ĂŒber die Bedeutung von Proteinkinasen bei der Signaltransduktion von GLP-1.
Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Beteiligung von Proteinkinase A und Tyrosinkinasen an der Calcium-abhĂ€ngigen Signaltransduktion von Glucagon-like Peptide 1(7-36)amid in Insulin-sezernierenden Zellen des endokrinen Pankreas zu untersuchen. Dazu wurde 1.) eines geeigneten Ă-Zellmodell, hier die Glukose-sensible INS-1-Zellen sowie Ă-Zellen in prĂ€parierten Langerhanssche Inseln der Maus, und 2.) verschiedene, angemessene Proteinkinasehemmstoffe verwendet. Mit den Fluoreszenzfarbstoffen Fura-2 bzw. Bisoxonol wurden die intrazellulĂ€re Calciumkonzentrationen an beiden Zelltypen sowie VerĂ€nderungen im Membranpotential der INS-1-Zellen gemessen. Um Artefakte am Rezeptor auszuschlieĂen, wurde neben GLP-1 durch Forskolin die Adenylatzyklase direkt aktiviert.
Weder durch den selektiven Proteinkinase A-Hemmstoff KT5720 (bis zu 20”M) noch Rp-cAMPs (bis 1mM) konnte eine Hemmung der GLP-1- oder Forskolin-Wirkung erzielt werden. Der dritte Proteinkinase A-Inhibitor H-89 selbst fĂŒhrte konzentrationsabhĂ€ngig (bis 40”M) zu einer deutlichen Reduktion der Glukose-induzierten Effekte, wie den Calciumanstieg oder den Calciumoszillationen der Langerhansschen Inseln. Erst durch lange Inkubationszeiten mit deutlich höheren als sonst verwendeten Konzentrationen lieĂen sich die GLP-1 bzw. Forskolin-induzierte Erhöhung des Calciumspiegels sowie die Membrandepolarisation leicht reduzieren, so dass es sich dabei eher um einen sekundĂ€ren Effekt infolge des verminderten Glukoseeinflusses zu handeln scheint. Insgesamt zeigte die fehlende Inhibition durch die drei Hemmstoffe, dass die Proteinkinase A an der Signaltransduktion von GLP-1 bzw. Forskolin zur Erhöhung des intrazellulĂ€ren Calciumspiegels nicht beteiligt ist.
Die Tyrosinkinase-Hemmstoffe Genistein (bis 100”M) und Herbimycin A (bis 20”M) fĂŒhrten beide, Genistein mehr als Herbimycin A, zu konzentrationsabhĂ€ngigen, massiven VerĂ€nderungen der Glukose-abhĂ€ngigen Calciumerhöhung sowie der Calciumoszillationen. Die Ursache hierfĂŒr, ob es sich dabei zum Beispiel um eine spezifische Tyrosinkinase-Hemmung oder vielleicht einen unspezifischen toxischen Effekt handelt, werden in der Literatur kontrovers diskutiert. In Relation zu diesen starken VerĂ€nderungen der Glukosewirkung lieĂ sich bei keinem der beiden Hemmstoffe eine isolierte Inhibition des GLP-1 oder Forskolin-Effektes zeigen.
Auch der potente, unspezifische Proteinkinasehemmstoff Staurosporin bei relevanter Dosierung zeigte keine Beeinflussung der durch GLP-1 und Forskolin bedingten Calciumerhöhung sowie der Membrandepolarisation.
Insgesamt zeigt dies Arbeit, dass fĂŒr den GLP-1-induzierten Anstieg der intrazellulĂ€ren Calciumkonzentration und der Membrandepolarisation weder Proteinkinase A noch Tyrosinkinasen, eher sogar keine Proteinkinase eine entscheidende Rolle spielt. An der möglichen Signaltransduktion dieser GLP-1-Effekte könnten ein nicht selektiver Kationenkanal ĂŒber cAMP alleinig (NSCC) oder in Kombination mit einer Hyperpolarisation (HCN) ebenso wie der cAMP-regulierte Ras Guanin-Nucleotid-Austausch-Faktor, Epac, beteiligt sein. Um den genauen Mechanismus, unter anderem welche IonenkanĂ€le beeinflusst werden, aufzuschlĂŒsseln, sind weitere Untersuchungen notwendig.
