Model Post-Secondary Vocational Technical Programs for the Deaf: Attitudes of Staff and Students

Non

Principles of Group Counseling and Their Applications for Deaf Clients

According to a model developed by Cavanagh (1982), counseling may be perceived as a unique relationship by which the counselor helps others learn to relate to themselves and others in growth producing ways. The effective counselor fosters growth by creating an environment and a relationship that is significantly different from any presently experienced by the client or clients. Underlying principles and goals of individual and group counseling are identified and discussed. One goal of counseling is to help individuals understand that most of their difficulties emanate from within themselves and not from external circumstances. The basic purposes of a therapeutic group are to increase people\u27s knowledge of themselves and others, to assist people in clarifying changes they want to make in their lives, and to help them develop some of the tools necessary to make the changes. Special characteristics of members of the Deaf culture are discussed, with implications for the group counseling process. The identification of ASL as the language of choice has great importance for the Deaf community and any effective counselor must accept it as a legitimate language distinct from English. The counselor must resist any attempt to pathologize deafness and needs to recognize it as an identifying characteristic of a distinct American social group. The utilization of interpreters with counselors not proficient in ASL is considered. Because the presence of a third party in the counseling process entails distancing in the counselor/client relationship, it is preferable to have a counselor skilled in ASL. Because of a shortage of such professionals, the use of an interpreter may be the only viable alternative

Preferences of Deaf College Students for the Hearing Status of Their Children

The anticipated results of genetic research and the implications for genetic engineering have the potential to reduce the incidence of conditions such as cancer, but questions have been raised about the ethics of proceeding to conditions such as blindness, deafness or color-blindness. One area that has not been addressed is the preferences of deaf individuals for the hearing status of their children. The present study investigated the preference of deaf college students for the hearing status of children they might have in the future. The results indicated that the majority of respondents expressed no preference for hearing status of children. Of the approximately 25% who did state a preference, all but one would choose to have a deaf child. Implications of this finding are discussed

Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) inhibits inflammasome-mediated inflammation and has been proposed as a treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 (NCT04381936, ISRCTN50189673). In this assessment of DMF performed at 27 UK hospitals, adults were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus DMF. The primary outcome was clinical status on day 5 measured on a seven-point ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes were time to sustained improvement in clinical status, time to discharge, day 5 peripheral blood oxygenation, day 5 C-reactive protein, and improvement in day 10 clinical status. Between 2 March 2021 and 18 November 2021, 713 patients were enroled in the DMF evaluation, of whom 356 were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus DMF, and 357 to usual care alone. 95% of patients received corticosteroids as part of routine care. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of DMF on clinical status at day 5 (common odds ratio of unfavourable outcome 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.47; p = 0.40). There was no significant effect of DMF on any secondary outcome

Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) inhibits inflammasome-mediated inflammation and has been proposed as a treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 (NCT04381936, ISRCTN50189673). In this assessment of DMF performed at 27 UK hospitals, adults were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus DMF. The primary outcome was clinical status on day 5 measured on a seven-point ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes were time to sustained improvement in clinical status, time to discharge, day 5 peripheral blood oxygenation, day 5 C-reactive protein, and improvement in day 10 clinical status. Between 2 March 2021 and 18 November 2021, 713 patients were enroled in the DMF evaluation, of whom 356 were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus DMF, and 357 to usual care alone. 95% of patients received corticosteroids as part of routine care. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of DMF on clinical status at day 5 (common odds ratio of unfavourable outcome 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.47; p = 0.40). There was no significant effect of DMF on any secondary outcome

Writing signed languages: What for? what form? A response

IN HIS ARTICLE in an American Annals of the Deaf special issue that also includes the present article, Grushkin divides his discussion of a written sign system into three basic parts. The first presents arguments against the development of a written form of American Sign Language; the second provides a rationale for a written form of ASL; the third advances opinions of the form such a system might take. The arguments in the first part are weak and reflect the same bias that historically has been shown against ASL itself. The third section advances some ideas that should provide the basis for interesting discussions. Among these are the relationship, if any, of a written sign language to English print, the extent to which it should be alphabetic and horizontal, and its role in the current American educational system

Dueling epistemologies: Between scylla and charybdis in the education of deaf learners

In Greek mythology, Scylla and Charybdis were hideous sea monsters occupying two sides of a narrow strait. If a ship sailed too close to Scylla, it might hit the rocks and Scylla would devour the sailors. If the ship sailed too close to Charybdis, it might be sucked into a whirlpool and all would perish. Occasionally, an intrepid leader would navigate the treacherous waters. According to legend, Jason successfully accomplished this with the Argo. Odysseus was partially successful; he steered too close to Scylla, who consumed six sailors, but Odysseus and the rest of the crew survived

The History of Language and Communication Issues in Deaf Education

The oral/manual methods controversy arose more than 200 years ago. Although many variations exist, there have been three basic approaches. An oral approach concentrates on the development of the spoken language of a community. What is now known as a bilingual-bicultural (Bi-Bi) approach emphasizes the development of the natural sign language of a community as the first language, then teaches the majority language through reading. A third approach supports the development of a sign system based on the syntax of a spoken language and modifications of a sign language in instruction. This system can be used either alone or in coordination with speech, known as simultaneous communication (Sim Com), or alone. A fourth approach, known as total communication (TC), encourages the use of all forms of communication, dependent on individual needs. These longstanding debates have not been resolved after two centuries, and represent different perceptions of deafness, the requirements for leading a full, rich life, and resultant educational and social goals. The oral method was dominant from 1880 to 1960. Since then, constant change has occurred, with sign languages and sign systems receiving significant support. Recent global developments in neonatal screening, early intervention programs, cochlear implants, and the growth of an inclusion model in education have major implications for instruction and for the development of language and communication skills in deaf individuals

Research methodology in deaf education: Early efforts

The purpose of this chapter is to provide historical context for research in deaf education. Educators began conducting research from the time of the establishment of the first school for the deaf in the United States in 1816, long before the development of sophisticated research methodology. Investigators used the resources at hand and addressed issues of importance in their time. First reports tended to be anecdotal and self-report, followed by demographic studies. Research in the first half of the twentieth century concentrated on mental measurement and standardized tests of academic achievement. From this developed a core of professionals with skills to conduct studies in a wide range of areas and consumers with the interest to profit from them. Since that time, advances have been made in the study of sign languages, language acquisition, intellectual and cognitive assessment, and measurement of academic achievement, resulting in a broad array of research approaches