Research Proposal: EMRs Changing Patient Medication Errors

In 2009 the federal government initiated the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) in efforts to improve timely and quality health care. This new initiative promised to provide great incentives to health care providers who took advantage of the program by implementing electronic medical records (EMRs) within their facilities, clinics, and practices. Coupled with tight deadlines and the incentive of reimbursement, the health care world has been witness to an influx of EMRs being developed by vendors and implemented at health care facilities. The rate at which these EMRs have been implemented has been astounding. So fast, the health care world has had little time to truly grasp the full potential of the EMR and see the full benefits. Additionally, clinicians have had little time to sit back and evaluate the effectiveness of the EMR. Many have questioned if the EMR has been a benefit or a hindrance to the health care world. Finally clinicians, researchers and administrative staff are questioning if the EMRs have in fact increased patient medication errors. This question has prompted this research proposal to discover from literature review and studies how EMRs have positively or negatively affected patient medication errors

Reporting on Poverty

This book presents an in-depth, systematic investigation of the reporting of poverty in Wales, discussing findings from a two-year research project funded by the ‘Exploring the Narrative Coalition’ (a group of 10 Wales-based third sector organisations), the ESRC, and Cardiff University. Examining how poverty news is covered in the English and Welsh languages across broadcast, print and online news, it provides a detailed insight into current journalistic and communications practices on a crucial issue facing Wales. In the wake of a decade of austerity policies, with official measures confirming experiences of poverty and destitution are increasing, the book offers a timely intervention, critically investigating mainstream media narratives on poverty and how these are shaped. The book is based on original research conducted in 2016-7, in a highly eventful period that included the Tata Steel crisis in Port Talbot, South Wales, the Welsh Government elections and the referendum campaign on the UK’s membership of the European Union. It addresses how poverty was framed in such nationally significant news about politics, business and economics, as well as more local, personal or community-focused stories about livelihoods and social issues. A quantitative analysis of the key characteristics of coverage across different media types provides a detailed evidence base for understanding how poverty news was represented. This includes examining the major contextualizing themes, social groups and geographical locations most frequently covered, the causes and consequences of poverty, and sourcing. It demonstrates how Wales-based media coverage differs from more negative reporting typical of some sections of the UK national press, especially in terms of stigmatizing discourses surrounding unemployment and welfare. However, important questions are identified about how news narratives convey meaning and, especially, disconnections between the coverage of macro-economic trends or events and their consequences in the lives of ordinary people. Additionally, the book explores why poverty news coverage is constructed in the way that it is, using findings from detailed interviews with journalists and editors about their practice. Through the lens of professional values and experiences, the book examines the challenges thought to affect poverty reporting. Key issues include the contraction of resources and specialist expertise allocated to social affairs journalism, the difficulties of identifying and reaching potentially vulnerable groups across Wales and representing case studies fairly and ethically. A parallel set of interviews conducted with third sector professionals about their engagement with news media and communications practices provides a further insight into the production of poverty news. Here, the pressures in reporting poverty are seen from a different perspective, where seeking to influence the coverage of poverty and respond to news demands can elicit professional tensions between journalists and the third sector and/or productive cooperative relationships positively impacting news narratives. In providing a detailed picture of how and why poverty news narratives are shaped as they are, the book aims to provide an evidence base informing more meaningful, representative and accurate poverty reporting in Wales

Saving refugees or policing the seas? How the national press of five EU member states framed news coverage of the migration crisis

Migration from the Middle East and Africa to Europe increasingly hit the headlines in 2014-5 as the unprecedented scale of deaths at sea was gradually recognised as a newsworthy and important story. This article presents findings from research commissioned by UNHCR to measure how the issue of migration was framed in the news media across the EU. We compare the national press coverage of five member states: UK, Sweden, Germany, Spain and Italy, focusing upon the main themes of news coverage, reasons for and responses to migration outlined. We find striking variations in framing between national contexts, but also a significant disconnection, overall, between causal interpretation and treatment recommendation framing. We conclude that the resulting fragmented frames of European migration news in themselves signify ‘crisis’ - an unsettled discourse reflecting shifting anxieties between humanitarian concern to save refugees, and a securitising fortress mentality to better police European and national borders

Press coverage of the refugee and migrant crisis in the EU: a content analysis of five European countries