Zudem ist zu erwĂ€hnen, dass in der Literatur ebenfalls ein Calcium-unabhĂ€ngiger Anteile der GLP-1-induzierten Insulinsekretion beschrieben ist. So ist eine Beteiligung von Proteinkinasen distal der Calciumerhöhung, zum Beispiel durch VergröĂerung des Reservepools der Insulingranula oder einer Tyrosinkinase-abhĂ€ngig verstĂ€rkter Exozytose, durchaus mit den Ergebnissen dieser Arbeit vereinbar
Santriâs Emotional Intelligence and Big Five Personalities on Bullying Behaviors in Pesantren
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of two independent variables; emotional intelligence and big five personalities, on the dependent variable, namely the bullying behavior of teenage santri at pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) in West Sumatra. This study used a quantitative approach with multiple regression analysis methods with a significance level of 0.05 or 5%. The sample consisted of 200 santri in pesantren of West Sumatra, taken using a non-probability sampling technique. The data collection instruments used the Wong and Law's Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Big Five Inventory and the Revised Olweus Bullying/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ). The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence on emotional intelligence and big five personality toward bullying behavior of santri. Emotional intelligence consist of self-assessment, emotional assessment of others, emotional regulation, emotional use. The big five personality consist of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness. The hypothesis test results show that two minor hypotheses significantly affect the bullying behavior of santri in pesantren, namely the emotional regulation dimension of self-emotional assessment and the agreeableness dimension of the big five personalities.
PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL AND PRINCIPAL LEADERSHIP STYLE ON THE TEACHER'S PERFORMANCE IN INDONESIAN MADRASAH: JOB SATISFACTION AS A MEDIATOR
Madrasah principals and teachers become an entry point for policy to address disparities in student achievement and quality of madrasahs in Indonesia. Unfortunately, not many studies have tested the theoretical model of teacher job satisfaction as a mediator of the influence of teacher psychological capital and principal leadership style on teacher performance. The population of this study was public and private madrasah teachers in Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia. At the same time, the research sample consisted of 356 teachers selected by the purposive sampling method. The measuring tool uses the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24), the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ)-5X, and the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS). Testing construct validity used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while data analysis used Structural Equating Modeling (SEM) with Mplus 7.4 software. The results of SEM show that the theoretical model of teacher job satisfaction as a mediator variable in the influence of teacher psychological capital and leadership style of madrasah principals on teacher performance fit the empirical data. The results also show that teacher job satisfaction mediates the effect of teacher psychological capital and principal leadership style on teacher performance, but the direct effect of the two independent variables on the dependent variable is stronger
Family environment is associated with endemic Burkitt lymphoma: a population-based case-control study
Endemic Burkitt\u27s lymphoma (eBL) has been linked to Epstein-Barr virus and holoendemic Plasmodium falciparum malaria. These co-infections, however, are insufficient to explain the non-random occurrence of Endemic Burkitt\u27s lymphoma within Equatorial Africa. To explore whether this distribution could be explained by household characteristics and family environment, we conducted a case-control study using 41 hospitalized incident endemic Burkitt\u27s lymphoma cases and 91 healthy controls identified through a population-based multistage cluster-sampling scheme in Nyanza Province, Kenya. In a multivariate analysis, odds ratios associated with having one, two, and three or more younger siblings compared with none were 0.28 (90% CI: 0.09, 0.83), 0.59 (90% CI: 0.16, 2.23) and 0.15 (90% CI: 0.03, 0.67) respectively, suggesting that children with endemic Burkitt\u27s lymphoma were more likely than controls to be last-born. Children with endemic Burkitt\u27s lymphoma were also more likely to live in non-monogamous families (OR=3.12, 90% CI:1.19, 8.17) and to have at least one deceased parent (OR=3.38, 90% CI: 1.18, 9.64). Household characteristics, especially sibship relationships, may contribute to endemic Burkitt\u27s lymphoma and therefore warrant further study
Exposure to holoendemic malaria results in suppression of Epstein-Barr virus-specific T cell immunosurveillance in Kenyan children
BACKGROUND: Malaria and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection are cofactors in the pathogenesis of endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL). The mechanisms by which these pathogens predispose to eBL are not known.