In 2014, more than 200,000 refugees and migrants fled for safety across the Mediterranean Sea. Crammed into overcrowded, unsafe boats, thousands drowned, prompting the Pope to warn that the sea was becoming a mass graveyard. The early months of 2015 saw no respite. In April alone more than 1,300 people drowned. This led to a large public outcry to increase rescue operations. Throughout this period, UNHCR and other humanitarian organisations, engaged in a series of largescale media advocacy exercises, aiming at convincing European countries to do more to help. It was crucial work, setting the tone for the dramatic rise in attention to the refugee crisis that followed in the second half of 2015. But the media was far from united in its response. While some outlets joined the call for more assistance, others were unsympathetic, arguing against increasing rescue operations. To learn why, UNHCR commissioned a report by the Cardiff School of Journalism to explore what was driving media coverage in five different European countries: Spain, Italy, Germany, the UK and Sweden. Researchers combed through thousands of articles written in 2014 and early 2015, revealing a number of important findings for future media advocacy campaigns. Most importantly, they found major differences between countries, in terms of the sources journalists used (domestic politicians, foreign politicians, citizens, or NGOs), the language they employed, the reasons they gave for the rise in refugee flows, and the solutions they suggested. Germany and Sweden, for example, overwhelmingly used the terms ‘refugee’ or ‘asylum seeker’, while Italy and the UK press preferred the word ‘migrant’. In Spain, the dominant term was ‘immigrant’. These terms had an important impact on the tenor of each country’s debate. Media also differed widely in terms of the predominant themes to their coverage. For instance, humanitarian themes were more common in Italian coverage than in British, German or Spanish press. Threat themes (such as to the welfare system, or cultural threats) were the most prevalent in Italy, Spain and Britain. Overall, the Swedish press was the most positive towards refugees and migrants, while coverage in the United Kingdom was the most negative, and the most polarised. Amongst those countries surveyed, Britain’s right-wing media was uniquely aggressively in its campaigns against refugees and migrants. This report provides important insights into each country’s press culture during a crucial period of agenda-setting for today’s refugee and migrant crisis. It also offers invaluable insights into historical trends. What emerges is a clear message that for media work on refugees, one size does not fit all. Effective media advocacy in different European nations requires targeted, tailored campaigns, which takes into account their unique cultures and political context

INVESTIGATION OF THE 4-AMINO-α,α-DIHYDROXY-3,5-DICHLOROACETOPHENONE IMPURITY IN THE SYNTHESIS OF CLENBUTEROL HYDROCHLORIDE

Clenbuterol Hydrochloride is a bronchodilator marketed as Spirospent® for Human Pharmaceuticals and as Ventipulmin® for Veterinary Pharmaceuticals by Boehringer Ingelheim.1 This research investigates formation of the 4-amino-α,α-dihydroxy-3,5-dichloroacetophenone impurity (Dihydroxy Impurity) in the synthesis of Clenbuterol Hydrochloride. The Dihydroxy Impurity has increased three-fold since the process was transferred to Boehringer Ingelheim Chemicals, Inc. in 1999.1 The Dihydroxy Impurity is proposed to be produced during an amination/reduction step from a reaction of water with the starting material.2 Additionally, the Dihydroxy Impurity can be formed by the reaction of water with an impurity, 4-amino-α,α-didibromo-3,5-dichloroacetophenone (Dibromo Impurity), that is generated in the previous step.2 The formation of the Dibromo Impurity was investigated through a series of Design of Experiments (DoE) analyses. The results from these analyses, presented within, determined the optimum bromination conditions to reduce the Dibromo Impurity. These conditions were able to reduce the Dibromo Impurity by 75%. A series of water spiking experiments with both the starting material of the amination/reduction step and the Dibromo Impurity were performed to investigate the formation of the Dihydroxy Impurity. Based on the results, a mechanism for the formation of the Dihydroxy Impurity is presented. The three-fold increase of the Dihydroxy Impurity was concluded to be due to ≥ 15% water in the amination reaction mixture reacting with the starting material. REFERENCES 1. Powner, T. H. Process Development Report: Preparation of Clenbuterol Hydrochloride USP, EP; Document No. DRCLEN Rev 0; Boehringer Ingelheim Chemicals, Inc.: Petersburg, VA, 2002; 1 – 194. 2. Brown, J. Clenbuterol Free Base C124A (Lot 1011974) Impurity; Boehringer Ingelheim Chemicals, Inc.: Petersburg, VA, 2007; 1 – 2

Immigration coverage and populist cultural work in the 2015 General Election campaign

In the 2015 General Election campaign immigration was a key battleground issue. It featured strongly in each of the main parties’ manifestos and attracted a steady volume of news media coverage. Immigration was firmly on the national electioneering agenda as if this were a matter of ‘common sense’. Perhaps this should not be surprising. The increasing significance of immigration at the polls certainly seems clear according to successive IPSOS MORI opinion poll data. When asked during the 2015 campaign, ‘Looking ahead to the next General Election, which, if any, of these issues do you think will be very important to you in helping you to decide which party to vote for?’ asylum and immigration was 3rd most cited – apparently as critical an issue as education and outranking previously stalwart areas such as law and order/crime. In the more general Issues Index poll, immigration consistently ranks in the top 5 – overtaking the NHS as the ‘most important issue facing Britain today’ in March 2015. However, this ‘common sense’ public profile of immigration is neither ‘natural’ nor guaranteed, but rather, I argue, the product of populist cultural work to which the main political parties and the press contribute