METHODS: Healthy Kenyan children with divergent malaria exposure were measured for responses to EBV latent and lytic antigens by interferon (IFN)- gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay and interleukin (IL)-10 ELISA. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA), purified protein derivative (PPD), and T cell epitope peptides derived from merozoite surface protein (MSP)-1, a malaria blood-stage antigen, were also evaluated.
RESULTS: Children 5-9 years old living in an area holoendemic for malaria had significantly fewer EBV-specific IFN- gamma responses than did children of the same age living in an area with unstable malaria transmission. This effect was not observed for children \u3c5 years old or those \u3e9 years old. In contrast, IFN- gamma responses to PHA, PPD, and Plasmodium falciparum MSP-1 peptides did not significantly differ by age. IL-10 responses to EBV lytic antigens, PPD, and PHA correlated inversely with malaria exposure regardless of age.
CONCLUSIONS: Children living in malaria-holoendemic areas have diminished EBV-specific T cell immunosurveillance between the ages of 5 and 9 years, which coincides with the peak age incidence of eBL
A polymerase chain reaction/ligase detection reaction fluorescent microsphere assay to determine Plasmodium falciparum MSP-119 haplotypes
The merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) is a blood stage antigen currently being tested as a vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Determining the MSP-1(19) haplotype(s) present during infection is essential for assessments of MSP-1 vaccine efficacy and studies of protective immunity in human populations. The C-terminal fragment (MSP-1(19)) has four predominant haplotypes based on point mutations resulting in non-synonymous amino acid changes: E-TSR (PNG-MAD20 type), E-KNG (Uganda-PA type), Q-KNG (Wellcome type), and Q-TSR (Indo type). Current techniques using direct DNA sequencing are laborious and expensive. We present an MSP-1(19) allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/ligase detection reaction-fluorescent microsphere assay (LDR-FMA) that allows simultaneous detection of the four predominant MSP-1(19) haplotypes with a sensitivity and specificity comparable with other molecular methods and a semi-quantitative determination of haplotype contribution in mixed infections. Application of this method is an inexpensive, accurate, and high-throughput alternative to distinguish the predominant MSP-1(19) haplotypes in epidemiologic studies
Stability of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 responses to Plasmodium falciparum liver stage antigen-1 and thrombospondin-related adhesive protein in residents of a malaria holoendemic area
The stability of anti-malarial immunity will influence the interpretation of immunologic endpoints during malaria vaccine trials conducted in endemic areas. Therefore, we evaluated cytokine responses to Plasmodium falciparum liver stage antigen-1 (LSA-1) and thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (TRAP) by Kenyans from a holoendemic area at a 9-month interval. The proportion of adults with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) responses to 9-mer LSA-1 peptides was similar at both time-points, whereas responses from children decreased (P \u3c 0.05). Response to the longer, 23-mer LSA-1 peptide was variable, decreasing in adults and children over time (P \u3c 0.02 and P \u3c 0.001, respectively). The proportion of children with IFN-gamma responses to either antigen at the second time-point was significantly lower than that of adults, yet more adults responded to 9-mer TRAP peptides (P \u3c 0.02). In contrast, the proportion of interleukin-10 responses to LSA-1 and TRAP was similar at both time-points for both age groups. Most noteworthy was that even when the repeat cross-sectional frequency of cytokine responses was the same, these responses were not generated by the same individuals. This suggests that cytokine responses to LSA-1 and TRAP are transient under natural exposure conditions
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