Excluded from school :an exploration of the experiences of young people who have been permanently excluded

To date, little research has focused on the perspectives of young people\ud who have been permanently excluded from school. Given the well\ud documented short-term and long-term consequences for both the\ud individual and society as a whole, which includes reduced life chances\ud and wider social exclusion, this issue remains a government priority.\ud The present study was carried out to develop a better understanding of\ud the experiences and needs of young people who have been permanently\ud excluded from school, a group seldom consulted about their views. A\ud qualitative methodology was chosen to address the exploratory nature of\ud the research. The study is based on an interpretative phenomenological\ud analysis of the accounts of 6 adolescent boys. Semi-structured\ud interviews were conducted and analysed using this methodology.\ud Three superordinate themes emerged from the data analysis. These\ud included the need to belong, to survive and adjust positively in the face of\ud adversity. The discussion considers how young people can be supported\ud with reference to psychological theory. The implications of the findings\ud for school staff and other professionals working with young people, as\ud well as for educational psychology practice, are discussed

Editorial: The meaning of migration

This is the editorial for the ‘Meaning of Migration’ issue of JOMEC Journal, June 2015. It provides a rationale for its focus upon investigating the meaning of migration in the current conjuncture, indicating how existing work on migration in relation to media coverage, political agendas and humanitarianism informs this focus. It makes a case for the inherently political nature of migration as an unfixed, contested and continually reinvented concept conditioned by multiple specific, local and transnational heterogeneous contexts. The editorial also explains the development of this special issue from the ‘Meaning of Migration’ conference held in Cardiff in April 2014 and suggests that the articles included represent a valuable and diverse set of current and future research trajectories for critical migration research

Cultural study of asylum under New Labour

A Cultural Study of Asylum in the UK Under New Labour critically explores the meaning and significance of an 'asylum crisis' constructed within British public discourse since 1997. Drawing upon the discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe and the work of other poststructuralist, deconstructionist and Cultural Studies theory, the research opens a range of questions about how the dominant hegemonic discourse on asylum has been articulated, using examples in the analysis drawn from across a number of discursive sites, focusing primarily upon examples drawn from the national news media, the rhetoric of mainstream national politicians and policy and other official documents. In the first three chapters the study seeks to explain how theory is important to understanding the role of asylum in contemporary culture and politics. Here, a genealogy of ideas concerning the 'othering' of migrants in the UK is developed, and in relation to asylum, an elucidation of some key concepts for discourse theory and Cultural Studies. The analytical approach of the study is constructed through a critical appraisal of Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory in relation to asylum as an object of analysis and via an engagement with the work other poststructuralist scholars. Case study chapters then examine how a dominant asylum discourse has been constructed in relation to particular 'crisis' issues, how these discourses have shifted and changed under New Labour, and the technologies of control through which asylum seekers are excluded from the mainstream, 'law abiding' citizenry. Through these are explored the conditions of possibility for the articulation of asylum as a threat to the security and well being of the British nation, and concomitantly for the rearticulation of liberal democratic values such as 'human rights' as a potential threat to national security.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

The Efforts of K-12 School Principals to Increase Black Student Achievement

Policies typically hold schools accountable for student learning by isolating student groups within the school population to monitor academic achievement. Responsibility for ensuring academic growth and learning for all students often falls heavily upon the K-12 public school principal. This study investigated K-12 school principals’ beliefs, prioritization, and execution of research-based strategies meant to increase Black student achievement as well as their efforts to implement these strategies, including factors and conditions promoting or inhibiting implementation. Three guiding questions informed this study: (1) To what degree do principals believe leading efforts to improve Black student achievement is a priority? (2) What are the ways K-12 school principals of low-performing schools report they lead efforts to increase student achievement? (3) What are the factors and conditions in low-performing schools that K-12 principals say inhibit and promote their efforts to increase achievement for the Black student population? Using a sequential explanatory method, quantitative data were collected from 12 principals through a questionnaire, with five of those principals providing qualitative data in separate follow-up interviews. The study’s 10 findings identified principals’ core beliefs regarding teaching and learning in their contextualized environments. Recommendations included using all data points available to identify the needs of the school, employing culturally relevant strategies to support Black student achievement, and building the capacity of teachers and staff to embark on and engage in cycles of improvement